Generation of cylindrical vector modes via astigmatic mode conversion.

In this work, we propose and demonstrate experimentally a compact technique for generating cylindrical vector beams based on a Michelson interferometer and a π-astigmatic mode converter. The latter is required to invert the topological charge of higher-order Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams. Our proposed technique generalizes the use of astigmatic mode conversion, commonly associated only with scalar beams, to vector beams with a non-homogeneous polarization distribution. We anticipate that many applications based on Michelson interferometers will benefit from the unique properties of vector beams.

Associations of the glycaemic index and the glycaemic load with risk of type 2 diabetes in 127 594 people from 20 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The association between the glycaemic index and the glycaemic load with type 2 diabetes incidence is controversial. We aimed to evaluate this association in an international cohort with diverse glycaemic index and glycaemic load diets. METHODS: The PURE study is a prospective cohort study of 127 594 adults aged 35-70 years from 20 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries. Diet was assessed at baseline using country-specific validated food frequency questionnaires. The glycaemic index and the glycaemic load were estimated on the basis of the intake of seven categories of carbohydrate-containing foods. Participants were categorised into quintiles of glycaemic index and glycaemic load. The primary outcome was incident type 2 diabetes. Multivariable Cox Frailty models with random intercepts for study centre were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). FINDINGS: During a median follow-up of 11·8 years (IQR 9·0-13·0), 7326 (5·7%) incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred. In multivariable adjusted analyses, a diet with a higher glycaemic index was significantly associated with a higher risk of diabetes (quintile 5 vs quintile 1; HR 1·15 [95% CI 1·03-1·29]). Participants in the highest quintile of the glycaemic load had a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes compared with those in the lowest quintile (HR 1·21, 95% CI 1·06-1·37). The glycaemic index was more strongly associated with diabetes among individuals with a higher BMI (quintile 5 vs quintile 1; HR 1·23 [95% CI 1·08-1·41]) than those with a lower BMI (quintile 5 vs quintile 1; 1·10 [0·87-1·39]; p interaction=0·030). INTERPRETATION: Diets with a high glycaemic index and a high glycaemic load were associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a multinational cohort spanning five continents. Our findings suggest that consuming low glycaemic index and low glycaemic load diets might prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. FUNDING: Full funding sources are listed at the end of the Article.

Industrial Metaverse for Smart Manufacturing: Model, Architecture, and Applications.

Smart manufacturing has been transforming toward industrial digitalization integrated with various advanced technologies. Metaverse has been evolving as a next-generation paradigm of a digital space extended and augmented by reality. In the metaverse, users are interconnected for various virtual activities. In consideration of advanced possibilities that may be brought by the metaverse, it is envisioned that industrial metaverse should be integrated into smart manufacturing to upgrade industry for more visible, intelligent and efficient production in the future. Therefore, a conceptual model, named IMverse Model, and novel characteristics of the industrial metaverse for smart manufacturing are proposed in this article. Besides, an industrial metaverse architecture, named IMverse Architecture, is proposed involving several key enabling technologies. Typical innovative applications of the industrial metaverse throughout the whole product life cycle for smart manufacturing are presented with insights. Nonetheless, in prospect of future, the industrial metaverse still faces limitations and is far from implementation. Thus, challenges and open issues of the industrial metaverse for smart manufacturing are discussed, then outlook is provided for further research and application.

Study of CT angiography and clinical features of Takayasu's arteritis with peripheral artery involvement / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the computed tomography angiography(CTA)and clinical features of Takayasu's arteritis(TA)with peripheral artery involvement.Methods In this retrospective study,CTA scan was performed in a total of 184 TA patients.TA patients were divided into two groups:60 patients within peripheral artery involvement(peripheral artery involvement group)and 124 patients without peripheral artery involvement(peripheral artery non-involvement group).The difference in comparison of clini-cal data and CTA findings were analyzed.Results A total of 194 peripheral arteries were involved in 60 patients.The most suscep-tible peripheral artery were axillary artery(52,26.8％),middle cerebral artery(26,13.4％)and femoral artery(22,11.3％).In the peripheral artery involvement group,the most common CTA manifestation was luminal stenosis(141,72.7％).The lumen dilata-tion,lumen stenosis with dilatation and wall calcification were not easy to be observed.The age and duration of disease in peripheral artery involvement group were significantly greater than those in peripheral artery non-involvement group(P＜0.05).The proportion of the peripheral artery involvement group in the active phase was significantly lower than that of the peripheral artery non-involvement group(P＜0.05).The incidence of pain in the limbs in peripheral artery involvement group was significantly higher than that in peripheral artery non-involvement group(P＜0.05).The utilization rate of tocilizumab in the peripheral artery involvement group was significantly higher than that in the peripheral artery non-involvement group(P＜0.05).Conclusion TA involving peripheral arteries is more common in patients with a long course of disease and in the inactive phase.Patients are prone to pain in their limbs.The CT A manifestations of these patients are also special,that is,the involved peripheral arteries are not prone to lumen dilatation and wall calcification.

