Quaternity method for integrated screening, separation, extraction optimization, and bioactivity evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Sophora flavescens Aiton.

INTRODUCTION: Sophora flavescens Aiton (Fabaceae), a ubiquitous plant species in Asia, contains a wide range of pharmacologically active compounds, such as flavonoids, with potential anti-Alzheimer's disease (anti-AD) effects. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to develop a quaternity method for the screening, isolation, extraction optimization, and activity evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting compounds from S. flavescens to realize high-throughput screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicine and to provide experimental data for the development of anti-AD drugs. METHODS: With AChE as the target molecule, affinity ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were applied to screen for potential inhibitors of the enzyme in S. flavescens. Orthogonal array experiments combined with the multi-objective Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III was used for the first time to optimize the process for extracting the active substances. Enzyme inhibition kinetics and molecular docking studies were performed to verify the potential anti-AD effects of the active compounds. RESULTS: Five AChE-inhibiting compounds were identified: kushenol I, kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G, isokurarinone, and kushenol E. These were successfully separated at purities of 72.88%, 98.55%, 96.86%, 96.74%, and 95.84%, respectively, using the n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (4.0/5.0/4.0/5.0, v/v/v/v), n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5.0/5.0/6.0/4.0, v/v/v/v), and n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (4.9/5.1/5.7/4.3, v/v/v/v) mobile phase systems. Enzyme inhibition kinetics revealed that kushenol E had the best inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION: This study elucidates the mechanism of action of five active AChE inhibitors in S. flavescens and provides a theoretical basis for the screening and development of anti-AD and other therapeutic drugs.

Multiple free-radical-trapping and hydrogen-bonding-enhanced polyurethane foams with long-lasting flame retardancy, aging resistance, and toughness.

Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is a ubiquitous material utilized in furniture cushions, mattresses, and various technical applications. Despite the widespread use, FPUF faces challenges in maintaining long-lasting flame retardancy and aging resistance, particularly in harsh environments, while retaining mechanical robustness. Here, we present a novel approach to address these issues by enhancing FPUF through multiple free-radical-trapping and hydrogen-bonding mechanisms. A hindered amine phosphorus-containing polyol (DTAP) was designed and chemically introduced into FPUF. The distinctive synergy between hindered amine and phosphorus-containing structures enables the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds with urethane, while also effectively capturing free radicals across a broad temperature spectrum. As a result, incorporating only 5.1 wt% of DTAP led to the material successfully passing vertical burning tests and witnessing notable enhancements in tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength. Even after enduring accelerated thermal aging for 168 hours, the foam maintained exceptional flame retardancy and mechanical properties. This study offers novel insights into material enhancement, simultaneously achieving outstanding long-lasting flame retardancy, toughness, and anti-aging performance.

2D nanomaterials-based delivery systems and their potentials in anticancer synergistic photo-immunotherapy.

As the field of cancer therapeutics evolves, integrating two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with photo-immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach with significant potential to augment cancer treatment efficacy. These 2D nanomaterials include graphene-based 2D nanomaterials, 2D MXenes, 2D layered double hydroxides, black phosphorus nanosheets, 2D metal-organic frameworks, and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. They exhibit high load capacities, multiple functionalization pathways, optimal biocompatibility, and physiological stability. Predominantly, they function as anti-tumor delivery systems, amalgamating diverse therapeutic modalities, most notably phototherapy and immunotherapy, and the former is a recognized non-invasive treatment modality, and the latter represents the most promising anti-cancer strategy presently accessible. Thus, integrating phototherapy and immunotherapy founded on 2D nanomaterials unveils a novel paradigm in the war against cancer. This review delineates the latest developments in 2D nanomaterials as delivery systems for synergistic photo-immunotherapy in cancer treatment. We elaborate on the burgeoning realm of photo-immunotherapy, exploring the interplay between phototherapy and enhanced immune cells, immune response modulation, or immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Notably, the strategies to augment photo-immunotherapy have also been discussed. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of these 2D nanomaterials in photo-immunotherapy.

