Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites modified by catalase-like catalytic sites for the controlling of kiwifruit bacterial canker.

Kiwifruit bacterial canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa), is one of the most important diseases in kiwifruit, creating huge economic losses to kiwifruit-growing countries around the world. Metal-based nanomaterials offer a promising alternative strategy to combat plant diseases induced by bacterial infection. However, it is still challenging to design highly active nanomaterials for controlling kiwifruit bacterial canker. Here, a novel multifunctional nanocomposite (ZnO@PDA-Mn) is designed that integrates the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with the plant reactive oxygen species scavenging ability of catalase (CAT) enzyme-like active sites through introducing manganese modified polydopamine (PDA) coating. The results reveal that ZnO@PDA-Mn nanocomposites can efficiently catalyze the conversion of H2O2 to O2 and H2O to achieve excellent CAT-like activity. In vitro experiments demonstrate that ZnO@PDA-Mn nanocomposites maintain the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs and induce significant damage to bacterial cell membranes. Importantly, ZnO@PDA-Mn nanocomposites display outstanding curative and protective efficiencies of 47.7% and 53.8% at a dose of 200 µg mL-1 against Psa in vivo, which are superior to those of zinc thiozole (20.6% and 8.8%) and ZnO (38.7% and 33.8%). The nanocomposites offer improved in vivo control efficacy through direct bactericidal effects and decreasing oxidative damage in plants induced by bacterial infection. Our research underscores the potential of nanocomposites containing CAT-like active sites in plant protection, offering a promising strategy for sustainable disease management in agriculture.

Association between premature vascular smooth muscle cells senescence and vascular inflammation in Takayasu's arteritis.

OBJECTIVES: Arterial wall inflammation and remodelling are the characteristic features of Takayasu's arteritis (TAK). It has been proposed that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main targeted cells of inflammatory damage and participate in arterial remodelling in TAK. Whether VSMCs are actively involved in arterial wall inflammation has not been elucidated. Studies have shown that cellular senescence in tissue is closely related to local inflammation persistence. We aimed to investigate whether VSMCs senescence contributes to vascular inflammation and the prosenescent factors in TAK. METHODS: VSMCs senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype were detected by histological examination, bulk RNA-Seq and single-cell RNA-seq conducted on vascular surgery samples of TAK patients. The key prosenescent factors and the downstream signalling pathway were investigated in a series of in vitro and ex vivo experiments. RESULTS: Histological findings, primary cell culture and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that VSMCs of TAK patients had the features of premature senescence and contributed substantially to vascular inflammation by upregulating the expression of senescence-associated inflammatory cytokines. IL-6 was found to be the critical cytokine that drove VSMCs senescence and senescence-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in TAK. Mechanistically, IL-6-induced non-canonical mitochondrial localisation of phosphorylated STAT3 (Tyr705) prevented mitofusin 2 (MFN2) from proteasomal degradation, and subsequently promoted senescence-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and VSMCs senescence. Mitochondrial STAT3 or MFN2 inhibition ameliorated VSMCs senescence in ex vivo cultured arteries of TAK patients. CONCLUSIONS: VSMCs present features of cellular senescence and are actively involved in vascular inflammation in TAK. Vascular IL-6-mitochondrial STAT3-MFN2 signalling is an important driver of VSMCs senescence.