Predictive value of atrial volume and strain parameters for disease progression in patients with different types of atrial fibrillation / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the cardiac morphological and functional parameters of patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (per-AF) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE), and to explore their predictive value for the occurrence and progression of atrial fibrillation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 30 per-AF patients (per-AF group), 30 PAF patients (PAF group) and 25 non-AF subjects (control group) who underwent echocardiography at Wuhan University People′s Hospital from May 2022 to May 2023. The left/right atrial longitudinal strain of reservoir, conduct and contraction (LASr/RASr, LAScd/RAScd, LASct/RASct), and calculated left atrial stiffness (LASI) were assessed by 2D-STE. Three-dimensional left and right atrial maximum volume index (LAVImax/RAVImax), minimum volume index (LAVImin/RAVImin) and emptying fraction (LAEF/RAEF) were obtained by RT-3DE. Then, patients with atrial fibrillation were divided into the normal LAVI group and enlarged LAVI group, and the differences of atrial strain among each group were compared. ROC curve was used to evaluate the overall diagnostic efficiency and cutoff values of ultrasonic parameters in patients with normal volume of atrial fibrillation. Finally, a multivariate Logistic regression model was established to identify the ultrasonic parameters associated with the occurrence and progression of different types of atrial fibrillation.Results:①Structurally, LAD, RAD and RAVImin in control, PAF and per-AF groups increased gradually, while LAEF and RAEF decreased gradually (all P<0.05). ②In terms of strain, LASr in control, PAF and per-AF groups decreased gradually (all P<0.05); Compared with the control group, LAScd, RASr and RAScd in PAF and per-AF groups were significantly decreased, and LASct and RASct in PAF group were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). ③Compared with the normal LAVI group, the LASr, LAScd and LASct in the enlarged LAVI group were significantly decreased, while LASI was significantly increased (all P<0.05); Compared with control group, the left and right atrial strain parameters in LAVI normal group were decreased, and LASI was increased (all P<0.05). The atrial strain parameter ROC was constructed in all subjects with normal left atrial volume, and RASr was the most sensitive indicator.④Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that LAVImin and RASr were the influence factors of PAF ( OR=1.521, 0.907; 95% CI=1.173-1.972, 0.825-0.998; P=0.002, 0.044), LASr was the influence factor of pre-AF ( OR=0.858, 95% CI=0.802-0.917, P<0.001). Conclusions:2D-STE and RT-3DE can be used to evaluate the structural and functional changes of both atria, especially LAVImin, LASr and RASr, which have certain predictive value for the occurrence and progression of atrial fibrillation.

A case report and literature review of brachial artery ligation for treatment of infected arteriovenous graft complicated with rupture and bleeding / 中华肾脏病杂志

The paper reported a case of brachial artery ligation treatment of arteriovenous graft infection with arteriovenous graft exposure and bleeding. Based on the experience of vascular access center and the review of relevant literature, the causes and treatment options of this complication were analyzed, and the feasibility and safety of brachial artery ligation were elaborated for the treatment of this complication, to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Development of a prognostic model for early diagnosis of HEV infection in patients with chronic liver disease / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To establish an early clinical prediction model for patients with chronic liver disease who are coinfected with hepatitis E virus (HEV), and quickly evaluate the probability of severe hepatitis in patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 87 patients with chronic liver diseases who were hospitalized at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from May 2018 to September 2023. Clinical features and laboratory indexes were analyszed and patients were classified to severe (TBIL >171 μmol/L with PTA <40%) and non-severe (TBIL <171 μmol/L with PTA >40%) groups. and Independent factors identified using LASSO regression were incorporated into a novel nomogram to identify patients at high risk of severe hepatitis in the early stages. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the area under the curve and the mean absolute error of the calibration curve.Results:Significant difference was observed in the serum total bile acid (TBA) level between the severe group [240.00 (183.30, 268.70) umol/L] and the non-severe group [93.40 (20.10, 271.70) μmol/L, U=269.00, P=0.002]. Additionally, the levels of apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) [0.32 (0.18, 0.48) g/L] and uric acid (UA) [156.15 (117.00, 202.00) μmol/L] were significantly lower in the severe group compared to the non-severe group (APOA1: [0.77 (0.63, 1.06) g/L, U=71.00, P<0.001]; UA: [334.05 (243.70, 401.00) μmol/L, U=83.00, P<0.001]). The researchers developed a nomogram, which incorporated two independent factors (APOA1 and UA) and an additional variable (TBA), exhibiting a strong predictive ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.963 (95% confidence interval: 0.927-0.998) and a well-fitted calibration curve. Positive and negative predictive values of 94.0% and 88.2% were calculated, and a nomogram score of 129 or greater was considered indicative of a higher likelihood of developing severe illness. Conclusions:This nomogram offers a rapid and accurate means of evaluating the probability of severe illness in patients with chronic liver disease after overlapping infection with HEV, which can accurately and effectively predict the risk of severe illness in patients.

