Experimental Modeling of Alcohol-Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rats.

An experimental model of alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis in white outbred rats was developed: intragastric administration of 40% ethanol (3 g/kg) every other day for 3 weeks and simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of 1% of N-nitrozodimethylamine (5 mg/kg) for 4 consecutive days of each week.

[The effectiveness of molixan as a means of correction of chemoradiation therapy negative manifestations in patients with oropharyngeal cancer].

The effectiveness of the peptide immunomodulator molixan as a means of support and correction of chemoradiation therapy of oral mucositis have been studied in 36 patients with primary regional cancer of the oral mucosa and the oropharynx. Combined chemotherapy of patients with cisplatin and standard radiotherapy was associated with progression of oral mucositis and hematopoietic disorders which manifested themselves in the form of neutro-, lympho- and thrombocytopenia. Therapeutic intramuscular application of molixan at a dose of 60 mg once a day after a fraction of irradiation made it possible to reduce the severity of oral mucositis (from grade III-IV to grade I-II), as well as to maintain in patients a higher level of white blood cells and platelets in the blood, which made it possible to complete the planned course of chemoradiation therapy.

[Experimental study of the therapeutic efficiency of the lithium salt of glutathione disulphide in the conditions of acute external gamma-irradiation].

Experimental studies on white outbred male mice subjected to gamma-irradiation at doses LD(80/30) have found that the therapeutic use of Litan contributes to the increase (by 40-50%) in the survival rate of the animals. Introduction to irradiated animals of Litan increases the intensity of the inclusion of 3H-thymidine in the DNA of the bone marrow cells and is associated with a growing number of splenic endogenous colonies, which can testify to the stimulating influence of the drug on the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, as well as on the deficit restoration of full-fledged mature cell forms in the peripheral blood.

[Clinico-experimental basis for regional and systemic administration of thiopoietins in liver cirrhosis. Report I]. / Kliniko-éksperimental'noe obosnovanie regionarnogo i sistemnogo vvedeniia preparatov gruppy tiopoétinov pri tsirroze pecheni: soobshchenie I.

The authors present results of studying the effectiveness of a new class of medicines--preparations of the group "Glutoxim" (Molixan, Redoxell, Bikvolit, Liglutin) obtained on the model of experimental cirrhosis of the liver in 76 white rats caused by dimethylnitrosamin, and describe their first experience with using thiopoietins in 24 patients with cirrhosis of the liver in a surgical clinic. It was found that three weeks of treatment with Molixan and Bikvolit gave a significant hepatoprotecting effect (less amount of the connective tissue, reduction of the dystrophic processes in hepatocytes). A positive effect of Redoxell was shown in longer time of treatment. When used in clinic therapy with thiopoietins was followed by correction of the T-cell link of immunity in most patients. One of the most important results of treatment with medicines of the group of thiopoietins was a substantial improvement of the quality of life of the patients.

[The assessment of the immune status of women exposed to the action of radiation and chemical factors]. / K otsenke immunnogo statusa zhenshchin, podvergshikhsia deistviiu radiatsionnykh i khimicheskikh faktorov.

Some results of a complex medical study of Chernobyl disaster liquidators and its contaminated catchment areas population. The immunity status of 279 women had been analyzed as compared to that of control groups of 92 women, living in similar conditions. It was found out, that long after the disaster factors' disappearance, in the women's immunity system a derangement has been noticed in the form of T-lymphocyte increased content and a suppressed functional activity of immune-competent cells, which should be born in mind at the regular medical check-ups. Long-time and low-intensive radiation usually resulted in cell and humoral immunity disorders. That in combination with chemical factors lead to a secondary immunodeficiency state development with a following pharmacological correction necessity (by cytokines).

[Change in neutrophils in liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Izmenenie neitrofilov u likvidatorov posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES

In result of own researches and analysis of the literature? the information about high sensitivity of neutrophils of peripheric blood to infringements of constancy of internal state of body, arising as reply to radiating influence, are received. Ionized radiation modulates greatly properties and functions of neutrophilic granulocytes, which are the most sensitive and high-modulated cells of non-specific resistance system. The changes of the functional-metabolic status of neutrophils in participants of liquidation of consequences of Chernobyl disaster have been saving during 10 years after influence of the extreme, including radiating, factors of failure.

