UBL4A alleviates the progression of intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.

Acupuncture has obvious therapeutic effect on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). miR-34a-5p regulated by acupuncture was found to attenuate neurological deficits in ICH. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Ubiquitin Like 4A (UBL4A) has not been studied in ICH. SD rats were injected with autologous blood to induce ICH and treated with Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture. Acupuncture resulted in an increase in forelimb placing test scores, and a decrease in corner test scores and brain water content of ICH rats. Histopathological examination showed that acupuncture inhibited ICH-induced inflammation, decreased damaged neurons and increased UBL4A expression. UBL4A overexpression increased cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, reduced ROS level and increased MnSOD activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and mtDNA level in rat embryonic primary cortical neurons. miR-34a-5p knockdown increased UBL4A expression, apoptosis rate and ROS level in hemin-treated neurons. Dual luciferase assays showed that miR-34a-5p bound to UBL4A. Apoptotic cells and ROS level were increased in hemin-treated neurons with UBL4A and miR-34a-5p knockdown. We firstly demonstrate the inhibitory effect of UBL4A on neuronal apoptosis, and the regulation relationship between UBL4A and miR-34a-5p. This study provides a new candidate target for ICH treatment and more basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism of acupuncture. In the future, we will conduct a deeper exploration of the effects of UBL4A on ICH.

The cytotoxic natural compound erianin binds to colchicine site of ß-tubulin and overcomes taxane resistance.

Erianin, a natural compound derived from Dendrobium, has shown significant anticancer properties against a wide range of cancer cells. Despite the identification of multiple mechanisms of action for erianin, none of these mechanisms fully account for its broad-spectrum effect. In this study, we aimed to identify the cellular target and underlying mechanism responsible for the broad-spectrum antitumor effects of erianin. We found that erianin effectively inhibited tubulin polymerization in cancer cells and purified tubulin. Through competition binding assays and X-ray crystallography, it was revealed that erianin bound to the colchicine site of ß-tubulin. Importantly, the X-ray crystal structure of the tubulin-erianin complex was solved, providing clear insight into the orientation and position of erianin in the colchicine-binding site. Erianin showed activity against paclitaxel-resistant cells, evidenced by G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis-related PARP and Caspase-3 cleavage, and in vivo xenograft studies. The study concluded that erianin bound reversibly to the colchicine site of ß-tubulin, inhibited tubulin polymerization, and displayed anticancer activity against paclitaxel-resistant cells, offering valuable insights for further exploration as potential anticancer agents.

Solvent-Mediated, Reversible Ternary Graphite Intercalation Compounds for Extreme-Condition Li-Ion Batteries.

Traditional Li-ion intercalation chemistry into graphite anodes exclusively utilizes the cointercalation-free or cointercalation mechanism. The latter mechanism is based on ternary graphite intercalation compounds (t-GICs), where glyme solvents were explored and proved to deliver unsatisfactory cyclability in LIBs. Herein, we report a novel intercalation mechanism, that is, in situ synthesis of t-GIC in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) electrolyte via a spontaneous, controllable reaction between binary-GIC (b-GIC) and free THF molecules during initial graphite lithiation. The spontaneous transformation from b-GIC to t-GIC, which is different from conventional cointercalation chemistry, is characterized and quantified via operando synchrotron X-ray and electrochemical analyses. The resulting t-GIC chemistry obviates the necessity for complete Li-ion desolvation, facilitating rapid kinetics and synchronous charge/discharge of graphite particles, even under high current densities. Consequently, the graphite anode demonstrates unprecedented fast charging (1 min), dendrite-free low-temperature performance, and ultralong lifetimes exceeding 10 000 cycles. Full cells coupled with a layered cathode display remarkable cycling stability upon a 15 min charging and excellent rate capability even at -40 °C. Furthermore, our chemical strategies are shown to extend beyond Li-ion batteries to encompass Na-ion and K-ion batteries, underscoring their broad applicability. Our work contributes to the advancement of graphite intercalation chemistry and presents a low-cost, adaptable approach for achieving fast-charging and low-temperature batteries.