Association of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease with quantitative muscle features from computed tomography angiography.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between lower extremity muscle features from CTA and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) severity using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as reference standard. METHODS: Informed consent was waived for this Institutional Review Board approved retrospective study. PAD patients were recruited from July 2016 to September 2020. Two radiologists evaluated PAD severity on DSA and CTA using runoff score. The patients were divided into two groups: mild PAD (DSA score ≤ 7) vs. severe PAD (DSA score > 7). After segmenting lower extremity muscles from CTA, 95 features were extracted for univariable analysis, logistic regression model (LRM) analysis, and sub-dataset analysis (PAD prediction based on only part of the images). AUC of CTA score and LRMs for PAD prediction were calculated. Features were analyzed using Student's t test and chi-squared test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients (69 ± 11 years; 38 men) with 56 lower legs were enrolled in this study. The lower leg muscles of mild PAD group (36 patients) showed higher CT values (44.6 vs. 39.5, p < 0.001) with smaller dispersion (35.6 vs. 41.0, p < 0.001) than the severe group (20 patients). The AUC of CTA score, LRM-I (constructed with muscle features), and LRM-II (constructed with muscle features and CTA score) for PAD severity prediction were 0.81, 0.84, and 0.89, respectively. The highest predictive performance was observed in the image subset of the middle and inferior segments of lower extremity (LRM-I, 0.83; LRM-II, 0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Lower extremity muscle features are associated with PAD severity and can be used for PAD prediction. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Quantitative image features of lower extremity muscles are associated with the degree of lower leg arterial stenosis/occlusion and can be a beneficial supplement to the current imaging methods of vascular stenosis evaluation for the prediction of peripheral arterial disease severity. KEY POINTS: • Compared with severe PAD, lower leg muscles of mild PAD showed higher CT values (39.5 vs. 44.6, p < 0.001). • Models developed with muscle CT features had AUC = 0.89 for predicting PAD. • PAD severity prediction can be realized through the middle and inferior segment of images (AUC = 0.90).

The association between neuroendocrine/glucose metabolism and clinical outcomes and disease course in different clinical states of bipolar disorders.

Objective: The treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) remains challenging. The study evaluated the impact of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis/hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and glucose metabolism on the clinical outcomes in patients with bipolar depression (BD-D) and manic bipolar (BD-M) disorders. Methods: The research design involved a longitudinal prospective study. A total of 500 BD patients aged between 18 and 65 years treated in 15 hospitals located in Western China were enrolled in the study. The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were used to assess the BD symptoms. An effective treatment response was defined as a reduction in the symptom score of more than 25% after 12 weeks of treatment. The score of symptoms was correlated with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, the HPA axis hormone levels (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol), and the HPT axis hormone levels (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4)). Results: In the BD-M group, the YMRS was positively correlated with baseline T4 (r = 0.349, p = 0.010) and fT4 (r = 0.335, p = 0.013) and negatively correlated with fasting insulin (r = -0.289, p = 0.013). The pre-treatment HOMA-IR was significantly correlated with adverse course (p = 0.045, OR = 0.728). In the BD-D group, the baseline MADRS was significantly positively correlated with baseline fT3 (r = 0.223, p = 0.032) and fT4 (r = 0.315, p = 0.002), while baseline T3 (p = 0.032, OR = 5.071) was significantly positively related to treatment response. Conclusion: The HPT axis and glucose metabolism were closely associated with clinical outcomes at 12 weeks in both BD-D and BD-M groups. If confirmed in further longitudinal studies, monitoring T3 in BD-D patients and HOMA-IR for BD-M could be used as potential treatment response biomarkers.

An Anatomic Classification Scheme for Surgical Planning of Renal Artery Aneurysms.

