Ratio of jet cross sections at square root of s = 630 GeV and 1800 GeV.

The D0 Collaboration has measured the inclusive jet cross section in barpp collisions at square root of s = 630 GeV. The results for pseudorapidities (eta)<0.5 are combined with our previous results at square root of s = 1800 GeV to form a ratio of cross sections with smaller uncertainties than either individual measurement. Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions show excellent agreement with the measurement at 630 GeV; agreement is also satisfactory for the ratio. Specifically, despite a 10% to 15% difference in the absolute magnitude, the dependence of the ratio on jet transverse momentum is very similar for data and theory.

Search for large extra dimensions in dielectron and diphoton production.

We report a search for effects of large extra spatial dimensions in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.8 TeV with the D0 detector, using events containing a pair of electrons or photons. The data are in good agreement with the expected background and do not exhibit evidence for large extra dimensions. We set the most restrictive lower limits to date, at the 95% C.L. on the effective Planck scale between 1.0 and 1.4 TeV for several formalisms and numbers of extra dimensions.

The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.

The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) associates oculocutaneous albinism with a haemorrhagic diathesis and the accumulation of ceroid-like material in different tissues. HPS is not an uncommon type of albinism as it was diagnosed in 13.5% (8/59) of our autosomal recessive albinos. These eight patients were evaluated ophthalmologically and haematologically. Apart from the symptoms caused by the albinism, accompanying signs vary from ecchymoses to life threatening haemorrhages and death by associated restrictive lung disease. Recognition of this syndrome by the ophthalmologist can be of major importance in this serious and eventually fatal disorder.

[Decrease of labor absenteeism associated with hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women]. / Disminución del ausentismo laboral asociado a la terapia de reemplazo hormonal en mujeres postmenopáusicas.

Absenteeism affects efficiency and costs of health care. Most of health workers are middle age women, whose climacteric symptoms may reduce their work capacity working at a public hospital in Santiago during 1992. Fifty-eight percent were postmenopausal and 34.8% of these were receiving hormone replacement therapy. Global absenteeism rate was 17.1 days/year. These figures were 14.8 days/year for premenopausal and 17.8 days/year for postmenopausal women (NS). Among the latter, those women receiving hormone replacement therapy had a significantly lower absenteeism rate (9.4 days/year compared to 20.4 days/year among those not receiving hormones). Osteoarticular diseases were responsible for 44.3% and psychiatric diseases for 18.1% of sick leaves. No differences in absenteeism were observed between different professional levels. We conclude that hormone replacement therapy is associated with a better working capacity in postmenopausal women.

Disminución del ausentismo laboral asociado a la terapia de reemplazo hormonal en mujeres postmenopáusicas / Dicrease of work absenteeism related to hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women

Absenteeism affects efficiency and costs of health care. Most of health workers are middle age women, whose climateric symptoms may reduce their work capacity. We studied absenteeism rates due to medical causes in 444 women of 40 years old or more, working at a public hospitalñ in Santiago during 1992. Fifty-eight percent were postmenopausal and 34.8 percent of these were receiving hormone replacement therapy. Global absenteeism rate was 17.1 days/year. These figures were 14.8 days-year for premenopausal and 17.8 days/year for the postmenopausal women (NS). Among the later, those women receiving hormone replacement therapy had a significantly lower absenteeism rate (9.4 days/year compared to 20.4 days/year among those not receiving hormones). Osteoarticular diseases were responsible for 44.3 percent and psychiatric diseases for 18.1 percent of sick leaves. No differences in absenteeism were observed between different professional levels. We conclude that hormone replacement therapy is associated with a better working capacity in postmenopausal women

[Knowledge and beliefs of the effect of menopause and estrogenic therapy on health. Study in women attending the Barros Luco-Trudeau Hospital]. / Conocimientos y creencias del efecto de la menopausia y de la terapia estrogénica sobre la salud. Estudio en mujeres beneficiarias del Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau.

The benefits of hormonal replacement therapy are widely known. In spite of this, the proportion of women under treatment is low. The study aims to evaluate the amount of knowledge that patients have, about menopause, and how it influences compliance with therapy. In our study, 494 women attending the outpatient's clinic of Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau were interviewed; 93.5% considered that menopause has adverse effects upon health; 87.9% believes that it produces emotional disturbances; 55.1% bone-related and 40.9% cardiac problems. Sixty six point eight percent of the consulted women know that there is a treatment for menopause. Half of the women interviewed had consulted the physician specifically for this reason; however, only one third are or were under treatment. Obesity, hirsutism and cancer are considered to be the main secondary effects to treatment. Patients who have not received hormone therapy have a much lower degree of knowledge about menopause than the treated ones, and amongst the latter, those who abandon treatment have less information than the ones that remain under treatment. As a conclusion, we may say that our patients have information about menopause and also that they attend to the physician's office for this reason. The knowledge about the matter and related beliefs influence both adherence to and compliance with therapy.

[Double-blind method of the effect of menopause symptoms, lipid profile, and endometrial thickness of continuous therapy with estradiol valerate and medroxyprogesterone acetate]. / Estudio doble ciego del effecto sobre la sintomatología menopáusica, el perfil lipídico y el grosor endometrial de una terapia continua de valerato de estradiol más acetato de medroxiprogesterona.

Continuous combined therapy (CCT) using estrogens and progestagens has appeared as an alternative to avoid vaginal bleeding, which is characteristic of sequential hormone therapy, and the main reason for the stopping treatment. Irregular vaginal bleeding can occur at the beginning of treatment, but it has been observed that after a few months patients are in amenorrhea. Fifty postmenopausal women were studied in order to evaluate the clinical outcome. Half of them were treated with a product containing 2 mg estradiol valerate and 2.5 mg medroxiprogesterone acetate, while the other half received a placebo. Menopause symptomatology was recorded as described by Blatt-Kupperman, depression was evaluated with the use of Hamilton's test, lipid profile by enzymatic methods and endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasonography. Patients were evaluated at the beginning, third and sixth month of the study, following a double blind methodology. Symptomatology diminished both in patients under CCT and using placebo, although improvement was significantly greater in patient under CCT. Thus in the hormone treated group the Blatt-Kupperman score fell from 12.1 to 6.4 and 3.2 in the third and sixth month respectively, while in the group receiving placebo the score fell from 11.5 to 6.3 in the third month and raised to 7.4 in the sixth month. Hamilton's test showed a significant improvement of depression only in patients under hormone therapy. Nineteen out of twenty five women using CCT had vaginal bleeding, showing no changes in the endometrial thickness during the study. Finally, HDL-cholesterol was raised in 14.5% while LDL-cholesterol was lowered in 18.7% (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Microsurgical reconstruction of fallopian tubes]. / Reconstrucción microquirúrgica de la trompa de Falopio.

A six year study of 90 women with tuboperitoneal infertility at the Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau is presented. 32.2% of them had tubal sterilization and had distal tubal occlusion. In 62.2% the peritoneal factor was present. In 40% distal microsurgery was done and in 32.2% proximal microsurgery was performed. The pregnancy rate was 48.8% in patients with adequate follow-up. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 9.5%.

[Symptomatic profile of the climacteric female. Clinical experience]. / Perfil sintomatico de la mujer climaterica. Experiencia clinica.

UNLABELLED: To describe the symptoms of the climacteric female, 287 climacteric patients had their symptoms evaluated according to the criteria of Blatt-Kupperman for menopause. The median age was 50 years (P10 = 43 and P90 = 58). The main complaint was flushing in 46%, psychiatric symptoms in 17.8% a health examination in 14.6%, osteoporosis in 11.1%, menstrual problems in 6.3%, and other symptoms in 4.5%. Asthenia was a prominent symptom in 82% of patients, followed closely by headache, irritability and depression. Flushing was present in 77% of patients. Symptoms not usually associated to menopause, such as vertigo, palpitations and bone pain were quite prevalent. Only 69% of females were sexually active. Among them, 45% complained of dyspareunia and 58% of decreased or absent libido. The median Blatt index was 27. Working capacity was affected in 87% of patients. CONCLUSION: The menopausal period is associated to many symptoms which may motivate females to consult an internist.

[Menopause: a disease?]. / La menopausia: una enfermedad?

As life expectancy lengthens, the period that women must live deprived of estrogens is also lengthened. Not only does this hormonal deficit produce the known vasomotor symptoms, but it also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and bone fractures. The fact that replacement therapy using hormones during the postmenopause attenuates these risks has lead to the thought that we might be facing a disease. Moreover, menopause meets the criteria that define disease. In spite of considering that to define menopause as a disease might be daring, we cannot rule it out.