[Prophylaxis of migraine without aura of liver yang hyperactivity treated with acupuncture at the points selected using the "seven lines of the neck" method: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of prophylaxis on migraine without aura differentiated as liver yang hyperactivity undergoing acupuncture at the points selected using the "seven lines of the neck" method. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with migraine without aura of liver yang hyperactivity at remission stage were randomly divided into an observation group (29 cases, 3 cases dropped out) and a control group (29 cases, 4 cases dropped out). In the observation group, acupuncture was delivered at Dazhui (GV 14), Fengfu (GV 16), bilateral Fengchi (GB 20), Gongxue (Extra), etc., selected using the "seven lines of the neck" method. In the control group, conventional acupuncture was applied to ashi point, Sizhukong (TE 23), Shuaigu (GB 8), Taiyang (EX-HN 5) and others on the affected side. The treatment was given once every other day or every two days, 3 interventions weekly, for consecutive 8 weeks. Before treatment, after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, and after 4 weeks of treatment completion (follow-up visit), the days of migraine episodes, the frequency of migraine episodes, the score of visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain intensity, and the score of migraine specific quality of life questionnaire (MSQ) were observed in the patients of the two groups. Before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment, the score of TCM syndrome was observed. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment completion (follow-up visit), the response rates of 50% reduction in the days and the frequency of migraine episodes were calculated in the two groups. RESULTS: After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment and during follow-up visit, the days and the frequency of migraine episodes were decreased (P<0.01) and VAS scores were declined (P<0.01) when compared with those before treatment in the two groups. The days and the frequency of migraine episodes in the observation group were lower during the follow-up visit (P<0.05) and VAS scores were lower after 8 weeks of treatment and during the follow-up visit (P<0.05) when compared with those in the control group. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, and during follow-up visit, the scores of "role function-preventive" and "emotional function" of MSQ were increased in comparison with those before treatment in the observation group (P<0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment and during the follow-up visit, the scores of "role function-restrictive" of MSQ were increased in comparison with those before treatment in the observation group (P<0.05), and the scores of "role function-restrictive" "role function-preventive" and "emotional function" were higher when compared with those before treatment in the control group (P<0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the scores of TCM syndrome were decreased in comparison with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01). In the observation group, the response rate of 50% reduction in the days of migraine episodes after 8 weeks of treatment and that of the frequency of migraine episodes during the follow-up visit were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture at the points selected using the "seven lines of the neck" method can reduce the days and frequency of migraine episodes and pain intensity, ameliorate the syndrome of TCM and improve the quality of life of the patients with migraine without aura of liver yang hyperactivity.

Trends in acupuncture for infertility: a scoping review with bibliometric and visual analysis.

Background: Unexplained recurrent implantation failure and the high cost of assisted reproductive techniques for those experiencing infertility have increasingly resulted in the use of acupuncture. However, the trends and research status of acupuncture on infertility resulting in natural conception have not been systematically summarized. This scoping review and knowledge graph analysis aimed to summarize existing clinical studies on acupuncture for infertility that resulted in natural conception. Methods: Seven databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, and SinoMed, were searched up to August 2023 (updated on 1 April). Two authors independently identified related clinical studies and systematic reviews, and extracted data from included studies on acupuncture for infertility; any discrepancies were resolved by discussion or judged by a third author. A meta-analysis was conducted based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and data were synthesized using risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of the 310 articles meeting the inclusion criteria, 274 were primary studies, 7 were systematic reviews, and 29 were case reports. Reported adverse events included mild ovarian irritation and early signs of miscarriage. Out of the 274 primary studies, there were 40 (14.60%) cases of male infertility and 234 (85.40%) cases of female infertility. Current research highlights on acupuncture for infertility focused on female infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome, ovulation disorder, and luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUFS), while acupuncture for male infertility was a hotspot in the early research stage. The meta-analysis also suggested that acupuncture was more effective than human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) [RR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.47, 2.42), 11 RCTs, 662 participants]. Acupuncture combined with HCG was comparable to HCG [RR = 2.33, 95% CI (1.53, 3.55), four RCTs, 259 participants]. Compared with no treatment, acupuncture resulted in a higher pregnancy rate [RR = 22.12, 95% CI (1.39, 353.09), one RCT, 47 participants]. There was no statistical difference between acupuncture combined with HCG plus letrozole and HCG plus letrozole [RR = 1.56, 95% CI (0.84, 2.89), one RCT, 84 participants]. Conclusion: Current research highlights on acupuncture for infertility resulting in natural conception focused on female infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome, ovulation disorder, and LUFS, while studies on male infertility and female infertility caused by blockage in the fallopian tube, thin endometrium, and other factors were insufficient. Well-designed confirmatory clinical studies are still needed as the research hypotheses of most studies were unclear.