PURPOSE: Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is a rare disease. This study proposed and evaluated a new classification for RAA to assist in surgical decision-making. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-center data of 105 patients with RAAs from the vascular department of vascular surgery were collected retrospectively. A new classification scheme was proposed. Type I aneurysms arise from the main trunk, accessory branch, or first-order branches away from any bifurcation. Type II aneurysms arise from the first bifurcation with narrow necks (defined as dome-to-neck ratio >2) or from intralobular branches. Type III aneurysms with a wide neck arise from the first bifurcation and affect 2 or more branches that cannot be sacrificed without significant infarction of the kidney. RESULTS: There was 50 (47.62%) type I, 33 (31.43%) type II, and 22 (20.95%) type III aneurysms. The classification assigned endovascular repair as first-line treatment (for type I or II), while open techniques were conducted if anatomically suitable (for type III). A kappa level of 0.752 was achieved by the classification compared with a level of 0.579 from the classic Rundback classification. Technical primary success was achieved in 100% and 96.05%, and symptoms were completely resolved in 100% and 84.85%, while hypertension was relieved in 84.21% and 72.92% of patients receiving open surgery or endovascular repair, respectively. No significant difference was observed for perioperative or long-term complications among the 3 classification types. CONCLUSION: The new classification proved to be a convenient and effective method for facilitating choice of intervention for RAAs. CLINICAL IMPACT: This study proposed and evaluated a new classification scheme for renal artery aneurysms, which proved to be a convenient and effective method for facilitating surgical decision-making. Coil embolization was the first-line treatment if suitable, while aneurysm resection and reconstruction with vein graft were conducted for some complex lesions. The safety and efficacy of both open and endovascular methods were validated.

Chronic abdominal aortic occlusive disease related to antiphospholipid syndrome: a rare presentation.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic abdominal aortic occlusive disease (CAAOD) is an uncommon manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), impacting cardiovascular health and peripheral arterial circulation. We investigated CAAOD in antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL)-positive patients, aimed to offer comprehensive clinical and radiological insights. METHODS: aPL-positive patients with arterial thrombotic events were categorised into CAAOD and non-CAAOD. Extensive data, including clinical features, radiological images and outcomes, were analysed. RESULTS: This case-control study involved 114 patients who experienced arterial events from 2013 to 2021, revealing 12 patients with abdominal aortic stenosis or occlusion. The CAAOD group, predominantly young (36.67±11.83) males (75.00%), exhibited significantly higher rates of critical smoking habits (66.67% vs 25.49%, p=0.006) and hyperhomocysteinaemia (66.67% vs 31.37%, p=0.026). Radiological findings showed long-segment infrarenal aorta stenosis in CAAOD, occasionally involving renal and common iliac arteries. The lesions presented varying degrees of stenosis, including smooth lumen narrow and total vascular occlusion. Treatment modalities typically involved interventions or surgery, complementing anticoagulation therapy. CONCLUSION: The study shed light on the rare occurrence of CAAOD in APS, highlighting the roles of smoking and hyperhomocysteinaemia as notable risk factors. These findings emphasised the significance of early diagnosis and management of CAAOD.

Aortic calcification correlates with pseudoaneurysm or penetrating aortic ulcer of different etiologies.

Chronic risk factors for pseudoaneurysm (PSA) or penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU) have not been fully clarified. This study aims to evaluate the association of aortic calcification with PSA or PAU of different etiologies. Totally 77 pseudoaneurysms, 80 PAU, and 160 healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively included, of which 30 were infected, 34 were immunological, and 93 were atherosclerotic etiologies. The aortic calcification status, position of aortic tears/ulcers, and risk factors for disease or acute aortic syndrome (AAS) were identified. Atherosclerotic patients aged more than 65 and infective patients aged more than 60 had significantly higher calcification scores. The immunological group had a lower level of calcification in the infrarenal aorta. For patients of infective or atherosclerotic etiology, 60% (18/30) and 60.22% (56/93) of the tears/ulcers occurred at the aortic parts with the highest level of calcification. Patients with longitudinal calcification exceeding 1/3 of the aortic arch had an increased risk of acquiring diseases (OR = 13.231). The presence of longitudinal calcification of the descending aorta or cross-sectional calcification of the infrarenal aorta increased the risks of acquiring diseases (OR = 8.484 and 8.804). After adjusting for age, longitudinal calcification of the descending aorta exceeding 1/3 length was found to be associated with AAS (OR = 4.662). Tears/ulcers of pseudoaneurysm and PAU were both generally found at the part of the aorta with most calcification. Distinct aorta calcification characteristics were observed for lesions of different etiologies. Longitudinal thoracic and cross-sectional infrarenal abdominal aortic calcification increased the risk of acquiring diseases, and descending aortic calcification was associated with symptomatic patients.

