Ohmic heating treatment in high-protein vanilla flavored milk: Quality, processing factors, and biological activity.

The processing of high-protein vanilla-flavored milk was performed under different electric field strengths of ohmic heating (5.22 V/cm, OH6; 6.96 V/cm, OH8; 8.70 V/cm, OH10; 10.43 V/cm, OH12) to evaluate the energy consumption, processing parameters, and microbiological, rheological, and biological aspects, compared with the sample submitted to conventional pasteurization (PAST, 72 °C/15 s). All samples showed higher than 12 g/100 mL of protein, consisting of high-protein content products. In addition, Ohmic Heating (OH) generated lower energy expenditure and more significant microbial inactivation of lactic acid bacteria, molds and yeasts, total mesophiles, and psychotropics. Furthermore, OH at lower electric field strengths, mainly OH8, improved anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-hypertensive activities and rheological properties, and resulted in lower hydroxymethylfurfural contents, and higher whey protein nitrogen index. The results suggest that OH is a technology that can be used in flavored milk with high-protein content, being recommended an electric field strength of 6.96 V/cm. However, more studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of OH on high-protein dairy products, mainly by studying other OH processing parameters.

Properties of Streptococcus thermophilus fermented milk containing variable concentrations of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus

Sensory evaluation and analysis of pH, titratable acidity and microbial counts after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage of five combinations of lyophilized Bifidobacterium longum and/or Lactobacillus acidophilus added to milk fermented with Streptococcus thermophilus were studied during storage at 4ºC. The taste and acidity sensory attributes were significantly (P 0.05) perceived as the storage time increased. Favourite combinations contained, initially, Bif. longum and L. acidophilus (10(8) and 10(7) cfu/mL, respectively) and Bif. longum only (10(8) cfu/mL). These combinations did not differ significantly among them and neither from the standard fermented milk. The lowest sensory scores and highest titratable acidity values were obtained for fermented milk added of L. acidophilus (10(8) cfu/mL initial concentration). During the 21 days of storage at 4ºC the viable cell counts of: Str. thermophilus did not change. Bif. longum viable cells counts kept constant or reduced 1 logarithmic cycle and L. acidophilus reduced 1 or 2 logarithmic cycle. We did not observe inhibition of over-acidification caused by the presence of bifidobacteria or L. acidophilus.

Foram estudadas as características sensoriais, de pH e acidez de cinco combinações de leites fermentados por Streptococcus thermophilus, adicionados de Bifidobacterium longum e/ou Lactobacillus acidophilus liofilizados. Os efeitos sobre as características sensoriais tornaram-se significantes (p 0,05) com o aumento do tempo de estocagem. As combinações favoritas continham, inicialmente, Bif. longum e L. acidophilus (10(8) e 10(7)ufc/mL, respectivamente) e Bif. longum apenas (10(8)ufc/mL). Estas combinações não diferiram significativamente do leite fermentado padrão, nem entre si. As notas mais baixas e os maiores valores de acidez titulável foram apresentados pelo leite fermentado por Streptococcus thermophilus contendo apenas L. acidophilus (10(8)ufc/mL, concentração inicial). Durante 21 dias de estocagem a 4ºC, as contagens de células viáveis de Str. thermophilus não mudaram, as de Bif. longum mantiveram-se constantes ou reduziram em um ciclo logarítmico e, as de L. acidophilus reduziram de 1 a 2 ciclos logarítmicos. Não foi observada inibição da pós-acidificação resultante da presença de bifidobactéria ou L. acidophilus.