Effect of acupuncture intervention time on the therapeutic effect in patients with sudden hearing loss. / é’ˆåˆºä»‹å ¥æ—¶æœºå¯¹çªå‘æ€§è‹æ‚£è€ ç–—æ•ˆçš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture intervention at different time for patients with sudden hearing loss. METHODS: According to the timing of acupuncture intervention, 86 patients were divided into early exposure group (n=43) and late exposure group (n=43) . The early exposure group was given acupuncture treatment within 14 days of onset, and the late exposure group was given acupuncture treatment after 14 days of onset. After propensity score matching (PSM, a statistical matching technique for observational data) processing by using SPSS26.0 software, outcomes of 30 cases in the early exposure group and 30 cases in the late exposure group were analyzed. In addition to receiving basic treatment with drugs for vascular dilatation, thrombolysis, nourishing nerve, etc., all patients of the two groups were treated with neck acupuncture ("Neck Seven Meridian Lines" acupuncture), once every other day except Sundays, for a total of 12 time. Before, after the treatment and 3 months after the treatment, the total score of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI, 0, 2 and 4 points for each of the 25 items, total scores = 100 points) scale was used to evaluate the improvement of tinnitus symptoms caused by hearing loss. The clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the efficacy grading criteria in the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Sudden Deafness (2015) and the changes of pure tone audiometry curve. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of factors that might influence efficacy before propensity score matching. RESULTS: The THI scores of patients in both groups decreased strikingly after the treatment and 3 months' follow-up (P<0.05). Compared with the same time-points of the late exposure group, the total THI scores of post-treatment and 3 months' follow-up were evidently lower in the early exposure group (P<0.05). The effective rate of the early exposure group (22/30, 80.00%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the late exposure group (16/30, 53.33%). The classification of sudden deafness and the application of traditional Chinese medicine in this study were not independent factors affecting the total effective rate. CONCLUSIONS: The time point of acupuncture intervention is an important factor affecting the effect on hearing and tinnitus disability of patients with sudden deafness. The earlier acupuncture treatment is accepted, the better the therapeutic effect is.

The association between urinary incontinence and suicidal ideation: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence (UI) might be linked to suicidal ideation, but we do not yet have all the relevant details. This study aimed to dig deeper into the connection between UI and suicidal ideation using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: We examined 31,891 participants aged ≥ 20 years from NHANES 2005-2018 who provided complete information. We used standardized surveys to check for UI and signs of suicidal ideation. To better understand this relationship, we used statistical tools such as multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Among the 31,891 participants, 28.9% reported UI and 10.7% reported suicidal ideation. Those with UI exhibited a significantly greater incidence of suicidal ideation (15.5%) than did those without UI (8.8%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for various factors, including age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, educational level, lifestyle factors, and chronic comorbidities, UI remained significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR:1.54, 95% CI = 1.39-1.7, P < 0.001). Among all types of UI, MUI participants were more likely to experience suicidal ideation. Compared with no UI, higher odds of suicidal ideation suffered from MUI (OR:2.11, 95%CI:1.83-2.44, P < 0.001), SUI (OR:1.4, 95%CI:1.19-1.65, P < 0.001), UUI(OR:1.37,95%CI:1.16-1.62, P < 0.001) after full adjustment. With the exception of individuals living with a partner, the remaining subgroups exhibited a positive correlation between urinary incontinence and suicidal ideation, considering that factors such as age, sex, and prevalent comorbidities such as hypertension, depression, and diabetes did not reveal any statistically significant interactions (all P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses, incorporating imputed missing covariates, did not substantially alter the results (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.4-1.68, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Urinary incontinence may correlate with increased suicidal ideation risk, priority screening for suicidal ideation and timely intervention are essential for individuals with urinary incontinence, but prospective studies are needed to verify the results.