The significance of plasma BMPR1A and PLAC8 gene methylation levels in predicting early postoperative recurrence in liver cancer patients / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the role of combined detection of cell free BMPR1A and PLAC8 gene methylation in plasma in predicting postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:Case series study. Patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅳ hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-sen University from January 2022 to July 2023 were selected. All enrolled patients underwent alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and imaging assessments 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after treatment. Simultaneously, peripheral blood of patients was extracted for plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation detection, and the results of free BMPR1A and PLAC8 gene methylation detection in patients′ plasma after treatment were compared with the positive rate of traditional tumor marker AFP detection. Draw the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the subjects to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in predicting the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on the results of cell free DNA methylation and whether AFP is more than 7 μg/L, hepatocellular carcinoma patients were divided into high-risk methylation group (12 cases), low-risk methylation group (21 cases), high-risk AFP group (15 cases), and Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed on them.Results:The sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of free BMPR1A PLAC8 gene methylation in plasma for predicting liver cancer recurrence were 66.7% and 88.9%, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) of BMPR1A PLAC8 gene methylation detection for liver cancer recurrence were 0.770 and 0.778, and the AFP was 0.522 in ROC curve analysis. Compared to imaging examinations, cell free DNA methylation detection can detect the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma on average by 58.3 days in advance(53.8 days vs 112.1 days). The progression free survival rate of the high-risk group based on free DNA methylation prediction at 400 days was 22.2%, significantly lower than the low-risk group (76.2%, P<0.001). Conclusion:Compared to AFP, detecting the methylation of BMPR1A and PLAC8 genes can predict the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma more accurately, making it a practical method for monitoring liver cancer recurrence.

Study and validation of biomarkers in serum of patients with acute and chronic kidney injury / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical utility of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and other biomarkers in serum for patients with acute and chronic kidney injury.METHODS:A total of 171 patients with acute kidney injury(AKI)and 209 patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)who sought medical care at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou between January 2022 and July 2023 were in-cluded in this study.Data on potassium(K),sodium(Na),chloride(Cl),carbon dioxide(CO2),urea(Urea),and glu-cose(GLU)were collected from each group of participants.A total of 94 individuals who were deemed healthy and had un-dergone physical examinations within the same time frame were chosen as the control group.The serum NGAL levels of all three groups were measured using latex immunoturbidimetry.The diagnostic effectiveness of serum NGAL and other bio-markers in identifying acute and chronic kidney injury was analyzed.Multiple logistic regression equations were employed to examine the factors influencing the occurrence of AKI and CKD in patients.Additionally,receiver operating characteris-tic(ROC)curves were constructed to evaluate the clinical significance of these biomarkers in patients with kidney injury.RESULTS:Through bioinformatic analysis,it was suggested that NGAL may be a detection marker of kidney injury.Ac-cording to general data,in the AKI and the CKD groups,K,Na,CO2,Urea,GLU and NGAL levels were higher than those in the healthy control group(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression equation analysis showed that Na,Urea,GLU and NGAL levels were all independent risk factors for AKI or CKD disease occurrence(P＜0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that in the AKI group,the area under the curve(AUC)for Na,Urea,GLU and NGAL were 0.711,0.960,0.793 and 0.841,respectively(P＜0.01).In the CKD group,the AUC for Na,Urea,GLU and NGAL were 0.681,0.990,0.703 and 0.930,respectively(P＜0.01).The sensitivity and specificity of NGAL and Urea combined diagnosis for AKI were 81.9%and 61.1%,respectively,and those for CKD were 62.7%and 80.0%,respectively.CONCLUSION:Serum NGAL can serve as an indicator of acute and chronic kidney injury,and its combination with other biomarkers also has certain clinical application value in acute and chronic kidney injury.

