Identification of common differential genes in three animal models of diabetic nephropathy / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveAnimal model is an important means to study the pathogenesis and drug therapy of diabetic nephropathy. In this paper, the techniques of bioinformatics were used to analyze the common susceptibility genes and pathways in the kidneys of three diabetic nephropathy animal models of BKS db/db, BKS eNOS-/db/db and DBA-STZ3, so as to discover new and important genes and pathways, thus providing new ideas for the study of the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.MethodsThe GSE33744 dataset was downloaded from the GEO database, and the differential genes of three animal models of diabetic nephropathy were analyzed by Limma package in R language. The genes differentially expressed in all models were obtained by intersection, and were then analyzed by GO, KEGG and PPI networks and screened for key genes and pathways.Results144 genes were differentially expressed in three animal models of diabetic nephropathy. GO analysis showed that these genes were enriched in the cell membrane and extracellular regions; in biological processes such as innate immune response, oxidation-reduction process and immune system process; and in molecular functions such as oxidoreductase activity, carbohydrate binding and heme binding. KEGG analysis indicated that the differential genes were enriched in signaling pathways such as PPAR signaling pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, butyric acid metabolism and circadian rhythm. PPI network analysis suggested that Cd68, Ccl6, Fcer1g, Tyrobp, Clec4n, Lyz2, Ms4a6d, Ly86, Ctss, Cfp and Mpeg1 may be the key genes in the development of diabetic nephropathy.ConclusionSome genes and signaling pathways are altered in multiple kidneys of the diabetic animal models, suggesting that these genes and pathways play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

[Combination products: a new model of medical devices].

A combination product is a new model of the medical product that incorporates at least two of the regulated component categories of device, drug, or biological product into one product. It has become a new hot point within the development of devices and drugs, and has brought about a new opportunity for device and drug industries and a new challenge for administration too. In the paper, the properties of combination products are summed up and the impact on device and drug industries are discussed.

[Non-equilibrium properties of drug permeation through stratum corneum in vitro].

AIM: To illustrate the non-equilibrium properties of drug permeation through stratum corneum (SC) to provide theory and method for transdermal drug delivery. METHODS: The system of side-by-side permeation chambers in vitro was isolated, thus conditions for equilibrium state were decided. And a network thermodynamic model was established. Non-equilibrium and leakage experiments were completed with which tinidazole was pattern drug. RESULTS: The properties of non-equilibrium including: long term to reach equilibrium state; delay-start of the permeation; uncertainty of initial drug permeable flux. The properties of leakage including: degression of drug permeable flux; changeability of permeation time constant. CONCLUSION: The permeation cell is believed to be a non-linear and time variable system.