Dual-Frequency Ultrasound Assisted Thrombolysis in Interventional Therapy of Deep Vein Thrombosis.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. Currently, the treatment of DVT still needs a long time and faces a high risk of major bleeding. It is necessary to find a rapid and safe method for the therapy of DVT. Here, a dual-frequency ultrasound assisted thrombolysis (DF-UAT) is reported for the interventional treatment of DVT. A series of piezoelectric elements are placed in an interventional catheter to emit ultrasound waves with two independent frequencies in turn. The low-frequency ultrasound drives the drug-loaded droplets into the thrombus, while the high-frequency ultrasound causes the cavitation of the droplets in the thrombus. With the joint effect of the enhanced drug diffusion and the cavitation under the dual-frequency ultrasound, the thrombolytic efficacy can be improved. In a proof-of-concept experiment performed with living sheep, the recanalization of the iliac vein is realized in 15 min using the DF-UAT technology. Therefore, the DF-UAT can be one of the most promising methods in the interventional treatment of DVT.

Ex vivo tissue perturbations coupled to single-cell RNA-seq reveal multilineage cell circuit dynamics in human lung fibrogenesis.

Pulmonary fibrosis develops as a consequence of failed regeneration after injury. Analyzing mechanisms of regeneration and fibrogenesis directly in human tissue has been hampered by the lack of organotypic models and analytical techniques. In this work, we coupled ex vivo cytokine and drug perturbations of human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS) with single-cell RNA sequencing and induced a multilineage circuit of fibrogenic cell states in hPCLS. We showed that these cell states were highly similar to the in vivo cell circuit in a multicohort lung cell atlas from patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Using micro-CT-staged patient tissues, we characterized the appearance and interaction of myofibroblasts, an ectopic endothelial cell state, and basaloid epithelial cells in the thickened alveolar septum of early-stage lung fibrosis. Induction of these states in the hPCLS model provided evidence that the basaloid cell state was derived from alveolar type 2 cells, whereas the ectopic endothelial cell state emerged from capillary cell plasticity. Cell-cell communication routes in patients were largely conserved in hPCLS, and antifibrotic drug treatments showed highly cell type-specific effects. Our work provides an experimental framework for perturbational single-cell genomics directly in human lung tissue that enables analysis of tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and pathology. We further demonstrate that hPCLS offer an avenue for scalable, high-resolution drug testing to accelerate antifibrotic drug development and translation.

Drug-coated balloon for treatment of non-atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis-a multi-center study.

INTRODUCTION: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a significant reason for secondary hypertension. Impaired renal function and subsequent cardiopulmonary dysfunction could also occur. Patients of non-atherosclerotic RAS has a relatively young age and long life expectancy. Revascularization with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is a viable treatment option. However, restenosis is unavoidable which limits its use. Drug-coated balloon (DCB) has been proven to be effective in restenosis prevention in femoropopliteal arterial diseases and in patients with renal artery stenosis. And PTA for Renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia is safe and clinically successful. Therefore, we could speculate that DCB might have potential efficacy in non-atherosclerotic RAS treatment. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This will be a randomized multi-center-controlled trial. Eighty-four eligible participants will be assigned randomly in a 1:1 ratio to the control group (plain old balloon, POB) and the experimental group (DCB). Subjects in the former group will receive balloon dilatation alone, and in the latter group will undergo the DCB angioplasty. The DCB used in this study will be a paclitaxel-coated balloon (Orchid, Acotec Scientific Holdings Limited, Beijing, China). Follow-up visits will be scheduled 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the intervention. Primary outcomes will include controlled blood pressure and primary patency in the 9-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include technical success rate, complication rate, and bail-out stenting rate. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT05858190). Protocol version V.4 (3 May 2023).

Current Strategies of Surface Modifications to Polyurethane Biomaterials for Vascular Grafts.