Short-term prognostic predictive value of deep-learning assisted quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography in ST-elevated myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore the prognostic predictive value of deep neural network (DNN) assisted myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) quantitative analysis of ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after successful percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed in 97 STEMI patients with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction-3 flow in infarct vessel after primary PCI in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from June to November 2021. MCE was performed within 48 h after PCI. Patients were followed up to 120 days. The adverse events were defined as cardiac death, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, reinfarction, stroke and recurrent angina. The framework consisted of the U-net and hierarchical convolutional LSTMs. The plateau myocardial contrast intensity (A), micro-bubble rate constant (β), and microvascular blood flow (MBF) for all myocardial segments were obtained by the framework, and then underwent variability analysis. Patients were divided into low MBF group and high MBF group based on MBF values, the baseline characteristics and adverse events were compared between the two groups. Other variables included biomarkers, ventricular wall motion analysis, MCE qualitative analysis, and left ventricular ejection fraction. The relationship between various variables and prognosis was investigated using Cox regression analysis. The ROC curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the models, and the diagnostic efficacy of the models was compared using the integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI).Results:The time-cost for processing all 3 810 frames from 97 patients was 377 s. 92.89% and 7.11% of the frames were evaluated by an experienced echocardiographer as "good segmentation" and "correction needed". The correlation coefficients of A, β, and MBF ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 for intra-observer and inter-observer variability. During follow-up, 20 patients met the adverse events. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that for each increase of 1 IU/s in MBF of the infarct-related artery territory, the risk of adverse events decreased by 6% ( HR 0.94, 95% CI =0.91-0.98). There was a 4.5-fold increased risk of adverse events in the low MBF group ( HR 5.50, 95% CI=1.55-19.49). After incorporating DNN-assisted MCE quantitative analysis into qualitative analysis, the IDI for prognostic prediction was 15% (AUC 0.86, sensitivity 0.78, specificity 0.73). Conclusions:MBF of the area supplied by infarct-related artery after STEMI-PCI is an independent protective factor for short-term prognosis. The DNN-assisted MCE quantitative analysis is an objective, efficient, and reproducible method to evaluate microvascular perfusion. Assessment of culprit-MBF after PCI in STEMI patients adds independent short-term prognostic information over qualitative analysis.It has the potential to be a valuable tool for risk stratification and clinical follow-up.

Clinical study on morphology and dynamics of mitral valve device in patients with different types of functional mitral regurgitation by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate and compare the morphology and dynamics parameters of mitral valve devices in patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation (VFMR) by real-time three-dimensional ultrasound, in order to provide theoretical basis for diagnosis and clinical treatments of the two types of regurgitation patients.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 20 AFMR patients (AFMR group) and 20 VFMR patients (VFMR group) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography at Wuhan University People′s Hospital from May to November 2022. Additionally, 20 patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography at our hospital during the same period due to patent foramen ovale or non cardiac surgery monitoring were selected as the control group. All subjects were measured mitral annulus anteroposterior diameter (AP diameter), anterolateral posteromedial diameter (ALPM diameter), anteroposterior diameter/anterolateral posteromedial diameter (AP/ALPM), commissural width (CW), annular area (AA), annular circumference (AC), annular height (AH), coaptation depth (CD), tenting volume (TV), non-planar angle (NPA) and posterior leaflet angle at isovolumic relaxation time, early diastole, mid diastole, late diastole, isovolumic contraction time, early systole, mid systole, and late systole. The total change rate and systolic change rate of the above parameters were calculated, the differences in structure and dynamic changes of the mitral valve device among three groups were compared, and the correlations between the change rate of mitral annular parameters and left ventricular long axis strain (GLS) were analyzed.Results:①The GLS of three groups were as follows: control group>AFMR group>VFMR group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). ②Static structure: The AP diameter, ALPM diameter, AA, AC, and total leaflet area (TLA) of the AFMR group and VFMR group were significantly larger than those of the control group (all P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the AFMR group and VFMR group (all P>0.05). Compared with the other two groups, the TV, CD, and posterior leaflet angle of the VFMR group were significantly increased, exhibiting the mitral valve tethering; the control group had the largest AH/CW and the deepest saddle shape; the AFMR group had the smallest TLA/AA and the least mitral valve remodeling; there was no statistically significant difference in the junction area among the three groups (all P>0.05). ③Dynamic changes: AP diameter, ALPM diameter, AA and AC in the control group showed regular changes throughout the cardiac cycle, gradually decreased from isovolumic relaxation time to late diastole, and gradually increased from isovolumic contraction time to late systole; The changes in the above parameters in the AFMR and VFMR groups appeared more disordered. In addition, compared with the control group, the total change rate and systolic change rate of AP diameter in the AFMR group were significantly reduced, but the total change rate of ALPM diameter was significantly increased (all P<0.05). ④The total change rate of AA, ALPM diameter and AP diameter were moderately correlated with GLS ( r=0.353, P=0.006; r=-0.304, P=0.018; r=0.300, P=0.020), while the systolic change rate of posterior leaflet angle was weakly correlated with GLS ( r=0.267, P=0.039). Conclusions:There are differences in the morphology and dynamics parameters of mitral valve device in patients with AFMR and VFMR.Different clinical strategies can be used for the two kinds of functional mitral regurgitation.