Functionalized Thienopyrazines on NiOx Film as Self-Assembled Monolayer for Efficient Tin-Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Two-Step Method.

Three functionalized thienopyrazines (TPs), TP-MN (1), TP-CA (2), and TPT-MN (3) were designed and synthesized as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited on the NiOx film for tin-perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). Thermal, optical, electrochemical, morphological, crystallinity, hole mobility, and charge recombination properties, as well as DFT-derived energy levels with electrostatic surface potential mapping of these SAMs, have been thoroughly investigated and discussed. The structure of the TP-MN (1) single crystal was successfully grown and analyzed to support the uniform SAM produced on the ITO/NiOx substrate. When we used NiOx as HTM in TPSC, the device showed poor performance. To improve the efficiency of TPSC, we utilized a combination of new organic SAMs with NiOx HTM, the TPSC device exhibited the highest PCE of 7.7% for TP-MN (1). Hence, the designed NiOx/TP-MN (1) acts as a new model system for the development of efficient SAM-based TPSC. To the best of our knowledge, the combination of organic SAMs with anchoring CN/CN or CN/COOH groups, and NiOx HTM for TPSC has never been reported elsewhere. The TPSC device based on the NiOx/TP-MN bilayer exhibits great enduring stability for performance, retaining ~80% of its original value for shelf storage over 4000 h.

Temporal Trends of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Taiwan from 2016 to 2020: A Population-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: There are scanty population-based studies investigating the incidence and prevalence rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Taiwan. AIMS: This study aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence and incidence of IBD and identify its noticeable trends in Taiwan between 2016 and 2020. METHODS: A retrospective study by analyzing the data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. RESULTS: A total of 2595 patients with catastrophic IBD illness were registered from 2016 to 2020 in Taiwan (CD, 880; UC, 1715). The male-to-female ratio in the study sample was 1.83:1 for CD and 1.69:1 for UC. The median age of those registered with CD and UC was 37 and 47 years, respectively. The incidence rate of CD was 0.65 per 100,000 persons in 2016 and it was increased to 0.81 per 100,000 persons in 2020. The incidence rate of UC was 1.16 per 100,000 persons in 2016 and it was increased to 1.53 in 2020. Overall, the incidence of IBD was increase from 1.81 per 100,000 persons to 2.34 per 100,000 persons between 2016 and 2020. Overall, the prevalence rates of IBD was increase from 14.95 per 100,000 persons to 20.02 per 100,000 persons between 2016 and 2020. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological stages of IBD in Taiwan was considered in the acceleration in incidence stage, during which incidence rises and prevalence is relatively low. Understanding these geographical differences is important for the rising global burden of IBD.

Development of graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots-based oxygen self-sufficient platforms for enhanced corneal crosslinking.

Keratoconus, a disorder characterized by corneal thinning and weakening, results in vision loss. Corneal crosslinking (CXL) can halt the progression of keratoconus. The development of accelerated corneal crosslinking (A-CXL) protocols to shorten the treatment time has been hampered by the rapid depletion of stromal oxygen when higher UVA intensities are used, resulting in a reduced cross-linking effect. It is therefore imperative to develop better methods to increase the oxygen concentration within the corneal stroma during the A-CXL process. Photocatalytic oxygen-generating nanomaterials are promising candidates to solve the hypoxia problem during A-CXL. Biocompatible graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) quantum dots (QDs)-based oxygen self-sufficient platforms including g-C3N4 QDs and riboflavin/g-C3N4 QDs composites (RF@g-C3N4 QDs) have been developed in this study. Both display excellent photocatalytic oxygen generation ability, high reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield, and excellent biosafety. More importantly, the A-CXL effect of the g-C3N4 QDs or RF@g-C3N4 QDs composite on male New Zealand white rabbits is better than that of the riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium (RF) A-CXL protocol under the same conditions, indicating excellent strengthening of the cornea after A-CXL treatments. These lead us to suggest the potential application of g-C3N4 QDs in A-CXL for corneal ectasias and other corneal diseases.

