Transport of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors through cationic amino acid carriers in human erythrocytes.

The interaction of arginine analogues, which are known to inhibit nitric oxide synthase, with two cationic amino acid transporters of human erythrocytes (systems y+ and y+L) was studied. Arginine and relevant analogues [NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA); NG-monomethyl-D-arginine (D-NMMA) and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG)] were found to inhibit labeled lysine influx into intact erythrocytes. As expected, the pattern of inhibition reflected the contribution of the two distinct transport systems. All analogues showed a higher affinity for system y+L than for system y+. The half-saturation (inhibition) constants estimated for systems y+ and y+L (+/- SEM) were (microM): L-arginine, 55.7 +/- 5.4 and 2.4 +/- 0.1; L-NMMA, 151 +/- 13 and 7.5 +/- 0.5; D-NMMA, 2660 +/- 404 and 269 +/- 25; L-NOARG, 9414 +/- 169 and 594 +/- 35. The transport properties of the analogues were investigated using an assay based on the trans-stimulation of lysine efflux. The addition of saturating concentrations of unlabeled analogues to the external medium stimulated efflux of labeled lysine through systems y+L and y+, showing that the analogues can enter the cell through these pathways.

Toward a nursing practice research method.

This article promotes a structure for nursing research in which the primary feature is the nurse researcher-as-clinician in a collaborative relationship with the client-as-subject. Elements of a theoretical rationale for blending the roles of clinician and researcher in an essentially qualitative methodology are developed. A nursing practice research method is conceptualized not as merely a technical activity with a focus on narrative data, but also as an explicit recognition of research as practice with an emphasis on intersubjectivity and dialogue in the research process as constitutive of reality. Research and knowledge development are thus envisioned as taking place from within the nursing situation and contingent on the quality of the nurse-client relationship. The nurse and client are recognized as the authors of the nursing-research situation in which meanings of health experiences are explored and chosen, and opportunities for enhanced quality of life are presented to both. Nurse and client each lend a unique perspective in the shared nursing-research situation. Regardless of the facticities of the client's medical status, both nurse and client have the potential for positive growth and change when these unique perspectives of nurse and client are joined. The proposed nursing practice research methodology capitalizes on these features of the practice situation, and thus, speaks directly to the concerns of the clinician.

Isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus from the blood of a child in Trinidad, W.I

St. Louis encephalitis virus was isolated from the blood of an 11-year-old boy, resident of Trinidad, W.I., in September, 1958, in the absence of sufficient symptoms or signs to support a clinical diagnosis of encephalitis. (Summary)

Description of human yellow fever cases seen in Trinidad in 1959

Clinical and detailed laboratory features of two cases of yellow fever seen in Trinidad in early 1959 are presented. Difficulties in both clinical and laboratory diagnosis as well as possible dangers to travellers are discussed. (Summary)

Description of human yellow fever cases seen in Trinidad in 1959

Clinical and detailed laboratory features of yellow fever seen in Trinidad in early 1959 are presented. Difficulties in both clinical and laboratory diagnosis as well as possible dangers to travellers are discussed (Summary)

Description of human yellow fever cases seen in Trinidad in 1959 (abstract only)

Clinical and detailed laboratory features of two cases of yellow fever seen in Trinidad in early 1959 are presented. The difficulty of recognizing such cases, either clinically or by serological tests in the laboratory are pointed out. In these particular cases, diagnosis was by virus isolation. Virus isolation may be the only reliable technique in regions where infections with other members of the Group B ARBOR viruses occur (AU)

Isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus from the blood of a child in Trinidad, W.I

St. Louis encephalitis virus was isolated from the blood of an 11-year-old boy, resident of Trinidad, W.I. in September, 1958, in the absence of sufficient symptoms or signs to support a clinical diagnosis of encephalitis. (AU)