Structural and Functional Neural Alterations in Internet Addiction: A Study Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A growing number of neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal brain structural and functional alterations in subjects with internet addiction (IA), however, with conflicting conclusions. We plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the studies of voxelbased morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), to reach a consolidated conclusion and point out the future direction in this field. A comprehensive search of rsFC and VBM studies of IA will be conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to retrieve studies published from the inception dates to August 2021. If the extracted data are feasible, activation likelihood estimation and seed-based d mapping methods will be used to meta-analyze the brain structural and functional changes in IA patients. This study will hopefully reach a consolidated conclusion on the impact of IA on human brain or point out the future direction in this field.

The value of ouantitative parameters of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for children and adolescents with mature aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of quantitative parameters of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy for children and adolescents with mature aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).Methods:It was a retrospective multicenter study.Clinical data of 44 children and adolescents diagnosed with mature aggressive B-cell NHL between January 2016 and January 2023 in Henan Cancer Hospital, Beijing Gaobo Boren Hospital, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into complete response (CR) group and non-CR group based on the international criteria for the diagnosis of pediatric NHL.Quantitative parameters of MRI, including T2 signal intensity, the minimal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin), maximal ADC (ADCmax), and the mean ADC (ADCmean) were measured before and within 2 weeks after CAR-T infusion.The correlation between the above parameters and the achievement of CR was analyzed.The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the inter-observer agreement among observers in measuring quantitative parameters of MRI.Differences between groups were analyzed using the independent sample t-test.Factors influencing CR were identified through the binary Logistic regression analysis, and a prediction model was established.Model performance was evaluated by plotting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results:Significant differences were observed between the CR group and non-CR group in T2 signal intensity before CAR-T infusion (267±152 vs.364±160, P=0.048), and ADCmin (0.94±0.38 vs.0.53±0.28, P<0.05), ADCmax (1.73±0.69 vs.0.84±0.43, P<0.05), ADCmean (1.28±0.48 vs.0.67±0.33, P<0.05), and T2 signal intensity within 2 weeks after CAR-T infusion (198±139 vs.345±168, P=0.004). A univariate prediction model was created by introducing the above quantitative parameters.The area under the curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of T2 signal intensity before CAR-T infusion in predicting the efficacy on children and adolescents with mature aggressive B-cell NHL were 0.800, 84.0%, 57.9%, and 72.7%, respectively.The AUC, specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of ADCmax within 2 weeks of CAR-T infusion were 0.958, 88.0%, 78.9%, and 84.1%, respectively.The AUC, specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of T2 signal intensity within 2 weeks of CAR-T infusion were 0.869, 84.0%, 68.4%, and 77.3%, respectively. Conclusions:Quantitative parameters of MRI, including ADC values and T2 signal intensity, are of great significance in the early prediction of CAR-T therapy efficacy on children and adolescents with mature aggressive B-cell NHL.Among these parameters, ADCmax presents the strongest predictive performance and serves as a valuable indicator for predicting a complete response with CAR-T treatment.

Establishment and validation of a nomogram-based predictive model for idiopathic aldosteronism / 中华内科杂志