[Gutron studied as an agent for preventing radiation lesions]. / Issledovanie Gutrona kak sredstva profilaktiki luchevykh porazhenii.

Experimentally, with the use of mathematical modeling, a radioprotective effect and optimum usage of alpha-adrenomimetic Gutron was shown on CBA male-mice exposed to radiation. Injections of 1 to 5 mg/kg Gutron to the mice 10 to 40 min and 1 to 4 h before the irradiation with the doses of 6 to 7.5 Gy ensured the survival rates of the exposed animals with the protection coefficient s of 0.6 to 0.7 and 0.4, respectively.

[Changes in the content and fractional composition of blood plasma nucleic acids in radiation lesions. The effect of radioprotectors]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia i fraktsionnogo sostava nukleinovykh kislot plazmy krovi pri radiatsionnykh porazheniiakh. Effekt radioprotektorov.

The content of DNA in blood plasma increased in early stages after irradiation (2 and 5 h), the low-molecular DNA (160-180 bp) being revealed as opposed to intact animals. Protection of gamma-irradiated rats by cystamine or gammaphos enhanced this phenomenon. The injections of cystamine and gammaphos to nonirradiated animals stimulated DNA ejection into blood stream in 2 h only with normalization by 5 h. Cystamine was the most effective, and in experiment with non-irradiated animals the low-molecular DNA was detected for cystamine only.

[Effect of cystamine on formation and repair of post-irradiation single-strand DNA breaks]. / Vliianie tsistamina na obrazovanie i vossoedinenie postluchevykh odnonitevykh razryvov v DNK.

Content of breaks in single-strand DNA, activity of superoxide dismutase and concentration of malonic dialdehyde were studied in blood lymphocytes of irradiation-impaired rats after treatment with cystamine. Cystamine decreased the effects of irradiation as showed all the patterns studied. The protective action exhibited by the drug in radiation shielding of DNA involved both direct and indirect effects.

[Clinical and experimental investigation on the radioprotective effect of riboxine in low-dose fractionated irradiation]. / Kliniko-éksperimentalnoe issledovanie radiozashchitnoi éffectivnosti riboksina pri fraktsionirovannom obluchenii v malykh dozakh.

In experiments with dogs (fractionated y-irradiation, accumulated dose 1Gy) as well as in clinical testing of the group of men, recieved 0,25 Gy being engaged in the Chernobyl NPS disaster repairment, the positive influence of riboxin (purine nucleoside) course treatment on parameters of peripheral blood and non-specific resistance system has bee n shown.

[Effect of riboxine on mice resistance to long-term gamma-irradiation in non-lethal dose]. / Vliianie riboksina na rezistentnost myshei k prolongirovannomu gamma-oblucheniiu v neletalnoi doze.

In experiments with mice subjected to long-term irradiation with a non-lethal dose of 4 Gy, (0.017 Gy/min), it has been shown that the number of chromosome aberrations in myelocaryocytes is reduced, the cell precursors pool in the bone marrow and the germinative epithelium are unchanged, the number of lipid radiotoxins decreases, and cell membranes are stabilized after a single dose of a purine nucleoside, riboxine (150 mg/kg, 12 h prior to irradiation).

[Changes in the system of cyclic nucleotides in irradiated body tissues]. / Izmeneniia v sisteme tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov v tkaniakh obluchennogo organizma]

It has been shown that the content of cAMP in the rat thymus, spleen, and liver 1 and 3 days after gamma-radiation with 7.5 Gy decreases, and that of cGMP increases. Analogous dynamics has been revealed when studying adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase activities. The activity of cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterases increased during the first period of study but subsequently it showed no distinction from the initial data level. The revealed postradiation changes in the content of cyclic nucleotides seem to be basically caused by the cyclases activity alterations.