TRIM25 predominately associates with anti-viral stress granules.

Stress granules (SGs) are induced by various environmental stressors, resulting in their compositional and functional heterogeneity. SGs play a crucial role in the antiviral process, owing to their potent translational repressive effects and ability to trigger signal transduction; however, it is poorly understood how these antiviral SGs differ from SGs induced by other environmental stressors. Here we identify that TRIM25, a known driver of the ubiquitination-dependent antiviral innate immune response, is a potent and critical marker of the antiviral SGs. TRIM25 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and co-condenses with the SG core protein G3BP1 in a dsRNA-dependent manner. The co-condensation of TRIM25 and G3BP1 results in a significant enhancement of TRIM25's ubiquitination activity towards multiple antiviral proteins, which are mainly located in SGs. This co-condensation is critical in activating the RIG-I signaling pathway, thus restraining RNA virus infection. Our studies provide a conceptual framework for better understanding the heterogeneity of stress granule components and their response to distinct environmental stressors.

Progress of researches on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. / é’ˆç¸æ²»ç–—è °æ¤Žé—´ç›˜çªå‡ºç—‡ä½œç”¨æœºåˆ¶ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH) is a common and frequently-occurring disease, which usually causes lumbar and leg pain. Studies have shown that acupuncture can improve the symptoms of LDH patients. In the present paper, we summarize the progress of researches on the mechanisms of acupuncture underlying improvement of symptoms of LDH in recent 10 years from 1) delaying the intervertibral disc degeneration (by down-regulating the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase ï¼»MMPï¼½-3 and MMP-4, up-regulating the expressions of diosaccharides and polyglycoprotein, inhibiting apoptosis and promoting mitochondrial autophagy of nucleus pulposus cells, etc.), 2) maintaining spinal column stability (by relieving rachiasmus and improving lumbar flexor and extensor muscle strength, lowering the degree of polyfidus edema and fat infiltration, and restoring the biomechanics of the spine), 3) regulating inflammation (by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory factors and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory factors, etc.), 4) regulating immune response (by promoting the activity of T cells and other immune cells, lowering serum levels of MMP-3, transforming growth factor-ß1 and prostaglandin E2, raising serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgM to improve immune function ), 5) modulating neural structure and function (by promoting myelin regeneration of sciatic nerve fibers, and reducing the edema of Schwann cells' cytoplasm and mitochondria, and improving neural ultrastructure, and sensory and motor functions of peripheral nerves, etc.), 6) relieving lumbar pain (by down-regulating expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and activation of lumbar spinal cord glial cells, blocking nociceptive signal conduction, regulating the levels of pain-related factors, etc.), and 7) improving local microcirculation. These results may provide scientific evidence for acupuncture treatment of LDH.

Skiing economy and kinematic during a field double poling roller skiing among novice and experienced cross-country skiers.