Objective: To establish and validate a nomogram-based predictive model for idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with the collected clinical and biochemical data of patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) including 249 patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) and 107 patients with IHA, who were treated at the Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2013 to November 2022. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin concentration (PRC) were measured by chemiluminescence. Stepwise regression analysis was applied to select the key predictors of IHA, and a nomogram-based scoring model was developed. The model was validated in another external independent cohort of patients with PA including 62 patients with UPA and 43 patients with IHA, who were diagnosed at the Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. An independent-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results: In the training cohort, in comparison with the UPA group, the IHA group showed a higher serum potassium level [M(Q1, Q3), 3.4 (3.1, 3.8) mmol/L vs. 2.7 (2.1, 3.1) mmol/L] and higher PRC [4.0 (2.1, 8.2) mU/L vs. 1.5 (0.6, 3.4) mU/L] and a lower PAC post-saline infusion test (SIT) [305 (222, 416) pmol/L vs. 720 (443, 1 136) pmol/L] and a lower rate of unilateral adrenal nodules [33.6% (36/107) vs. 81.1% (202/249)]; the intergroup differences in these measurements were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Serum potassium level, PRC, PAC post-SIT, and the rate of unilateral adrenal nodules showed similar performance in the IHA group in the validation cohort. After stepwise regression analysis for all significant variables in the training cohort, a scoring model based on a nomogram was constructed, and the predictive parameters included the rate of unilateral adrenal nodules, serum potassium concentration, PAC post-SIT, and PRC in the standing position. When the total score was ≥14, the model showed a sensitivity of 0.65 and specificity of 0.90 in the training cohort and a sensitivity of 0.56 and specificity of 1.00 in the validation cohort. Conclusion: The nomogram was used to successfully develop a model for prediction of IHA that could facilitate selection of patients with IHA who required medication directly.

Clinical study on early predictors of concurrent bile duct injury following TACE in patients with liver cancer / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To explore the predictive factors of concurrent bile duct injury following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 483 HCC patients in relation to TACE postoperative complications. A total of 21 cases of bile duct injury were observed following the TACE procedure. Laboratory data, imaging data, and clinically relevant medical histories were recorded before and after one week following the TACE procedure and follow-up. The χ (2) test, or Fisher's exact probability method, was used for categorical variables. The mean of the two samples was compared using a paired t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. The comparison of multiple mean values was conducted using an analysis of variance. Results: Twenty-one cases with bile duct injury had intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, bile tumors, hilar biliary duct stenoses, and other manifestations. 14.3% (3/21) of patients showed linear high-density shadows along the bile duct on a plain CT scan, while 76.2% (16/21) of patients had ALP > 200 U/L one week following TACE procedure, and bile duct injury occurred in later follow-up. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were significantly increased in all patients following TACE procedure (t = -2.721, P = 0.014; t = -2.674, P = 0.015; t = -3.079, P = 0.006; t = -3.377, P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: The deposition of iodized oil around the bile duct on plain CT scan presentation or the continuous increase of ALP (> 200 U/L) one week following TACE procedure has a certain predictive value for the later bile duct injury.

Application value of joint friction sounds in diagnosing meniscus injury of the knee based on machine learning models / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of joint friction sounds in diagnosing meniscus injury of the knee based on machine learning models.Methods:A case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 17 patients with meniscus injury of the knee (meniscus injury group) admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from August 2020 to October 2022, as well as 75 recruited healthy subjects without knee joint diseases (healthy group). The knee joint friction sounds of the subjects were collected in a relatively quiet environment (peak value below 40 dB). The sounds collected in a flexion-extension-flexion mode of exercise were split and divided randomly with a ratio of 4∶1 into the training set (125 segments from the meniscal injury group and 187 segments from the healthy group) and the test set (33 segments from the meniscal injury group and 47 segments from the healthy group). The sounds obtained in a sit-stand-sit mode of exercise were split and divided randomly with a ratio of 4∶1 into the training set (81 segments from the meniscal injury group and 164 segments from the healthy group) and the test set (20 segments from the meniscal injury group and 40 segments from the healthy group). Four machine learning models were built, including support vector machine with linear kernels, radial basis function support vector machine, random forest, and extremely randomized trees. The learning training of the model was performed on the training set, and its model performance was verified with the test set. The time required in a single collection of joint friction sound from the subjects and the interpretation of data analysis was recorded. Knee function of the subjects were scored according to the Lysholm Score before and at 1 day after the test. The accuracy rates of diagnosis of meniscus injury with friction sounds under the two modes of exercise were compared based on the test results to yield an optimal one. The effectiveness of the four models was compared to find the best machine learning model fitting the data frame of this study according to the test results such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) obtained with the optimal mode of exercise. The diagnostic accuracy, misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate of joint friction sound for meniscal injury under the optimal machine learning model with the optimal mode of exercise were observed.Results:The time required in a single collection of joint friction sound ranged from 5 to 10 minutes [(7.1±1.3)minutes], when the time required for interpretation of data analysis was approximately 1 minute. The Lysholm Score before and after the test was (75.6±4.0)points and (77.7±3.7)points respectively in the meniscal injury group ( P>0.05), and (99.6±0.9)points and (99.5±1.0)points respectively in the healthy group ( P>0.05). The diagnosing accuracy rates for flexion-extension-flexion of exercise and sit-stand-sit modes of exercise were 0.775 and 0.817 under the support vector machine model with linear kernels; 0.813 and 0.900 under the radial basis function support vector machine model; 0.800 and 0.867 under the random forest model; 0.800 and 0.900 under the extremely randomized tree model. The accuracy rates for sit-stand-sit mode of exercise were all higher than those for flexion-extension-flexion mode of exercise. In the sit-stand-sit mode of exercise, the extremely randomized tree model had an accuracy rate of 0.900, sensitivity of 0.900, specificity of 0.950, F1 score of 0.900, and AUC of 0.942, which were higher than those under the remaining 3 models, showing better machine learning efficacy. Under the extremely randomized tree model in the sit-stand-sit mode of exercise, 22 (18 true positive and 4 false positive) were diagnosed as meniscal injury and 38 (36 true negative and 2 false negative) as healthy out of 60 segments in the test set (20 from the meniscal injury group and 40 from the healthy group). The diagnostic accuracy of joint friction sounds in diagnosing meniscus injury of the knee was 0.900, with the misdiagnosis rate of 0.100 and the missed diagnosis rate of 0.100. Conclusion:Diagnosis of meniscus injury of the knee with joint friction sounds can shorten time and enhance safety during the examination process. The diagnostic model using machine learning-based artificial intelligence is faster and more stable, which can be used as a diagnostic marker for such injury.