Morroniside attenuates podocytes lipid deposition in diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation study.

BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a key factor influencing the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Morroniside (MOR) is a major active compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Cornus officinalis, our previous research found that it can improve the lipid deposition of renal tubular epithelial cells. The purpose of this study is to explore whether MOR can improve podocyte lipid deposition and its mechanism of reducing DN. METHODS: Initially, we used network pharmacology and bioinformatics techniques to predict the relationship between renal lipid metabolism of MOR and DN. Subsequently, the binding activity of MOR with lipid-related proteins was studied by molecular docking to determine how MOR acts through these proteins. After determining the target of MOR, animal experiments and cell tests were carried out to verify it. RESULTS: Using network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking, target proteins for MOR treatment of DN were predicted and screened, including PGC-1α, LXRs, ABCA1, PPARY, CD36, and nephrin. It is particularly noted that MOR effectively binds to PGC-1α, while LXRs, ABCA1, PPARY and CD36 are downstream molecules of PGC-1α. Silencing the PGC-1α gene significantly reduced the therapeutic effects of MOR. Conversely, in groups without PGC-1α knockdown, MOR was able to increase the expression levels of PGC-1α and influence the expression of downstream proteins. Furthermore, through in vivo and in vitro experiments, utilizing techniques such as lipid droplet staining, PAS, MASSON staining, immunofluorescence, and Western blot, we found that MOR effectively elevated the expression levels of the podocyte protein nephrin and lipid metabolism-regulating proteins PGC-1α, PPARY, and ABCA1, while significantly inhibiting the expression of the lipid accumulation promoter CD36. CONCLUSION: MOR can regulate the cholesterol efflux in podocytes via the PGC-1α/LXRs/ABCA1 signaling pathway, and control cholesterol intake via the PGC-1α/PPARY/CD36 signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating lipid deposition in DN.

Investigation of non-volatile metabolite variations during round green tea processing and effect of pan-frying degree using untargeted metabolomics and objective quantification.

Round green tea (RGT) presents unique properties and is widely distributed in China, and during processing, it undergoes dynamic changes in non-volatile metabolites (NVMs), which are poorly understood. Utilizing UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS analysis, this study comprehensively characterized 216 NVMs during RGT processing and identified fixation and pan-frying as key processes influencing NVMs. Additionally, 23 key differential NVMs were screened, with amino acid and flavonoid metabolism highlighted as key metabolic pathways for RGT taste and color quality. The impact of pan-frying degree on shape, color, and taste was also explored. Moderate pan-frying led to optimal results, including a tight and round shape, green and bright color, mellow and umami taste, and reduced astringent and bitter taste NVMs, including epigallocatechin gallate, procyanidin B2, myricetin 3-O-galactoside, quinic acid, strictinin, phenylalanine, and theobromine. This study addresses the NVM research gap in RGT processing, thus providing a technical foundation for the precision-oriented processing of high-quality tea.

Reconstructing Helmholtz Plane Enables Robust F-Rich Interface for Long-Life and High-Safe Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Hard carbon (HC) is the most commonly used anode material in sodium-ion batteries. However, the solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer formed in carbonate ester-based electrolytes has an imperceptible dissolution tendency and a sluggish Na+ diffusion kinetics, resulting in unsatisfactory performance of the HC anode. Given that electrode/electrolyte interface property is highly dependent on the configuration of Helmholtz plane, we filtrate proper solvents by PFBE (PF6- anion binding energy) and CAE (carbon absorption energy) and disclose the function of chosen TFEP to reconstruct the Helmholtz plane and regulate the SEI film on HC anode. Benefiting from the preferential adsorption tendency on HC surface and strong anion-dragging interaction of TFEP, a robust and thin anion-derived F-rich SEI film is established, which greatly enhances the mechanical stability and the Na+ ion diffusion kinetics of the electrode/electrolyte interface. The rationally designed TFEP-based electrolyte endows Na||HC half-cell and 2.8 Ah HC||Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 pouch cell with excellent rate capability, long cycle life, high safety and low-temperature adaptability. It is believed that this insightful recognition of tuning interface properties will pave a new avenue on the design of compatible electrolyte for low-cost, long-life, and high-safe sodium-ion batteries.

