RÉSUMÉ
Immunity acquired by vaccination following infection, termed hybrid immunity, has been shown to confer enhanced protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by enhancing the breadth and potency of immune responses. Here, we assess Fc-mediated humoral profiles in hybrid immunity and their association with age and vaccine type. Participants are divided into three groups: infection only, vaccination only, and vaccination following infection (i.e., hybrid immunity). Using systems serology, we profile humoral immune responses against spikes and subdomains of SARS-CoV-2 variants. We find that hybrid immunity is characterized by superior Fc receptor binding and natural killer (NK) cell-, neutrophil-, and complement-activating antibodies, which is higher than what can be expected from the sum of the vaccination and infection. These differences between hybrid immunity and vaccine-induced immunity are more pronounced in aged adults, especially for immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, IgG2, and Fcγ receptor-binding antibodies. Our findings suggest that vaccination strategies that aim to mimic hybrid immunity should consider age as an important modifier.
Sujet(s)
Anticorps antiviraux , Vaccins contre la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Immunité humorale , SARS-CoV-2 , Vaccination , Humains , COVID-19/immunologie , COVID-19/prévention et contrôle , COVID-19/virologie , SARS-CoV-2/immunologie , Anticorps antiviraux/immunologie , Anticorps antiviraux/sang , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Immunité humorale/immunologie , Sujet âgé , Femelle , Mâle , Vaccins contre la COVID-19/immunologie , Vaccins contre la COVID-19/administration et posologie , Immunoglobuline G/immunologie , Immunoglobuline G/sang , Facteurs âges , Récepteur Fc/immunologie , Récepteur Fc/métabolisme , Cellules tueuses naturelles/immunologie , Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus/immunologie , Récepteurs du fragment Fc des IgG/métabolisme , Récepteurs du fragment Fc des IgG/immunologie , Jeune adulte , Fragments Fc des immunoglobulines/immunologie , Granulocytes neutrophiles/immunologieRÉSUMÉ
Background: The bivalent COVID-19 mRNA boosters became available in fall 2022 and were recommended alongside the seasonal influenza vaccine. However, the immunogenicity of concurrent vs separate administration of these vaccines remains unclear. Methods: Here, we analyzed antibody responses in health care workers who received the bivalent COVID-19 booster and the influenza vaccine on the same day or on different days through systems serology. Antibody-binding and functional responses were characterized at peak responses and after 6 months following vaccination. Results: IgG1 and neutralization responses to SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 were higher at peak and after 6 months following concurrent administration as compared with separate administration of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. While similar results were not observed for influenza responses, no interference was noted with concurrent administration. Conclusions: These data suggest that concurrent administration of these vaccines may yield higher and more durable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses while maintaining responses against influenza.
RÉSUMÉ
The bivalent COVID-19 mRNA boosters became available in fall 2022 and were recommended alongside the seasonal influenza vaccine. However, the immunogenicity of concurrent versus separate administration of these vaccines remains unclear. Here, we analyzed antibody responses in healthcare workers who received the bivalent COVID-19 booster and the influenza vaccine on the same day or different days. IgG1 responses to SARS-CoV-2 Spike were higher at peak immunogenicity and 6 months following concurrent administration compared with separate administration of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. These data suggest that concurrent administration of these vaccines may yield higher and more durable SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses.