[Prostatic Stromal Tumors of Uncertain Malignant Potential (STUMP): definition, pathology, prognosis and management]. / Tumeur stromale prostatique à potentiel malin incertain (STUMP) : définition, anatomopathologie, pronostic et prise en charge.

Prostatic Stromal Tumors of Uncertain Malignant Potential (STUMP) are rare tumor of the prostate of mesenchymal origin, accounting, with sarcoma for 0.1-0.2% of all malignant prostatic tumours. They however require to be individualized, to differentiate it from a benign prostatic hyperplasia or a sarcoma of the prostate. The therapeutic management should be made keeping in mind the risk of degeneration towards a malignant shape. Although the appropriate treatment is unknown, radical prostatectomy seem to be the treatment of reference, especially for young patient or for extensive lesion.

[Predictive factors and long term carcinogenic results of patients who no longer have residual tumors (stage pT0) on specimens of total cystectomy carried out for cancer of the bladder]. / Facteurs prédictifs et résultats carcinologiques à long terme des patients n'ayant plus de tumeur résiduelle (stade pT0) sur la pièce de cystectomie totale réalisée pour cancer de vessie.

AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate predictive factors and long-term carcinogenic results for patients who had had a total cystectomy for cancer of the bladder and whose final histological results did not show evidence of a residual tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1988 to 2002, 192 patients had a total cystectomy for a bladder tumor. No residual tumor (pT0) was evident in the specimens of cystectomy of 22 patients (11.5%). None of the patients had distant metastasis or ganglions at the time of the initial examination. RESULTS: Predictive factors for having no residual tumors based on the specimen of cystectomy (pT0) were an antecedent of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.0079), an interval between the resection of the bladder and the cystectomy of more than 12 weeks (p=0.0014) and a resection of the initial bladder considered complete (p=0.0036). The average treatment of these 22 patients was 70+/-46 months. During treatment, two patients (9%) had a recurrence in the pelvis and 10 patients died including one from the development of his cancer of the bladder. Global, specific and non-recurrence survival at five years were 75%, 100% and 94%, respectively. We revealed better specific survival (p=0.0007) and without relapse (p<0.0001) in patients who no longer had a tumor on the specimen of cystectomy (pT0) compared with patients who had a residual tumor (pT+) but with no difference in global survival (p=0.0574). CONCLUSION: The absence of residual tumors (pT0) on a specimen of total cystectomy for cancer of the bladder was a good factor for prognosis regarding long-term survival even if tumor development was observed. Complete resection and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy probably played a beneficial role in the future of these patients.

[Mortality and morbidity of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in patients over the age of 75]. / Mortalité et morbidité des cystectomies totales pour cancer de la vessie chez les patients de plus de 75 ans.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality and morbidity of cystectomy and the functional results of the associated diversions in patients over the age of 75 operated for bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1988 to 2002, 37 patients (29 men and 8 women) aged between 75 to 88 years (median: 79 years) underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. All patients had at least one comorbidity factor, 17 patients were classified as ASA II (45.9%) and 20 were classified as ASA III and IV (54.1%). An external urinary diversion was performed in 35 patients and orthotopic bladder replacement was performed in two patients. The mean follow-up was 21.0 months (range: 0.3-88.6). The mortality, early and late morbidity, and functional results were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no intraoperative mortality and the early mortality rate was 5.4% (2/37). The early medical morbidity rate was 24.3%, essentially cardiovascular (pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema), and the early surgical morbidity rate was 2.7%. The late morbidity rate was 27.0%, essentially corresponding to wound complications (peristomal or midline incisional hernias). In terms of functional results, a peristomal incisional hernia with stoma appliance difficulties was observed in 11.4% of patients with an external diversion. One of the two patients treated by bladder replacement performed intermittent self-catheterization and the other was continent during the day and required pads at night. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the acceptable mortality and early and late morbidity results allow radical cystectomy to be proposed in patients over the age of 75.

[Prognostic value of lymph node dissections in bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy]. / Valeur pronostique du curage ganglionnaire lors des cystectomies totales pour cancer de la vessie.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this retrospective study was to analyse the impact of lymph node invasion on survival after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1988 to 2002, 192 patients underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Lymph node dissection was performed in 144 patients (75%) with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection in 130 patients and extension to iliac chains in 14 patients. RESULTS: Lymph node dissection had no impact on medical or surgical morbidity. Lymph node invasion was demonstrated in 35.4% of cases (51/144). Tumour effraction of the lymph node capsule was reported in 70.6% (36/51) of pN+ patients. Lymph node invasion was reported in 16.7% of pT0 patients, 0% of pTa, pTis, pT1 patients and 40, 47 and 48% of pT2, pT3 and pT4 patients, respectively. The mean follow-up was 40.3+/-3.5 months (median: 26.6; range 0-207 months). Overall, specific and recurrence-free survivals were significantly influenced by lymph node invasion (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively) and capsular effraction (p=0.0021, p=0.0027, p=0.0113, respectively). CONCLUSION: Lymph node invasion and especially capsular effraction were significant prognostic factors of overall specific and recurrence-free survival.

[Surgical complications in kidney transplantation]. / Complications chirurgicales de la transplantation rénale.

Kidney transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients with end stage renal disease since it offers an excellent quality of life. Moreover, the economic impact is considerable, particularly beyond the first year. Indeed, the annual cost of a successful renal transplantation is ten fold lower than haemodialysis. But surgical complications remain one of our main concerns. Surgical complications are various. They may be non-specific as haematomas, incision-induced hernias and wound infections. They may also be directly related to the procedure as vascular thrombosis and urinary fistula in the early postoperative period or arterial stenosis and ureteral obstruction in the late post-operative period. The accurate diagnosis and the appropriate management of these complications are the most important tasks for the surgical team. This review is based upon our experience in kidney transplantation and upon the medical published data.