[Mistakes in the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optic spectrum diseases lead to wrong therapy and deterioration of patients' condition]. / Oshibki v diagnostike zabolevanii spektra optikoneiromielita privodyat k nepravil'noi terapii i ukhudsheniyu sostoyaniya patsientov.

Neuromyelitis optic spectrum diseases (NMOSD) are a group of rare neuroimmunological diseases involving mainly the optic nerves and spinal cord, to a lesser extent the brain, and causing severe exacerbations that lead to persistent disability of patients. For many years, opticoneuromyelitis was considered a prognostically unfavorable variant of the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), however, in 2004, specific autoantibodies to aquaporin-4 were found in such patients, which made it possible to isolate NMOSD into a separate group of demyelinating diseases other than MS. Due to similar clinical signs and the predominantly remitting course of diseases, it is often difficult to make a correct diagnosis and, accordingly, prescribe effective therapy, which often leads to incorrectly selected therapy with incorrect diagnosis. In some cases, this leads to a worsening of the course of NMOSD. We present a case of late diagnosis of NMOSD that confirms the development of exacerbation in the patient 2 months after the first course of therapy with alemtuzumab prescribed as a highly effective therapy for highly active remitting MS. Timely diagnosis of NMOSD makes it possible to exclude such cases.

[Hostility as a manifestation of attachment disorders in depression]. / Vrazhdebnost' kak proyavlenie narushenii privyazannosti pri depressii.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between hostility and attachment disorders in endogenous depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 49 patients with a diagnosis of depressive disorder, all of them completed the Simptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90R); the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R); Ich-Struktur-Test nach Ammon. The patients were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). RESULTS: At high levels of depression, the indicators of «hostility¼ (p=0.046), «destructive aggression¼ (p=0.04) and «deficit aggression¼ (p=0.005) are significantly higher. The severity of depression significantly correlates with the severity of «anxiety¼ in attachment (close relationships), as well as with pathological «narcissism¼, «destructive external self-delimitation¼, «deficient internal self-delimitation¼ (p<0.05). For the measure of depression, the regression model explains more than 76% of the variance, with the measures of «interpersonal sensitivity¼, «deficit narcissism¼, and «avoidance¼ in attachment making significant contributions. For the «hostility¼ the regression model explains about 62% of the variance, while, as in the analysis of «depression¼, a significant contribution is made by the indicators of «interpersonal sensitivity¼ and «avoidance¼, however, unlike «depression¼, the contribution of the «destructive narcissism¼ is noted in contrast to the «deficit narcissism¼. CONCLUSIONS: With severe depressive symptoms, indicator of hostility are increased. Hostility in depression is associated with factors caused by a violation of early interpersonal relationships (anxious attachment) (which causes increased sensitivity in relations with others, building a barrier between oneself and the external environment perceived as hostile), the narcissistic pathology, problems in emotional regulation.

[Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Sampeginterferon-ß1a in the Treatment of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: a Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial 104-Week Results]. / Dolgosrochnye dannye po effektivnosti i bezopasnosti preparata sampeginterferon-ß1a u patsientov s remittiruyushchim rasseyannym sklerozom: rezul'taty 104-nedel'nogo randomizirovannogo dvoinogo slepogo klinicheskogo issledovaniya.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of sampeginterferon-ß1a (samPEG-IFN-ß1a) 180 µg and 240 µg administered once every 2 weeks compared to placebo and low dose interferon beta-1a (LIB) 30 µg administered once weekly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis aged 18-60 years, with Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≤5.5 were randomized at a ratio of 2:2:2:1 to the following groups: samPEG-IFN-ß1a 180 µg, samPEG-IFN-ß1a 240 µg, LIB, placebo. After 20 weeks, the placebo group completed the study. After week 52, the final analysis was performed, which included the primary endpoint analysis, the LIB group patients completed their participation in the study. The patients in samPEG-IFN-ß1a groups continued to receive therapy with samPEG-IFN-ß1a 240 µg until week 100 inclusive. The results of the final analysis after 52 weeks have been previously published. The current article presents a long-term efficacy and safety of samPEG-IFN-ß1a after 104 weeks of the trial. RESULTS: The annualized relapse rate over the second year was 0.16 in the samPEG-IFN-ß1a 180 µg group and 0.09 in the samPEG-IFN-ß1a 240 µg group. By week 104, the proportion of relapse-free patients was 77.0% (87/113) and 83.3% (95/114) in the samPEG-IFN-ß1a 180 µg and 240 µg groups, respectively. There were no negative dynamics of MRI markers, neurological deficit parameters and cognitive functions by scales and tests. The safety profile of samPEG-IFN-ß1a was consistent with the known safety profile of IFN-ß therapy. CONCLUSION: Treatment with samPEG-IFN-ß1a is an effective and safe first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients.

