Continuous Variable Entanglement in an Optical Parametric Oscillator Based on a Nondegenerate Four Wave Mixing Process in Hot Alkali Atoms.

We present the measurement of entanglement between twin beams generated with a doubly resonant optical parameter oscillator (OPO) based on four-wave mixing in hot ^{85}Rb vapor above threshold. This is the first measurement of entanglement in an OPO with a χ^{(3)} media above threshold. We reconstruct the covariance matrix for several configurations and based on a full picture of the four side band mode state, we study entanglement between all possible bipartitions. We show a robust generation of entanglement with stronger generation for a specific pair of modes. For this system, we show that atomic density is a determinant factor for the generation and loss of quantum correlations. The generation of entangled fields with an atomic OPO operating close to atomic resonance of alkali atoms enables a natural integration into quantum networks.

Age, Gleason Score, and PSA are important prognostic factors for survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Results of The Uroncor Group (Uro-Oncological Tumors) of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR).

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has changed significantly in recent years. Inhibitors of androgen receptors have shown especially significant benefits in overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), with a good toxicity profile. Treatment selection depends on the patient's individual clinical, radiological, and biological characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To describe treatment outcomes (efficacy, toxicity) in a cohort of patients with mCRPC in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicenter, retrospective study of patients with mCRPC included in a database of the Urological Tumour Working Group (URONCOR) of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR). Metastatic CRPC was defined according to the prostate cancer working group 3 (PCWG3) criteria. The Kaplan-Meier technique was used to evaluate OS and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, v.4.0) were used to assess toxicity. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the factors significantly associated with OS. RESULTS: A total of 314 patients from 17 hospitals in Spain diagnosed with mCRPC between June 2010 and September 2017 were included in this study. Mean age at diagnosis was 68 years (range 45-89). At a median follow-up of 35 months, OS at 1, 3, and 5 years were 92%, 38%, and 28%, respectively. Grades 1-2 and grade 3 toxicity rates were, respectively, 68% and 19%. No grade 4 toxicities were observed. On the multivariate analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with OS: age (hazard ratio [HR] 0.42, p = 0.010), PSA value at diagnosis of mCRPC (HR 0.55, p = 0.008), and Gleason score (HR 0.61, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Age, Gleason score, and PSA at diagnosis of mCRPC are independently associated with overall survival in patients with mCRPC. The efficacy and toxicity outcomes in this patient cohort treated in radiation oncology departments in Spain are consistent with previous reports.

Factores y determinantes del consumo de comida chatarra en estudiantes de la facultad de medicina, enfermería, nutrición y tecnología medica, La Paz- Bolivia 2016 / Determining factors and junk food consumption of students of the faculty of medicine, nutrition, enfermery and tecnolgy medical, La Paz – Bolivia, 2016

La comida chatarra se ha convertido en parte de los hábitos alimentarios de nuestra sociedad, siendo un factor determinante del sobrepeso y obesidad, entre otras enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, que atentan contra la buena salud que deberían gozar los estudiantes para un óptimo rendimiento académico. Una investigación realizada en Chile a estudiantes mostró que el 58,6 % consume comida chatarra debido a una ingesta inadecuada del desayuno, la omisión de ciertos tiempos de comida; el consumo de alimentos de mala calidad preparados en cafeterías de la misma universidad o lugares aledaños a causa de la falta de tiempo por la distancia hasta sus hogares. La misma realidad se ha observado en nuestra ciudad, de ahí la importancia de realizar y obtener resultados con este estudio. OBJETIVO: Identificar factores y determinantes de consumo de comida chatarra en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina, Nutrición, Enfermería y Tecnología Médica de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés - 2016. METODOLOGÍA: Descriptivo - transversal el análisis estadístico se utilizó SPSS Vr. 19 RESULTADOS: De 100 encuestados 69% son mujeres y 31% varones, el promedio de edad de la población estudiada fue de 22 años, 43% estudian medicina, 58% residentes en La Paz, 59% realiza actividad física, el 28% de las mujeres consume bocaditos, 38% sabe que la comida chatarra causa ECNT y su consumo en La Paz llega al 28% siendo el mayor, 36% consume al menos una vez/semana bebidas gaseosas y el 50,7% del sexo femenino reemplaza el almuerzo por comida chatarra frente al sexo masculino de 48,38%. El consumo de agua es bajo en mujeres, el 32% de 1 a 3 veces/día, el 48% reemplaza el almuerzo por comida chatarra y el 38% de medicina y 28% de nutrición tienen conocimiento de las ECNT que causan la comida chatarra.