Designing Symmetric Gradient Honeycomb Structures with Carbon-Coated Iron-Based Composites for High-Efficiency Microwave Absorption.

The impedance matching of absorbers is a vital factor affecting their microwave absorption (MA) properties. In this work, we controllably synthesized Material of Institute Lavoisier 88C (MIL-88C) with varying aspect ratios (AR) as a precursor by regulating oil bath conditions, followed by one-step thermal decomposition to obtain carbon-coated iron-based composites. Modifying the precursor MIL-88C (Fe) preparation conditions, such as the molar ratio between metal ions and organic ligands (M/O), oil bath temperature, and oil bath time, influenced the phases, graphitization degree, and AR of the derivatives, enabling low filler loading, achieving well-matched impedance, and ensuring outstanding MA properties. The MOF-derivatives 2 (MD2)/polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVDF), MD3/PVDF, and MD4/PVDF absorbers all exhibited excellent MA properties with optimal filler loadings below 20 wt% and as low as 5 wt%. The MD2/PVDF (5 wt%) achieved a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.52 GHz (1.90 mm). The MD3/PVDF (10 wt%) possessed a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of - 67.4 at 12.56 GHz (2.13 mm). A symmetric gradient honeycomb structure (SGHS) was constructed utilizing the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) to further extend the EAB, achieving an EAB of 14.6 GHz and a RLmin of - 59.0 dB. This research offers a viable inspiration to creating structures or materials with high-efficiency MA properties.

Construction and application of a home exercise rehabilitation management program for elderly stroke patients based on the Functional Independence Measure score.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop a home exercise rehabilitation management program for elderly stroke patients based on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score and assess its effectiveness through practical application. METHODS: A prospective asynchronous controlled trial was conducted involving 290 elderly stroke patients, with 145 assigned to the control group and 145 to the intervention group. The control group received standard home rehabilitation instructions, while the intervention group followed a home exercise rehabilitation program guided by FIM scores. The program was developed through research group discussions, evidence-based literature review, and expert input. The efficacy of the program was evaluated by comparing self-care ability and exercise function between the two patient groups. RESULTS: After 4 and 8 weeks of intervention, the motor assessment scale (MAS), Barthel Index scores and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group, and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was lower than this of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The home exercise rehabilitation management program for elderly stroke patients based on FIM scores was developed in a scientifically sound manner. This program holds significant theoretical implications for enhancing the home exercise regimen of elderly stroke patients and facilitating the rehabilitation of their limb functions.

Dandelion-like VSe2-embellished CuSe-Co3Se4 hollow nanotube clusters as bifunctional catalysts for high-performance alkaline hydrogen evolution and solar cells.

Among the various non-precious metal catalysts that drive hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), transition metal selenides (TMSs) stand out due to their unique electronic properties and tunable morphology. Herein, the multicomponent selenide CuSe-Co3Se4@VSe2 was successfully synthesized by doping with metal element vanadium and selenization on the copper-cobalt carbonate hydroxide (CuCo-CH) template. CuSe-Co3Se4@VSe2 exhibited the dandelion-like cluster structure composed of hollow nanotubes doped with VSe2 nanoparticles. Due to the unique structure and the synergistic effect of various elements, CuSe-Co3Se4@VSe2 showed excellent alkaline HER and DSSC performances. The DSSC based on CuSe-Co3Se4@VSe2 exhibited an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.64 %, which was much higher than that of Pt (8.39 %). Besides, it possessed a low HER overpotential of 76 mV@10 mA cm-2 and a small Tafel slope of 88.9 mV dec-1 in 1.0 M KOH.

Projection neurons from medial entorhinal cortex to basolateral amygdala are critical for the retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory.