[Efficacy and safety of sampeginterferon ß-1a in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: results of 52 weeks of therapy in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial]. / Effektivnost' i bezopasnost' sampeginterferona ß-1a dlya lecheniya remittiruyushchego rasseyannogo skleroza: rezul'taty 52-nedel'nogo randomizirovannogo dvoinogo slepogo klinicheskogo issledovaniya.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of samPEG-IFN-ß1a 180 µg and 240 µg administered once every 2 weeks for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared to placebo and low dose interferon beta-1a (LIB) 30 µg administered once weekly. The primary endpoint after 52 weeks of therapy was the time to first relapse, the hypotheses of non-inferiority and superiority to LIB were tested. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This international, multicenter, double blind, comparative, placebo-controlled clinical study enrolled 399 patients with the diagnosis of RRMS, randomized in 4 groups: samPEG-IFN-ß1a180 µg (n=114), samPEG-IFN-ß1a 240 µg (n=114), LIB (n=114) and placebo (n=57). Placebo group patients participated in the study for 20 weeks. After 52 weeks of therapy and 4 weeks of follow-up, LIB group patients completed their participation in the study, patients from PEG-IFN-ß1a groups continued to receive therapy until week 100 inclusive. The article presents the results of an analysis conducted after the end of 52 weeks of a double-blind, comparative, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. RESULTS: Final analysis of the efficacy and safety was performed after 52 weeks of study. Main statistical hypothesis testing proved that both doses of samPEG-IFN-ß1a were equally effective when compared to LIB by the primary endpoint - «Time to first relapse¼. Due to detection of statistically significant differences in the primary endpoint between the study drug and the reference drug, indicating a greater efficacy of the study drug, an additional testing was carried out and the hypothesis of superiority of samPEG-IFN-ß1a at a dose of 240 µg over the reference LIB was proved. Evaluation of the dynamics of certain key parameters of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and clinical outcomes demonstrated a positive effect of samPEG-IFN-ß1a therapy in the form of decreased activity of the demyelinating process in the brain and reduce the number of relapses. The proportion of patients without new T2 lesions after 52 weeks was 87.6% and 90.4% in 180 µg and 240 µg samPEG-IFN-ß1a groups, versus 72.6% in the LIB group (p=0.0199 and p=0.0033). No progression of multiple sclerosis was shown based on EDSS scale evaluation. During the study, the most common adverse reactions were flu-like symptoms and injection site reactions. CONCLUSION: The new drug samPEG-IFN-ß1a is an effective and safe agent for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis treatment, while having an advantage over other low-dose interferons in the form of reduced frequency of intramuscular injections.

[Possibilities of art therapy and color therapy in the rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis]. / Vozmozhnosti art-terapii i tsvetoterapii v reabilitatsii pri rasseyannom skleroze.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To study the effectiveness of non-drug methods of prevention and rehabilitation of patients with various variants of multiple sclerosis (MS) in outpatient settings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a group of 35 patients with limited mobility with various variants of the course of MS, continuous art therapy was performed (art lectures, work with various art materials - markers, pastels, etc.). The average duration of the training cycle in the group was 6 months. Classes were held on an outpatient basis, and if it was impossible to attend classes - remotely. RESULTS: Positive results were obtained in double psychological testing. 68% of patients had decreased levels of depression and anxiety on the HADS scale, 34% of patients refused to take antidepressants. However, positive psychotherapeutic dynamics against the background of art therapy is not a reason to cancel the main basic treatment. CONCLUSION: Art therapy-art therapy and, as its division, color therapy (diagnosis of the condition and treatment of color) is a synthesis of medicine, art and psychology. In MS patients, the following color combinations are recommended when working with art materials:stimulating (red, orange, coral, yellow); soothing (green, blue, blue, purple). Negative colors are excluded - black, gray, dirty shades with a mixture of black or gray.