To assess the skiing economy (SE) and kinematics during double poling (DP) roller skiing between two groups of skiers in a field setting. Five experienced and five novice male skiers performed a SEDP test at 16 km∙h-1 on an outdoor athletics track. Gas exchange parameters were measured to determine SEDP. A two-dimensional video was filmed to measure the kinematics variables. Experienced skiers exhibited a 21% lower oxygen cost than novice skiers (p = 0.016) in DP, indicating a strong association between SEDP, cycle length and cycle rate (p < 0.001). Additionally, before the poling phase, experienced skiers manifested significantly greater maximum hip and knee extension angles than novice skiers (p < 0.001). During the poling phase, experienced skiers with a greater pole plant angle (p = 0.001), longer flexion time (p < 0.001) and higher flexion angular velocity in the elbow joint (p < 0.05) demonstrated better SEDP. There was an interaction effect of the one-repetition maximum bench press × group in SEDP (b = - 0.656, SE = 0.097, t = - 6.78, p = 0.001). Therefore, experienced skiers with better SEDP demonstrated more efficient cycles, potentially accomplished using dynamic full-body DP motion to ascertain effective propulsion. Combined upper body strength and ski-specific skill training may enhance SEDP in novice skiers.

Mesoporous Single Atom-Cluster Fe-N/C Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts Synthesized with Bottlebrush Block Copolymer-Templated Rapid Thermal Annealing.

Current electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are either expensive (such as IrO2, RuO2) or/and exhibit high overpotential as well as sluggish kinetics. This article reports mesoporous earth-abundant iron (Fe)-nitrogen (N) doped carbon electrocatalysts with iron clusters and closely surrounding Fe-N4 active sites. Unique to this work is that the mechanically stable mesoporous carbon-matrix structure (79 nm in pore size) with well-dispersed nitrogen-coordinated Fe single atom-cluster is synthesized via rapid thermal annealing (RTA) within only minutes using a self-assembled bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP) melamine-formaldehyde resin composite template. The resulting porous structure and domain size can be tuned with the degree of polymerization of the BBCP backbone, which increases the electrochemically active surface area and improves electron transfer and mass transport for an effective OER process. The optimized electrocatalyst shows a required potential of 1.48 V (versus RHE) to obtain the current density of 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH aqueous electrolyte and a small Tafel slope of 55 mV/decade at a given overpotential of 250 mV, which is significantly lower than recently reported earth-abundant electrocatalysts. Importantly, the Fe single-atom nitrogen coordination environment facilitates the surface reconstruction into a highly active oxyhydroxide under OER conditions, as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy, while the atomic clusters boost the single atoms reactive sites to prevent demetalation during the OER process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support that the iron nitrogen environment and reconstructed oxyhydroxides are electrocatalytically active sites as the kinetics barrier is largely reduced. This work has opened a new avenue for simple, rapid synthesis of inexpensive, earth-abundant, tailorable, mechanically stable, mesoporous carbon-coordinated single-atom electrocatalysts that can be used for renewable energy production.

Elastic acupuncture needle: a set of one-piece elastic double-blind placebo acupuncture. / Elasticé’ˆå ·ï¼šä¸€å¥—ä¸€ä½“å¼å¯å¼¹ç¼©åŒç›²å®‰æ °é’ˆ.

The Elastic acupuncture needle, a set of clinical device used in randomized controlled trials of acupuncture is developed, which may potentially obtain the double-blind placebo control. This kind of acupuncture device consists of a real needle and a sham one (placebo needle) with a identical appearance. Either of the needle is composed of an integrated cap-type handle and needle body, and a sterile double-sided adhesive pad is designed on the bottom for fixation. A spring with miniature low profile is built in sham needle. During operation, the real needle can be normally inserted, while the sham one be retracted because of the elasticity generated by the pressure on the skin, but deqi can still be felt by patients whenever the force difference between the skin and the spring reaches a certain balance. The rubber pad designed in this acupuncture needle can simulate the "resistance" felt by operators during needle insertion so that the double blinding is actualized in terms of the appearance and sensations.