The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is crucial for contextual memory, yet its role in context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory remains unclear. This study investigated the role of the MEC and its projection neurons from MEC layer 5 to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) (MEC-BLA neurons) in context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory. Results show that context activates the MEC in morphine withdrawal mice, and the inactivation of the MEC inhibits context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory. At neural circuits, context activates MEC-BLA neurons in morphine withdrawal mice, and the inactivation of MEC-BLA neurons inhibits context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory. But MEC-BLA neurons are not activated by conditioning of context and morphine withdrawal, and the inhibition of MEC-BLA neurons do not influence the coupling of context and morphine withdrawal memory. These results suggest that MEC-BLA neurons are critical for the retrieval, but not for the formation, of morphine withdrawal memory.

Acceptability, Effectiveness, and Roles of mHealth Applications in Supporting Cancer Pain Self-Management: Integrative Review.

BACKGROUND:  Cancer pain remains highly prevalent and persistent throughout survivorship, and it is crucial to investigate the potential of leveraging the advanced features of mobile health (mHealth) apps to empower individuals to self-manage their pain. OBJECTIVE:  This review aims to comprehensively understand the acceptability, users' experiences, and effectiveness of mHealth apps in supporting cancer pain self-management. METHODS:  We conducted an integrative review following Souza and Whittemore and Knafl's 6 review processes. Literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO, and Embase, from 2013 to 2023. Keywords including "cancer patients," "pain," "self-management," "mHealth applications," and relevant synonyms were used in the search. The Johns Hopkins research evidence appraisal tool was used to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted to analyze the extracted data. RESULTS:  A total of 20 studies were included, with the overall quality rated as high (n=15) to good (n=5). Using mHealth apps to monitor and manage pain was acceptable for most patients with cancer. The internal consistency of the mHealth in measuring pain was 0.96. The reported daily assessment or engagement rate ranged from 61.9% to 76.8%. All mHealth apps were designed for multimodal interventions. Participants generally had positive experiences using pain apps, rating them as enjoyable and user-friendly. In addition, 6 studies reported significant improvements in health outcomes, including enhancement in pain remission (severity and intensity), medication adherence, and a reduced frequency of breakthrough pain. The most frequently highlighted roles of mHealth apps included pain monitoring, tracking, reminders, education facilitation, and support coordination. CONCLUSIONS:  mHealth apps are effective and acceptable in supporting pain self-management. They offer a promising multi-model approach for patients to monitor, track, and manage their pain. These findings provide evidence-based insights for leveraging mHealth apps to support cancer pain self-management. More high-quality studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of digital technology-based interventions for cancer pain self-management and to identify the facilitators and barriers to their implementation in real-world practice.

Overview of clinical status, treatment, and long-term outcomes of pediatric autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease: a nationwide survey in Taiwan.

This retrospective study investigated the incidence, medication use, and outcomes in pediatric autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). A 1:4 matched control group of individuals included in the NHIRD during the same period was used for comparative analyses. A total of 621 pediatric patients were identified from 2009 to 2019 (mean age, 9.51 ± 6.43 years), and ADPKD incidence ranged from 2.32 to 4.45 per 100,000 individuals (cumulative incidence, 1.26-1.57%). The incidence of newly developed hypertension, anti-hypertensive agent use, nephrolithiasis, and proteinuria were significantly higher in the ADPKD group than the non-ADPKD group (0.7 vs. 0.04, 2.26 vs. 0.30, 0.4 vs. 0.02, and 0.73 vs. 0.05 per 100 person-years, respectively). The adjusted hazard ratios for developing hypertension, proteinuria, nephrolithiasis and anti-hypertensive agent use in cases of newly-diagnosed pediatric ADPKD were 12.36 (95% CI 4.92-31.0), 13.49 (95% CI 5.23-34.79), 13.17 (95% CI 2.48-69.98), and 6.38 (95% CI 4.12-9.89), respectively. The incidence of congenital cardiac defects, hematuria, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal diverticulosis, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia were also higher in the ADPKD group. Our study offers valuable insights into the epidemiology of pediatric ADPKD in Taiwan and could help in formulating guidelines for its appropriate management.