[A rare clinical case of comorbidity of early-onset Parkinson's disease and remitting multiple sclerosis]. / Redkii klinicheskii sluchai sochetaniya rannego nachala bolezni Parkinsona i remittiruyushchego rasseyannogo skleroza.

Comorbidities of extrapyramidal disorders and multiple sclerosis (MS) are rare. The chance of a combination of MS and Parkinson's disease (PD) is less than 1 in 12.5 million. In total, 42 cases of joint development of these disorders are described in the literature. All described patients had no initial changes in the basal ganglia on MRI, and the development of MS was diagnosed after 1-8 years. Possible common links in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and MS, as well as the cumulative effect of the two diseases on the severity of axonal degeneration and neuronal loss are discussed. A description of a clinical case of a combination of early onset PD and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is presented.

[Dynamics of psychopathological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia]. / Dinamika psikhopatologicheskoi simptomatiki vo vremya pandemii COVID-19 v Rossii.

OBJECTIVE: The results of the analysis of psychopathological symptom dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study uses the data of the Internet survey, which included a block of sociodemographic questions and the SCL-90-R symptomatic questionnaire. Nine hundred and eight responses received from 22.03.20 to 22.06.20 were analysed. The change in the responses over time was assessed: 3 periods of time were allocated, associated with the change in countermeasures to the pandemic in Russia. In addition, the change in the values of the SCL-90 parameters was assessed depending on the existence of respondent's acquaintances infected with the coronavirus. RESULTS: It was shown that SCL-90 symptoms (Somatization, Depression, Obsession, all integral parameters, including the Global Severity Index) increased from 22.03.20 to 22.06.20. With infected people appearing in the respondent's environment psychopathological symptoms increase. The growth of hostility, sensitivity and anxiety is associated with a personal experience of a danger of the pandemic, which intensifies when infected persons appear in the immediate environment. CONCLUSION: The increase in psychopathological symptoms after the mitigation or cancellation of the quarantine restrictions suggests the persistence of long-term consequences.

Nematicidal activity of aqueous tinctures of plants against larvae of the nematode Strongyloides papillosus.

This research was undertaken to evaluate the nematicidal activity of various concentrations of aqueous tinctures of 80 plant species towards L1-2 of S. papillosus. For the experiment with larvae of S. papillosus, there were used 0.19%, 0.75% and 3.00% aqueous tinctures of plants. Out of 80 tested species, nematicidal activity against L1-2 of S. papillosus was displayed by 20 plants. The greatest activity (LC50 = 0.060-0.069%) towards larvae of S. papillosus was exerted by Teucrium polium, Achillea millefolium, Genista tinctoria and Ulmus laevis. Less expressed nematicidal activity (LC50 = 0.070-0.079%) was recorded for Thalictrum minus, Stachys recta, Falcaria vulgaris, Lavatera thuringiaca. Even lower effect (LC50 = 0.080-0.089%) was shown by aqueous tinctures of Mentha × piperita, Achillea millefolium, Salvia nutans, Eryngium campestre and Cerasus fruticosa. The following plants could be arranged in declining order of effectiveness of nematicidal activity (LC50 = 0.090-0.165%) Malus sylvestris, Tragopogon orientalis, Erigeron annuus, Grindelia squarrosa, Urtica dioica, Daucus carota, Medicago sativa, Carduus acanthoides, Ulmus minor and Hieracium umbellatum. A far weaker effect on the nematodes was displayed by Bromopsis inermis and Tragopogon podolicus. Aqueous tinctures of 60 other studied species of plants exhibited low nematicidal activity in 3.00% aqueous tincture, while in 0.19% and 0.75% aqueous tinctures, no nematicidal activity was seen. The results of the research suggest that in the conditions of natural ecosystems, some species of plants of the Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae, Ulmaceae and Urticaceae families could reduce vitality of free-living L1-2 larvae of S. papillosus.

Erythropoietin as an independent prognostic factor in myelodysplastic syndromes.