Experimental study on ultrasound/near-infrared dual-mode imaging and thrombolysis in vitro of phase-change mesoporous silicon nanoprobe / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore the potential of thrombus-targeted nanoprobes for ultrasound/near-infrared bimodal imaging and their synergistic therapeutic effects on thrombosis in vitro.Methods:Nanoprobes loaded with arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide (RGD), perfluoropentane (PFP) and indocyanine green (ICG) were prepared by ultrasonic vibration and carbodiimide method with mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) as the carrier. The probe morphology was observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The loading of RGD and ICG was detected by Bicinchoninic Acid Assay (BCA) and UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy respectively. The imaging performance and photothermal response of the nanoprobe under near infrared light (NIR) irradiation were studied in vitro. Its biological safety was tested by cytotoxicity test and hemolysis test. The phase transformation was studied under ultrasound and NIR irradiation. The nanoprobe was incubated with fresh arterial thrombus, and its target-seeking ability was observed by frozen section. Ultrasound and NIR irradiation were used to evaluate its thrombolytic ability by the weight changes of thrombus before and after irradiation.Results:The prepared nanoprobe had regular morphology and uniform size. The particle diameter was (156.83±5.05)nm, and the surface potential was (11.47±0.25)mV. The RGD coupling rate was (77.67±4.50)%, which could mediate the targeting of nanoprobe to fresh extracorporeal arterial thrombus. UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful loading of ICG, and its encapsulation rate was (80.47±0.05)%. After ultrasound and NIR irradiation, the nanoprobe could undergo acoustically induced phase transition, thermally induced phase transition and enhance the ultrasonic development effect. With the increase of the concentration of the nanoprobe solution, the NIR signal gradually increased, and the temperature rose in a concentration-dependent and intensity-dependent manner after NIR irradiation. The cytotoxicity test and hemolysis test showed that the nanoprobe had good biological safety, and it could play a thrombolytic role under the combined irradiation of ultrasound and NIR, and the weight of thrombus was significantly reduced after the treatment ( P<0.01). Conclusions:In this study, the nanoprobe (RGD/ICG/PFP@MSN) were successfully prepared possesses excellent dual mode imaging capabilities of ultrasound and NIR, excellent phase transition ability and photothermal conversion efficiency, as well as efficient targeted penetration and therapeutic effects against thrombosis. This study provides strong in vitro experimental evidence and new strategies for the integration of diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic diseases under the cooperation of ultrasound and NIR.