Role of combined surgical and radiotherapy treatment in nonmetastatic WHO I nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (KSCC) is recognized as WHO I nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Current guidelines for treating nasopharyngeal cancer do not delineate specific strategies for individual pathologic subtypes. OBJECTIVES: To explore the optimal treatment for KSCC of the nasopharynx. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on patients were extracted from the SEER database. Survival differences between patients treated with radiotherapy alone and combined surgery were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models and compared using propensity score matching (PSM). In addition, we explored the survival differences between the two groups of patients in different risk stratifications. RESULTS: In our study, 165 patients underwent surgical intervention, while 1238 patients did not. In both univariate (CSS: p = .001, HR = 0.612; OS: p < .001, HR = 0.623) and multivariate (CSS: p = .004, HR = 0.655; OS: p < .001, HR = 0.655) analyses, combined surgery was identified as a significant prognostic factor. These findings were consistent after PSM. Using RPA, patients were categorized into two groups. CSS improved in the high-risk group, whereas the difference in low-risk patients was not significant. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: For patients diagnosed with WHO I nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the combination of radiotherapy and surgery has significant clinical advantages, especially for patients at high risk.

International Recommendations on Postoperative Management for Potentially Resectable Locally Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presents substantial challenges in clinical management. While postoperative re-irradiation (re-RT) has been acknowledged as a potential treatment option, standardized guidelines and consensus regarding the use of re-RT in this context are lacking. This article provides a comprehensive review and summary of international recommendations on postoperative management for potentially resectable locally recurrent NPC, with a special focus on postoperative re-RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A thorough search was conducted to identify relevant studies on postoperative re-RT for locally recurrent NPC. Controversial issues, including resectability criteria, margin assessment, indications for postoperative re-RT, and the optimal dose and method of re-RT, were addressed through a Delphi consensus process. RESULTS: The consensus recommendations emphasize the need for a clearer and broader definition of resectability, highlighting the importance of achieving clear surgical margins, preferably through an en bloc approach with frozen section margin assessment. Furthermore, these guidelines suggest considering re-RT for patients with positive or close margins. Optimal postoperative re-RT doses typically range around 60Gy, and hyperfractionation has shown promise in reducing toxicity. CONCLUSION: These guidelines aim to assist clinicians in making evidence-based decisions and improving patient outcomes in the management of potentially resectable locally recurrent NPC. By addressing key areas of controversy and providing recommendations on resectability, margin assessment, and re-RT parameters, these guidelines serve as a valuable resource for the clinical experts involved in the treatment of locally recurrent NPC. SUMMARY: This article provides international recommendations on postoperative management for potentially resectable locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), with a special focus on postoperative re-irradiation (re-RT). The consensus guidelines highlight the importance of achieving clear surgical margins, suggest considering re-RT for patients with positive or close margins, recommend an optimal re-RT dose of around 60Gy, and propose the use of hyperfractionation to reduce toxicity. The aim is to improve patient outcomes in the management of resectable locally recurrent NPC.

Recent Functionalized Strategies of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Anode Protection of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery.

The inherent benefits of aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs), such as environmental friendliness, affordability, and high theoretical capacity, render them promising candidates for energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the Zn anodes of ZIBs encounter severe challenges, including dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution reaction, corrosion, and surface passivation. These would result in the infeasibility of ZIBs in practical situations. To this end, artificial interfaces with functionalized materials are crafted to protect the Zn anode. They have the capability to modulate the zinc ion flux in proximity to the electrode surface and shield it from aqueous electrolytes by leveraging either size effects or charge effects. Considering metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable pore size, chemical composition, and stable framework structures, they have emerged as effective materials for building artificial interfaces, prolonging the lifespan, and improving the unitization of Zn anode. In this review, the contributions of MOFs for protecting Zn anode, which mainly involves facilitating homogeneous nucleation, manipulating selective deposition, regulating ion and charge flux, accelerating Zn desolvation, and shielding against free water and anions are comprehensively summarized. Importantly, the future research trajectories of MOFs for the protection of the Zn anode are underscored, which may propose new perspectives on the practical Zn anode and endow the MOFs with high-value applications.