Junk food has become part of the eating habits of our society; being a determinant of overweight and obesity are chronic non communicable diseases. According to research students in Chile was observed that 56.8% consumes junk food due to inadequate intake of breakfast, the omission of certain meal times, the consumption of this type of food do in snacks at the university or in surrounding areas because of the lack of time for the trip they make to their homes. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors and determinants of consumption of junk food students of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of San Andres 2016. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the survey to students of the Faculty of Medicine for the descriptive analysis of data SPSS 19 was used. RESULTS: Sample of 100 students 69% female and 31% are male, The mean age of the study population was 22 years, 43% from medicine, 58% live in the city of La Paz, the total 59% do physical activity, females have a frequency of 28% consumption of snacks, 38% know that junk food causes chronic disease, eating junk reaches 28% in La Paz being the highest, 36% consumes once / week fizzy drinks and 50.7% female replaced by junk food lunch male versus 48.38%. water consumption is low in women of 32% from 1 to 3 times / day, 48% replaces lunch for junk food and 38% medical and 28 % knowledge of nutrition have chronic disease causing junk food.

Blind colour separation of H&E stained histological images by linearly transforming the colour space.

Blind source separation methods aim to split information into the original sources. In histology, each dye component attempts to specifically characterize different microscopic structures. In the case of the hematoxylin-eosin stain, universally used for routine examination, quantitative analysis may often require the inspection of different morphological signatures related mainly to nuclei patterns, but also to stroma distribution. Stain separation is usually a preprocessing operation that is transversal to different applications. This paper presents a novel colour separation method that finds the hematoxylin and eosin clusters by projecting the whole (r,g,b) space to a folded surface connecting the distributions of a series of [(r-b),g] planes that divide the cloud of H&E tones. The proposed method produces density maps closer to those obtained with the colour mixing matrices set by an expert, when comparing with the density maps obtained using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), independent component analysis (ICA) and a state-of-the-art method. The method has outperformed three baseline methods, NMF, Macenko and ICA, in about 8%, 12% and 52% for the eosin component, whereas this was about 4%, 8% and 26% for the hematoxylin component.

Parathion, a cholinesterase-inhibiting plaguicide induces changes in tertiary villi of placenta of women exposed: a scanning electron microscopy study.

The objective of this work was to describe the anatomy of placentas from women who were at risk of exposure to parathion during their pregnancy, when examined with the light and scanning electron microscopes. Twenty term placentas were analyzed; 10 from women living in an agricultural area, who were at risk of exposure to parathion during their pregnancy, and 10 from women living in an urban area, not expressly exposed to pesticides. Each sample was examined with both light and scanning electron microscopes. Cholinesterase activity was significantly reduced in blood from women of the exposed group. In some placentas of women exposed to parathion, recent microinfarctions, microcalcifications and increased deposition of fibrinoid material were seen, along with a larger proportion of atypical characteristics of villi, such as bullous and balloon-like formations with nonhomogeneous surface, and other areas devoid of microvilli. These observations suggest that in chronic exposure to pesticides, the rate of atypical characteristics of placental villi increases, which could be related to changes in the fetus biology. In this study, one newborn from the exposed group showed intrauterine growth retardation and another one, some signs of hypoxia.

Semen quality of workers occupationally exposed to hydrocarbons.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether occupational exposure of men to hydrocarbons has adverse effects on the quality of their semen. DESIGN: Comparative study. SETTING: The rubber industry in Mexico City. PATIENT(S): Forty-eight workers who were exposed to hydrocarbons for 2-24 years and 42 unexposed workers. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Environmental hydrocarbon concentrations were determined by continuous air monitoring in all areas of the factory. Analyses of semen samples were performed in accordance with World Health Organization criteria. RESULT(S): Hydrocarbon concentrations were as follows: ethylbenzene, 220.7-234 mg/m3; benzene, 31.9-47.8 mg/m3; toluene, 189.7-212.5 mg/m3; and xylene, 47-56.4 mg/m3. The number of subjects with ejaculates that had normal characteristics was greater in the unexposed group (76%) than in the exposed group (17%). More abnormal characteristics were found in the semen of exposed workers than unexposed workers, including alterations in viscosity, liquefaction capacity, sperm count, sperm motility, and the proportion of sperm with normal morphology. Some abnormal characteristics correlated with the number of years of exposure to the hydrocarbons. CONCLUSION(S): Damage to the spermatogenic process resulting from hydrocarbon exposure was demonstrated by an increased rate of abnormalities in the semen of exposed workers compared with unexposed workers. This information may be useful for conducting future analyses of reproductive risks related to exposure to high concentrations of hydrocarbons.

[Experience with laparoscopic surgery for adnexal masses at the Regional Hospital of Temuco, Chile]. / Experiencia de cirugía laparoscópica en masas anexiales en el Hospital Regional Temuco-Chile.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has clear advantages over open surgical procedures. In gynecology, laparoscopic surgery for adnexal masses in pre or post menopausal women has been used for several years. AIM: To report the experience with gynecologic laparoscopic surgery at the Temuco Regional Hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 1998, laparoscopic surgery was done in 96 patients aged 16 to 56 years and open surgery in 56 patients aged 15 to 74 years, with a clinical or ultrasound diagnosis of adnexal masses or ovarian dermoid cysts. RESULTS: The most frequent tumors excised were epithelial and germinal cell. Laparoscopic surgery required a mean operative time of 69.9 min and it had a 3.1% of complications. Women subjected to this type of surgery had a mean hospital stay of 3.1 days and the mean postoperative stay was 2 days. Open surgery required an operative time of 69 min and it had no postoperative complications. The mean hospital stay for women subjected to this type of procedure was 9.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Women subjected to laparoscopic surgical procedures for adnexal masses had a shorter hospital stay than women subjected to open surgical procedures.