AIM: To assess the level of erythropoietin (EPO) in blood sera of patients with different subtypes of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) from different risk subgroups and to determine its prognostic role. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EPO was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in peripheral blood of 54 patients with different MDS subtypes according to the French-American-British (FAB) classification. The comparison group consisted of 15 healthy individuals. Complete blood count (hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet levels) was determined and bone marrow cells were characterized morphologically. The overall and leukemia-free survivals were estimated by Kaplan - Meier method. RESULTS: The level of ЕРО in MDS was reliably higher in comparison with healthy persons (p < 0.01, Mann - Whitney test). No statistically significant difference was found in serum EPO concentration between the groups of patients with low- and high-risk MDS (603.5 pg/ml vs 721.0 pg/ml; p > 0.05). In transfusion-dependent patients, the level of EPO was significantly higher than in other patients, which may be due to increased endogenous EPO secretion resulting from chronic hypoxia. A negative correlation was revealed between EPO level and Hb level as well as between EPO level and percentage of blast cells in bone marrow in high-risk MDS patients but not in patients with less aggressive variants of MDS. Instead, patients with low-risk MDS had a negative relationship between concentrations of EPO and tumor necrosis factor alpha (p = 0.06, Kendall's tau test). No significant difference was found between EPO concentration in cases differing by bone marrow cellularity or the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities. An EPO concentration below 200 pg/ml was a predictor of shorter overall survival in patients with all MDS subtypes (p < 0.05, Mann - Whitney test). In patients with all FAB disease subtypes, there was no relationship between the leukemia-free survival and serum EPO concentration. CONCLUSION: This study shows that lower serum EPO level may be considered as one of the additional adverse prognostic factors in MDS patients.

Nematicidal activity of aqueous tinctures of plants against larvae of the nematode Strongyloides papillosus

@#This research was undertaken to evaluate the nematicidal activity of various concentrations of aqueous tinctures of 80 plant species towards L1–2 of S. papillosus. For the experiment with larvae of S. papillosus, there were used 0.19%, 0.75% and 3.00% aqueous tinctures of plants. Out of 80 tested species, nematicidal activity against L1–2 of S. papillosus was displayed by 20 plants. The greatest activity (LC50 = 0.060–0.069%) towards larvae of S. papillosus was exerted by Teucrium polium, Achillea millefolium, Genista tinctoria and Ulmus laevis. Less expressed nematicidal activity (LC50 = 0.070–0.079%) was recorded for Thalictrum minus, Stachys recta, Falcaria vulgaris, Lavatera thuringiaca. Even lower effect (LC50 = 0.080–0.089%) was shown by aqueous tinctures of Mentha × piperita, Achillea millefolium, Salvia nutans, Eryngium campestre and Cerasus fruticosa. The following plants could be arranged in declining order of effectiveness of nematicidal activity (LC50 = 0.090–0.165%) Malus sylvestris, Tragopogon orientalis, Erigeron annuus, Grindelia squarrosa, Urtica dioica, Daucus carota, Medicago sativa, Carduus acanthoides, Ulmus minor and Hieracium umbellatum. A far weaker effect on the nematodes was displayed by Bromopsis inermis and Tragopogon podolicus. Aqueous tinctures of 60 other studied species of plants exhibited low nematicidal activity in 3.00% aqueous tincture, while in 0.19% and 0.75% aqueous tinctures, no nematicidal activity was seen. The results of the research suggest that in the conditions of natural ecosystems, some species of plants of the Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae, Ulmaceae and Urticaceae families could reduce vitality of free-living L1–2 larvae of S. papillosus.

Overbinding and Qualitative and Quantitative Changes Caused by Simple Na+ and K+ Ions in Polyelectrolyte Simulations: Comparison of Force Fields with and without NBFIX and ECC Corrections.

Overbinding of ions is a common and well-known problem in classical molecular dynamics simulations. One of its main causes is the absence of electronic polarizability in the force fields. The current approaches for minimizing overbinding typically either retain the original charges and use an ad hoc readjustment of the Lennard-Jones parameters as done in the nonbonded fix (NBFIX) approach or rescale the charges using a theoretical framework. The goal in the latter is to include shielding produced by the missing electronic polarizability as done in the electronic continuum correction (ECC) approach. NBFIX and ECC are the most common corrections, and we compare their performance to the default parameterizations provided by five different commonly used biomolecular force fields, OPLS-AA/L, CHARMM27, CHARMM36m, CHARMM22*, and AMBER99SB-ILDN. As test systems, we use poly-α,l-glutamic and poly-α,l-aspartic amino acid molecules in explicit water together with Na+ and K+ counterions. We demonstrate that the different force fields yield results that are not only quantitatively but also qualitatively different. The resulting structures of the macroions depend strongly on the model for ions. NBFIX corrections alleviate the problem of overbinding, resulting in extended peptides. The ECC corrections depend nontrivially on the original underlying model, and despite being based on a theoretical framework, they cannot always solve the problem.