Behavioral and molecular response of the insect parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae to plant volatiles.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) use the chemical cues emitted by insects and insect-damaged plants to locate their hosts. Steinernema carpocapsae, a species of EPN, is an established biocontrol agent used against insect pests. Despite its promising potential, the molecular mechanisms underlying its ability to detect plant volatiles remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the response of S. carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs) to 8 different plant volatiles. Among these, carvone was found to be the most attractive volatile compound. To understand the molecular basis of the response of IJs to carvone, we used RNA-Seq technology to identify gene expression changes in response to carvone treatment. Transcriptome analysis revealed 721 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between carvone-treated and control groups, with 403 genes being significantly upregulated and 318 genes downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the responsive DEGs to carvone attraction were mainly involved in locomotion, localization, behavior, response to stimulus, and olfactory transduction. We also identified four upregulated genes of chemoreceptor and response to stimulus that were involved in the response of IJs to carvone attraction. Our results provide insights into the potential transcriptional mechanisms underlying the response of S. carpocapsae to carvone, which can be utilized to develop environmentally friendly strategies for attracting EPNs.

Unlocking regioselective meta-alkylation with epoxides and oxetanes via dynamic kinetic catalyst control.

Regioselective arene C-H bond alkylation is a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry, yet subject to many challenges. Herein, we report the meta-C-H bond alkylation of aromatics bearing N-directing groups using (hetero)aromatic epoxides as alkylating agents. This method results in complete regioselectivity on both the arene as well as the epoxide coupling partners, cleaving exclusively the benzylic C-O bond. Oxetanes, which are normally unreactive, also participate as alkylating reagents under the reaction conditions. Our mechanistic studies reveal an unexpected reversible epoxide ring opening process undergoing catalyst-controlled regioselection, as key for the observed high regioselectivities.

Cevipabulin induced abnormal tubulin protofilaments polymerization by binding to Vinblastine site and The Seventh site.

Microtubules, composed of αß-tubulin heterodimers, are crucial targets for chemotherapeutic agents and possess eight binding sites. Our previous study identified cevipabulin as the only one agent capable of simultaneously binding to two different sites (Vinblastine site and The Seventh site). Binding to The Seventh site by cevipabulin induces tubulin degradation. This study aimed to investigate whether it is binding to the Vinblastine site and The Seventh site exhibited an interactive cellular effect. Surprisingly, we discovered that cevipabulin induced abnormal tubulin protofilaments polymerization, a previously undefined tubulin morphology, and we proved it was an interactive effect of Cevipabulin's binding to both Vinblastine site and The Seventh site. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy confirmed cevipabulin induced the formation of linear tubulin protofilaments and their subsequent aggregation into irregular tubulin aggregates. Competition binding assays and the αY224G mutation revealed that binding of cevipabulin to both sites was necessary for the tubulin protofilaments polymerization effect. Moreover, we found that co-treatment with a microtubule stabilization agent binding the Vinblastine site and a microtubule destabilization agent binding at the intra-dimer interface of tubulin could also induce similar tubulin protofilaments polymerization. We proposed a mechanism where a microtubule stabilization agent on the Vinblastine site enhances longitudinal interactions between tubulin dimers, while, a microtubule destabilization agent binding at the intra-dimer interface prevents the adoption of a straight conformation of the tubulin dimer and disrupts lateral interactions between tubulins, consequently leading to tubulin protofilaments polymerization. This study reported a new inhibitor-induced-tubulin-morphology-change and would provide insight into tubulin dynamic instability and also guide further study of cevipabulin.

Assessment of groundwater reservoir and the influence of its characteristics on water dynamic control.

Groundwater reservoirs play an important role in regional water volume balance. In order to ensure the efficiency of a groundwater reservoir and obtain its maximum value, it is necessary to figure out its characteristics, such as minimum water level, normal water level, and maximum water level. The characteristics not only determined the storage capacity but also influenced the water allocation and utilization. Therefore, this paper took a groundwater reservoir built in an alluvial fan as an example to assess its storage capacity and the influence on water dynamic control. The alluvial fan was located in the front of Lao River, where there were an alluvial-diluvial fan, groundwater storage space, and natural impervious boundary. Therefore, it was an ideal place for constructing a groundwater reservoir. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the storage capacity was determined, and the influence of groundwater reservoir characteristics on water dynamic control was analyzed. On this basis, the water-supply method in the research area was confirmed. This paper will present a new method for repairing the groundwater system and protecting the ecological environment.