Toxicology of male reproduction in animals and humans.

Environmental contaminants can interfere with the male reproduction function. A review is presented of those pollutants with adverse effects on human reproduction. The possible effects of occupational and environmental exposure to various substances on male reproductive health are evaluated. This analysis considers studies showing damage of men exposed to halogenated hydrocarbons, other organic compounds, heavy metals and some physical agents, and some lifestyles, such as continuous stress, alcohol consumption, cigarette and marijuana smoking, and other addictions. Possible influences of these agents on the neuroendocrine system with the decrease of male fertility during the last decades are also discussed.

Evaluation of nuclear maturity in human spermatozoa obtained by sperm-preparation methods.

Change in the nuclear maturity has been considered as an index of sperm quality. This is done by using aniline blue staining that stains spermatozoa with disturbances in the chromatin condensation. Therefore, this technique was used to evaluate the quality of sperm obtained by sperm preparation methods. In 14 semen samples from healthy donors with normal semen analysis and normal forms, the swim-up (SU), Percoll gradient centrifugation (PG), glass wool column filtration (GW) and sedimentation-migration (SM) were performed. GW and SM methods presented the lowest number of spermatozoa with alteration in the nuclear maturity (ANM), 11, 14% and 12, 42% compared to native semen (19%) (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05 respectively). SU and PG did presented no significant difference compared to native semen. In tests using the four methods, approximately 60% of the ANM occurred in normal spermatozoa. In the cells with pathologic abnormalities and ANM, 74.5% corresponded to macrocephalic forms, as this abnormality correlated mainly with ANM. It is concluded that in a semen sample with a higher percentage of normal forms, approximately 19% will have an ANM. GW and SM methods obtain the lowest percentage of ANM. ANM presents itself in 98% of the macrocephalic forms and they are effectively isolated with the PG method. The practice of this simple technique may orientate towards the sperm preparation methods to be used in assisted reproduction.

[Use of GnRH analogs in hysteroscopic surgery]. / Uso de análogos GnRH en cirugía histeroscópica.

Hysteroscopic surgery has been widely used in gynaecology for the treatment of endocavitary fibroids, synechias, uterine septum and abnormal uterine bleeding. Reports proposed preoperative medical therapy to improve the endometrials conditions. Attempts at inhibiting the thickness and vascularity of the endometrium and to reduce the fibroids size in preparation for hysteroscopic surgery by using different types of hormones have been reported. The suppression provided for a long period of time after the procedure by gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs, is likely to help inhibit endometrial regeneration and provided even better long time success, in endometrial ablation and submucous leiomyomatas hysteroscopic surgery. A literature review of the efficiency of the gonadotropins releasing hormone agonist, in endometrial inhibition before surgery and small regional experience is shown.

Quimioterapia combinada con esquema FEM en Cáncer Gástrico Avanzado / Chemotherapy combined with scheme FEM in Cancer Advanced Gastric Use of the sequential alternating chemotherapy with epidoxorubicina in the induction of linfomas nonHodgkin

El Régimen FEM (Fluoruracil - Epidoxorubicina - Mitomicina) fue evaluado en 19 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico avanzado. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluables, catorce eran hombres (73.7 por ciento) y la edad mediana fue 55 años (24-75). Capacidad funcional según escala Zubrod fué 0-1 en 15 pacientes (78.9 por ciento). El diagnóstico fué hecho por endoscopía, radiología y/o cirugía, resultando según la clasificación de Borrmann, 9 casos tipo IV y 6 tipo III. En 10 pacientes no se practicó cirugía y 9 tuvieron Laparotomía solamente. El tipo histológico predominante fué adenocarcinoma 13 casos (68.4 por ciento). El índice de respuesta fué de 52.6 por ciento con una sobrevida mediana de 10.77 meses (4-15) y para el grupo no respuesta la sobrevida fué 3.24 meses (1-10). A la fecha ningún paciente sobrevive. Los efectos tóxicos más comunes fueron alopecía (67.9 por ciento), gastrointestinal (63.16 por ciento). No se registraron casos de cardiotoxicidad y/o hepatoxicidad. Se concluye que el esquema FEM es tán efectivo como el FAM para el tratamiento del cáncer gástrico avanzado.

Cirrosis hepática: análisis de 203 casos / Hepatic cirrhosis: analysis of 203 cases

Se revisan 203 casos de cirrosis hepática atendidos en el Servicio de Medicina. A. El 89.1% tiene antecedentes alcohólicos. B. Los pacientes ingresan al hospital en etapa avanzada de su enfermedad. C. La mortalidad es del 54%. D. La hemorragia digestiva alta, insuficiencia hepática y coma son las complicaciones predominantes