Study on the influence of buried thread nasal augmentation on dorsal soft tissue of nose and revision rhinoplasty / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the influence of buried thread nasal augmentation on dorsal soft tissue of nose and revision rhinoplasty.@*METHODS@#A clinical data of 29 patients requesting revision rhinoplasty after buried thread nasal augmentation, who were admitted between July 2017 and July 2019 and met the selection criteria, was retrospectively analyzed. All patients were female with an average age of 26.8 years (range, 18-43 years). The patiens were admitted to the hospital at 3-48 months after buried thread nasal augmentation (median, 15 months). Among them, there were 18 cases of insufficient nasal tip projection, 22 cases of insufficient nasal root projection, 7 cases of threads ectasia, 5 cases of threads exposure, 3 cases of infection, and 10 cases with two or more conditions. There were 9 cases of combined short nose deformity, 1 case of spherical hypertrophy of the nasal tip, 3 cases of deviation of the nasal columella, 3 cases of excessive width of the nasal base, and 1 case of nasal hump. Three infected patients only underwent threads removal and debridement. The rest patients underwent revision rhinoplasty, and the dorsum of the nose was made with polytetrafluoroethylene expansion; the tip of the nose was reshaped by taking autologous rib cartilage and alar cartilage in 16 cases, and by taking autologous septal cartilage and alar cartilage in another 10 cases. The threads and surrounding tissue specimens removed during operation were subjected to histologic observation. Nasal length and nasal tip projection were measured after revision rhinoplasty and the ratio was calculated to evaluate the nasal morphology; patient satisfaction was evaluated using the Likert 5-grade scale.@*RESULTS@#Patients were followed up 12-48 months (mean, 18 months). Inflammation was controlled in 3 patients with infections caused by buried thread nasal augmentation. The remaining 26 patients had satisfactory results immediately after revision rhinoplasty. Before revision rhinoplasty and at 7 days and 6 months after revision rhinoplasty, the nasal length was (4.11±0.34), (4.36±0.25), and (4.33±0.22) cm, respectively; the nasal tip projection was (2.34±0.25), (2.81±0.18), and (2.76±0.15) cm, respectively; and the nasal tip projection/nasal length ratio was 0.57±0.08, 0.65±0.05, and 0.64±0.04, respectively. There were significant differences in the nasal length and the nasal tip projection between time points ( P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the nasal tip projection/nasal length ratio between pre- and post-operation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 7 days and 6 months after operation ( P>0.05). The Likert score for satisfaction ranged from 1.5 to 5.0 (mean, 4.05). During follow-up period of 26 patients, no nasal prosthesis was exposed, and the shape of the nose was stable, and the nasal skin of 5 patients with exposed threads could be seen with different degrees of scarring; there was no infection, cartilage resorption, and no cartilage deformation, displacement, or exposure. Histological observation showed that absorbable threads were not only absorbed after implantation, but also with the prolongation of time, the inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues caused by decomposition and absorption of the threads showed a gradual aggravation of the first, the heaviest inflammatory reaction in 6 to 12 months, and then gradually reduce the trend.@*CONCLUSION@#After implantation of the absorbable thread into the subcutaneous tissue of the nasal dorsum, the nature of the thread is different from the body's own tissue, which will affect the soft tissue compliance of the nasal dorsum. The degradation and absorption of the thread will stimulate the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the proliferation of fibroblasts in the surrounding tissue and then form scar tissue, which will affect the design and effect of revision rhinoplasty.

A fMRI observation on the changes of striatum-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(ST-dlPFC)pathway in T2DM patients with cognitive flexibility decline / 神经解剖学杂志

Objectve:To observe the change of functional connectivity(FC)characteristic and its correlation with cognitive flexibility in type 2 diabetes mellites(T2DM)patients with cognitive flexibility decreased.Methods:A retro-spective analysis was performed in 24 T2DM patients with cognitive flexibility decreased(T2DM+CD),34 T2DM pa-tients without cognitive flexibility decreased(T2DM-CD)and 31 healthy controls(HC).Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)and the Stroop Color Word Test(Stroop)were respectively used in three groups of subjects to assess cognitive flexibility and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)scans was used to assess the FC.The differences of cogni-tive flexibility were found between three groups of subjects.The differences of FC between the bilateral(Left and Right,L.and R.)striatum(ST)and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(dlPFC)were found between three groups of subjects.Further analysis was focused on the interactive effect of T2DM and cognitive flexibility on FC changes.Results:Com-pared with T2DM-CD and HC,the number of response administered,errors responses,perseverative response,and time in WCST of T2DM+CD were significantly increased,while the number of correct responses was decreased.In Stroop,the number of correct,word-color contradiction and correct word-color indifference in T2DM+CD were lower than HC.In T2DM+CD,FC between L.ST-L.dlPFC,R.ST-L.dlPFC and R.ST-R.dlPFC were decreased,and decreased FC between R.ST-R.dlPFC was associated with cognitive flexibility scale scores.There existed an interactive effect between T2DM and cognitive flexibility on FC changes.Conclusion:Decreased FC between ST and dlPFC is the neural mechanism of cognitive flexibility impairment in T2DM.