Public health impact of 2-, 4-, and 9-valent HPV vaccination in females on cervical and noncervical diseases in men and women under different coverage scenarios in China: A simulation study.

The high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in China suggests there would be a substantial positive health impact of widespread vaccination against HPV. We adapted a previously described dynamic transmission model of the natural history of HPV infection and related diseases to the Chinese setting to estimate the public health impact in China of 2-valent (with and without cross-protection), 4-valent, and 9-valent HPV vaccination strategies. The model predicted the incidence and mortality associated with HPV-related diseases, including cervical and noncervical cancers, genital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), based on the various vaccination coverage rate (VCR) scenarios, over a 100-year time horizon. The public health impact of the 4 vaccination strategies was estimated in terms of cases and deaths averted compared to a scenario with no vaccination. Under the assumption of various primary and catch-up VCR scenarios, all 4 vaccination strategies reduced the incidence of cervical cancer in females and noncervical cancers in both sexes, and the 4-valent and 9-valent vaccines reduced the incidence of genital warts and RRP in both sexes. The 9-valent vaccination strategy was superior on all outcomes. The number of cervical cancer cases averted over 100 years ranged from ~ 1 million to ~ 5 million while the number of cervical cancer deaths averted was ~ 345,000 to ~ 1.9 million cases, depending on the VCR scenario. The VCR for primary vaccination was the major driver of cases averted.

A Study of the Training Load of Chinese Men Cross-Country Skiers in the Winter Olympic / Un estudio de la carga de entrenamiento de los esquiadores de fondo chinos en los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno

This study examines the training load and performance of Chinese male cross-country skiers in preparation for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The research aims to establish a solid foundation for organising training loads and managing competitive readiness in Chinese cross-country skiing competitions. The study used quantitative data from four Chinese male athletes during the preparation period for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games in 2021. The Garmin 945 heart rate monitor was used to observe and document the training load, including factors such as training content, duration, distance, intensity level, and timing. The index test method was employed to assess the athletes' blood index at biweekly intervals. The Chinese skiers underwent a general preparation period that lasted 164 days, a special preparation period that lasted 70 days, and a pre-competition period that lasted 26 days. The overall training volume exceeded that of world-class athletes, with a notable emphasis on terrestrial training. The prevalence of endurance training was lower in comparison to world-class athletes, with a greater emphasis on strength training. The training intensity exhibited a modest increase, with a distribution pattern of low, medium, and high levels of intensity. The frequency of training and land training declined from the general preparation period to the pre-competition period, while the frequency of snow training increased. The intensity of the competition arrangement during the special preparation period was heightened.(AU)

Highly Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Self-Assembled Colloidal Quantum Wells.

Nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes (Nc-LEDs) have immense potential for next-generation high-definition displays and lighting applications. They offer numerous advantages, such as low cost, high luminous efficiency, narrow emission, and long lifetime. However, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of Nc-LEDs, typically employing isotropic nanocrystals, is limited by the out-coupling factor. Here efficient, bright, and long lifetime red Nc-LEDs based on anisotropic nanocrystals of colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) are demonstrated. Through modification of the substrate's surface properties and control of the interactions among CQWs, a self-assembled layer with an exceptionally high distribution of in-plane transitions dipole moment of 95%, resulting in an out-coupling factor of 37% is successfully spin-coated. The devices exhibit a remarkable peak EQE of 26.9%, accompanied by a maximum brightness of 55 754 cd m-2 and a long operational lifetime (T95 @100 cd m-2 ) over 15 000 h. These achievements represent a significant advancement compared to previous studies on Nc-LEDs incorporating anisotropic nanocrystals. The work is expected to provide a general self-assembly strategy for enhancing the light extraction efficiency of Nc-LEDs based on anisotropic nanocrystals.