The Impact of Acids Approved for Use in Foods on the Vitality of Haemonchus Contortus and Strongyloides Papillosus (Nematoda) Larvae.

The laboratory experiment described in this article evaluated the death rate of larvae of Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) nematodes of the Strongylida order and Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) of the Rhabditida order under the impact of different concentrations of 8 flavouring acids and source materials approved for use in and on foods and in medicine (formic, wine, benzoic, salicylic, stearic, kojic, aminoacetic, succinic acids). Minimum LD50 for third stage larvae of (L3) S. papillosus was observed with salicylic and wine acids, for L3 H. contortus larvae - with formic acid. Minimum impact on all studied stages of development of nematodes was caused by stearic, kojic, aminoacetic and succinic acids: larvae did not die in the course of one day even at 1 % concentration of these substances. The best parameters of LD50 were observed for benzoic and formic acid. Further experiments on flavouring acids and source materials approved for use in and on foods and in medicines, and also their compounds, will contribute to developing preparations with a stronger impact on nematode larvae - parasites of the digestive tract of vertebrate animals and humans.

[Influence of psychopathological factors and personality traits on the results of the study of quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis]. / Vliianie psikhopatologicheskikh faktorov i osobennostei lichnosti na rezul'taty issledovaniia kachestva zhizni bol'nykh rasseiannym sklerozom.

AIM: To study the influence of psychopathological factors and personality traits on the results of the study of quality of life (QoL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three patients with relapsing MS were included in the study (74.4% female; mean age 33.1 years). SF-36 was used to evaluate QoL. Effects of psychopathological factors, cognitive regulation of emotions and personality traits on QoL were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple linear model. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A wide number of strategies of cognitive regulation of emotions has conflicting effects on the physical component of QoL; subscales of anhedonic depression and anxious arousal (MASQ), which probably represent depressive and anxiety disorders, decrease the physical component of QoL. The key factors of the mental component of QoL include psychopathological factors (mostly obsessive-compulsive symptoms) and personality traits (the more intense they are the lower is QoL). Strategies of cognitive regulation of emotions have low impact on the mental component of QoL.

[Results of a phase 1 clinical study of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (BCD-132): pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety]. / Rezul'taty I fazy klinicheskogo issledovaniia monoklonal'nogo antitela protiv CD20 (BCD-132): farmakokinetika, farmakodinamika i bezopasnost'.

AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity of two intravenous dosing regimens of the new anti-B-cells drug BCD-132 (JSC BIOCAD, Russia) at ascending doses in patients with remitting multiple sclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with multiple sclerosis were sequentially randomized in the multicenter open-label uncontrolled multicohort phase I study (3+3 design) and assigned to 4 cohorts (8 groups). Patients in each cohort received an intravenous infusion of BCD-132 at a predefined dose ranging from 100 to 1000 mg based on the planned algorithm of dose escalation if no dose-limiting toxicities occurred. RESULTS: The assessment of the number of cells positive for the main B-cell antigens over time demonstrated a direct effect of BCD-132 on B lymphocytes when used at a wide range of doses (100 to 1000 mg) in patients with remitting multiple sclerosis. No significant variation of the number of T-cells was observed, which clearly proves strict specificity of BCD-132 exclusively to B lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: BCD-132 has an expected pharmacodynamic effect of long-term depletion of CD19+ and CD20+ B lymphocytes and an acceptable safety profile when used to treat patients with remitting multiple sclerosis at all tested doses.

[Changes in the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab]. / Izmeneniia kachestva zhizni patsientov s rasseiannym sklerozom na fone kursa lecheniia okrelizumabom.

AIM: To study the quality of life (QoL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with ocrelizumab for at least 12 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients were observed, including 13 with primary progressive MS (PPMS), 15 with highly active relapsing-remitting MS (HAMS) and 10 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) with relapses. QoL was studied using unspecific SF-36 and MS-specific MusiQoL questionnaires. Depression and fatigue were assessed with the Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Basic characteristics of QoL indexes of the patients were similar to those previously reported for these MS variants. After 6 and 12 months, a significant increase in the indexes of the majority of SF-36 and MusiQoL scales was identified that shows a significant improvement in both physical and psychological domains of QoL. The significant and rapid decrease in depression severity after 6-month treatment with ocrelizumab may at least in part be associated with improvement of indexes of vitality, general health, social relations and the total QoL score.