[Variation of bone density in relation to age: analysis of 259 necropsies]. / Variación de la densidad osea con la edad: análisis de 259 necropsias.

In a previous study we reported a relatively low incidence of hip fracture in our population compared to figures reported elsewhere and speculated that this could be related to differences in bone density. Accordingly, we measured bone density in 259 subjects at necropsy. In 172 males we found that bone density decreased from 0.88 g/cc at age 21-30 to 0.80 at age 70 (NS). In women, density decreased from 1.0 at age 21-30 to 0.84 at age 50, 0.69 at age 60 and 0.64 in those older than 70 years (p less than 0.01). These figures are higher than those reported from USA at all ages and could explain the lower incidence of hip fractures in our population.

[Postmenopausal women: changes in plasma lipids with different estrogen replacement therapies]. / Mujeres postmenopáusicas: cambios de los lípidos plasmáticos con distintas terapias estrogénicas de reemplazo.

We measured total, HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in 183 postmenopausal women before and 4 weeks after hormone therapy. Ethinyl estradiol or conjugated estrogens alone or in association with medroxyprogesterone, norethyndrone or norgestrel were used in different dosages either continuously or sequentially. Total cholesterol decreased from 206 to 196 mg/dl and HDL raised from 47 to 53 mg/dl (p less than 0.001) except in the group treated with estradiol-levonorgestrel in which HDL fell from 41 to 36 mg/dl (p less than 0.001). HDL cholesterol decreased from 133 to 113 mg/dl, overall. The total cholesterol/HDL ratio decreased from 4.8 to 4.2 in all groups except the group previously mentioned. Estrogen therapy, isolated or in association to medroxyprogesterone induced a moderate increase in serum triglyceride levels (132 to 149 mg/dl, p less than 0.001). Thus, the administration of estrogens in postmenopausal women is associated with a decrease in total, LDL and total/HDL cholesterol ratio and an increase in triglycerides. Norgestrel but not medroxyprogesterone partially revert these effects.

Relación entre el nivel socioeconómico y la edad de la menopausia / Relation between socieconomic level and the age of menopause

En un trabajo previo describimos que la Edad de Menopausia (EM) en pacientes del SSMS era de 47 años. Con el objeto de aclarar si esta baja EM pudiera estar asociada a su bajo nivel socioeconómico se entrevistó a 178 mujeres de un nivel económicamente superior, ("Damas de Rojo") y se las comparó con las beneficiarias del SSMS. La edad promedio, al momento de la encuesta, fue similar en ambos grupos: 55,6 años en las mujeres de nivel socioeconómico más alto y 54.9 años en las beneficiarias (NS). Al analizar las mujeres con menopausia natural se observó que la EM, normalizada con logit-lof, era más temprana en las beneficiarias (47.0 ñ 4.4 Vs 48.8 ñ 5.1 años, p < 0.002). La edad de menarquia en ellas fue menor (12.7 ñ 2.1) Vs 13.6 ñ 1.1 años, p < 01.001). Sobrepeso u obesidad se encontró en 47.1% y 22.8% respectivamente (p < 0.001). Encontramos, por lo tanto, que la menopausia se presenta casi 2 años antes en los estratos socioeconómicos más modesto

Algunas características clínicas de la menopausia / Some clinical aspects of menopausia

En los últimos años la menopausia ha adquirido notoriedad por las serias consecuencias que tiene sobre el esqueleto y el sistema cardiovascular. Con el objeto de conocer algunas características de esta etapa de la vida se entrevistó a 722 mujeres entre 35 y 65 años: 412 fueron consideradas menopáusicas. La mediana edad de menopausia (EM) fue 47,8 años; el promedio, 47,6 + - 4,6, y el normalizado con Longit-Log, 47,0 + - 4,4 años. El 46,1% de las mujeres cesó de menstruar sin alteraciones previas de sus ciclos. En las restantes, 84,3% presentó trastornos durante menos de un año. El 34% de las mujeres jamás presentó bochornos. De las 223 (53,7%) que mantenían vida sexual activa, el 61,9% presentó dispareunia. En nuestra población estudiada la EM es menor que la publicada por autores extranjeros. Es menor en las esterilizadas quirúrgicamente (p. 0,003); en las fumadoras, (p. 0,01), y en las que tuvieron una menarquia más precoz (p. 0,05)