As the number of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases and peripheral vascular diseases rises, the constraints of autologous transplantation remain unavoidable. As a result, artificial vascular grafts must be developed. Adhesion of proteins, platelets and bacteria on implants can result in stenosis, thrombus formation, and postoperative infection, which can be fatal for an implantation. Polyurethane, as a commonly used biomaterial, has been modified in various ways to deal with the adhesions of proteins, platelets, and bacteria and to stimulate endothelium adhesion. In this review, we briefly summarize the mechanisms behind adhesions, overview the current strategies of surface modifications of polyurethane biomaterials used in vascular grafts, and highlight the challenges that need to be addressed in future studies, aiming to gain a more profound understanding of how to develop artificial polyurethane vascular grafts with an enhanced implantation success rate and reduced side effect.

Operative experience on descending aorta with Takayasu Arteritis: a review.

Patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) and descending aorta involvement often experience insidious onset and slow progression, leading to irreversible vascular lesions despite medication therapy. Surgical management plays a crucial role in resolving hemodynamic disturbances and has shown promise in improving the outcomes of this patient population, owing to significant advancements in surgical expertise. However, studies focusing on this rare disease are lacking. This review summarizes the characteristics of patients with stenosis in descending aorta, emphasizing surgical approaches, perioperative management, and disease outcomes. The operative approach depends on lesion location and extent. Existing studies have confirmed that the choice of surgical modality significantly influences postoperative complications and long-term prognosis in patients, highlighting the effectiveness of bypass surgery as a favorable option in clinical practice with a satisfactory long-term patency rate. To mitigate postoperative complications, it is advisable to conduct regular imaging follow-ups to prevent the deterioration of the condition. Notably, the occurrence of restenosis and pseudoaneurysm formation deserves particular attention due to their impact on patient survival. The use of perioperative medication remains a topic of debate, as previous studies have presented divergent perspectives. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on surgical treatment and offer customized surgical approaches for patients in this population.

Plasma Lipidomics Analysis Reveals the Potential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholines in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression and Formation.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is hallmarked by irreversible dilation of the infrarenal aorta. Lipid deposition in the aortic wall and the potential importance of a lipid disorder in AAA etiology highlight the need to explore lipid variation during AAA development. This study aimed to systematically characterize the lipidomics associated with AAA size and progression. Plasma lipids from 106 subjects (36 non-AAA controls and 70 AAA patients) were comprehensively analyzed using untargeted lipidomics. An AAA animal model was established by embedding angiotensin-II pump in ApoE-/- mice for four weeks and blood was collected at 0, 2 and 4 weeks for lipidomic analysis. Using a false-discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, a group of lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) were specifically decreased in AAA patients and mice. LysoPCs were principally lower in the AAA patients with larger diameter (diameter > 50 mm) than those with a smaller size (30 mm < diameter < 50 mm), and levels of lysoPCs were also found to be decreased with modelling time and aneurysm formation in AAA mice. Correlation matrices between lipids and clinical characteristics identified that the positive correlation between lysoPCs and HDL-c was reduced and negative correlations between lysoPCs and CAD rate, lysoPCs and hsCRP were converted to positive correlations in AAA compared to control. Weakened positive correlations between plasma lysoPCs and circulating HDL-c in AAA suggested that HDL-lysoPCs may elicit instinctive physiological effects in AAA. This study provides evidence that reduced lysoPCs essentially underlie the pathogenesis of AAA and that lysoPCs are promising biomarkers for AAA development.

Case report: Multiple arterial stenoses induced by autosomal-recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2 associated with mutation of ENPP1: a case study.