[The improvement of quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis over 15-year period]. / Uluchshenie pokazatelei kachestva zhizni bol'nykh rasseiannym sklerozom za 15-letnii period.

In this article, the authors compared the results of the studies on quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) of large groups of patients with multiple sclerosis conducted in 2000-2003 and 2012-2016 years.

[Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis in Russia: a medical-sociological study involving patients and neurologists]. / Pervichno-progressiruiushchii rasseiannyi skleroz v Rossii: mediko-sotsiologicheskoe issledovanie s uchastiem patsientov i nevrologov.

The main results of a medical-sociological study aimed at the evaluation of the level of satisfaction with treatment in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) are presented. The survey was conducted in 19 regions of the Russian Federation and involved 437 patients with confirmed diagnosis of PPMS and 80 neurologists specialized in multiple sclerosis. The research was carried out by the All-Russian Public Organization of Disabled People with Multiple Sclerosis with the participation of the Russian Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis. This is the first medical-sociological study in the Russian Federation involving patients with PPMS and neurologists. The study revealed typical medical and social problems patients with PPMS faced. A significant decrease in quality-of-life of PPMS patients was shown.

[Additional possible mechanisms of the action of ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis on example of a case-report]. / Vozmozhnye dopolnitel'nye mekhanizmy deistviia okrelizumaba pri rasseiannom skleroze na primere klinicheskogo sluchaia.

Anti-B-cells products, including the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ocrelizumab, are widely coming to multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy. Its clinical-MRI efficacy in MS with relapses as well in primary progressive MS (PPMS) was proved by three phase III clinical studies. One example of the use of ocrelizumab use in aggressive MS showed the possibility of action on the leptomeningeal folliculi, seen at contract-enhancing MRI images.

Experimental evaluation of 2-merkaptobenztyazol radioprotective capacities on cell cultures test system. / EKSPERYMENTAL'NA OTsINKA RADIOPROTEKTORNYKh VLASTYVOSTEi 2-MERKAPTOBENZTIAZOLU U TEST-SYSTEMI KUL'TURY KLITYN.

OBJECTIVE: To study the radioprotective properties of 2-merkaptobenztyazol on proliferating cell culture test system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: cytogenetic, cytological, statistics. RESULTS: Analysis of cytogenetic effects of 2-merkaptobenztiazol by frequency aberrations criteria and aberrant cells damage criteria showed that upon entire investigated range of reagent concentrations the frequency of aberrations was not significantly higher than the value of this indicator in control, but there was a tendency of reduction of mitotic activity of root meristem cells. Upon the incubation of inoculated cell line L929 with 2-merkaptobenztiazolom in the concentration range 0.03 - 3.00 mg/ml statistically significant change (r≤0,05) of cell population density in monolayer cultures was found. At the same time for all the applied reagent concentrations stimulation of mitotic activity in the terminal (5 days) stage of cultivation was observed. Exposure of cells by gamma quanta of 60Co in doses of 1, 5 and 10 Gy led to dose-dependant morphological changes in cell culture. Exposure of cells in the presence of 2-merkaptobenztiaz significantly reduced the negative impact of radiation on cell viability parameters in cultureConclusions. Quantifying radioprotective properties of 2-merkaptobenztyazol in the test system - cell cultureL929 - showed that the highest rates of protection factor (0, 31 - 0.36) reagent had at a concentration of 3 mg/ml under the irradiation at a 1Gy dose. However, dose reduction factor (DRF) calculated by LD50 for concentrations of 0.03 and 0.30 mg/ml had a value of 1.5 and 1.8 respectively, and the concentration of 3.00 mg/ml DRF was the maximum - 4.The literature study and the results of our own research showed that 2 merkaptobenztiazol can be considered to be reagent with radioprotective properties for cells in vitro.

[ENDOSCOPIC RESECTIONS FOR BENIGN TUMORS OF DUODENAL PAPILLA MAGNA].

The results of endoscopic interventions, performed in 63 patients, suffering benign tumors of duodenal papilla magna (DPM) in Department of Laparoscopic Surgery and Choledocholithiasis in 2005-2014 yrs, were studied. Total one-staged papillectomy was performed in 15 patients, fragmentary total papillectomy--12, local resection of DPM--11, adenomectomy--25. Complicated have had occur in 8 (12.7%) patients. All the patients are alive.