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1)-related multiple arterial stenoses is a rare clinical syndrome in which global arterial calcification begins in infancy, with a high probability of early mortality, and hypophosphatemic rickets develops later in childhood. The vascular status of an ENPP1-mutated patient when they enter the rickets phase has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we presented a case of an adolescent with an ENPP1 mutation who complained of uncontrolled hypertension. Systematic radiography showed renal, carotid, cranial, and aortic stenoses as well as random calcification foci on arterial walls. The patient was incorrectly diagnosed with Takayasu's arteritis, and cortisol therapy had little effect on reducing the vascular stenosis. As a result, phosphate replacement, calcitriol substitution, and antihypertensive medication were prescribed, and the patient was discharged for further examination. This research presented the vascular alterations of an ENPP1-mutanted patient, and while there is less calcification, intimal thickening may be the primary cause of arterial stenosis.

Long Term Outcomes and Potential Risk Factors for Endovascular Repair of Aortic Pseudoaneurysms in Vascular Behçet's Disease.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse long term outcomes and risk factors for endovascular repair of aortic pseudoaneurysms in patients with vascular Behçet's disease (BD). METHODS: Medical records of 26 aortic vascular BD patients who underwent endovascular treatment at the vascular department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2002 and December 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C reactive protein were used to assess BD activity. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was obtained pre- and post-operatively for almost all patients. Univariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyse risk factors for endovascular repair, such as inflammatory indicators, drug usage, and stent graft parameters. RESULTS: The abdominal aorta (n = 17) was the most common site of 27 vascular BD pseudoaneurysms in this study. CTA also revealed one aortic arch pseudoaneurysm, seven descending thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysms, one thoraco-abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm, and one pseudoaneurysm at the aortic bifurcation. Most of the pseudoaneurysms were treated with covered stent grafts. The technical success rate was 96% and no deaths occurred during hospital stay. The mean follow up was 5.8 ± 5.5 years and 31% (8/26) experienced post-operative complications. Overall one, three, and five year event free survival rates were 87%, 78%, and 74%, respectively. Univariable logistic regression analysis revealed that pre-operative ESR ≥ 16.0 mm/h (p = .040), pre-operative glucocorticoid (GC) use ≤ 11.5 days (p = .024), pre-operative immunosuppressant use ≤ 15.5 days (p = .028), and length of proximal landing zone ≤ 1.95 cm (p = .034) were associated with a worse prognoses following endovascular treatment. Proximal oversize ≥ 9.5% (p = .074) was also regarded as a risk factor, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study further confirmed the feasibility of endovascular repair for aortic vascular BD patients. Risk factors predicting poor prognoses included elevated pre-operative ESR, insufficient pre-operative GC use or immunosuppressant use, inadequate proximal landing zone, and larger proximal oversize percentage.

Age, sex and angiographic type-related phenotypic differences in inpatients with Takayasu arteritis: A 13-year retrospective study at a national referral center in China.

Backgrounds: We aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics, vascular involvement, angiographic patterns, complications, and associations of these variables in a large sample of TAK patients at a national referral center in China. Methods: The medical records of TAK patients discharged from 2008 to 2020 were retrieved from the hospital discharge database using ICD-10 codes. Demographic data, vascular lesions, Numano classifications and complications were collected and analyzed. Results: The median age at onset was 25 years in 852 TAK patients (670 female, 182 male). Compared with the females, the male patients were more likely to have type IV and were more likely to have iliac (24.7% vs. 10.0%) and renal artery (62.7% vs. 53.9%) involvement. They also had a higher prevalence of systemic hypertension (62.1% vs. 42.4%), renal dysfunction (12.6% vs. 7.8%) and aortic aneurysm (AA) (8.2% vs. 3.6%). The childhood-onset group was more likely to have involvement of the abdominal aorta (68.4% vs. 52.1%), renal artery (69.0% vs. 51.8%) and superior mesenteric artery (41.5% vs. 28.5%), and they were more likely to have type IV, V and hypertension than the adult-onset group. After adjusting for sex and age at onset, the patients with type II were associated with an increased risk of cardiac dysfunction (II vs. I: OR = 5.42; II vs. IV: OR = 2.63) and pulmonary hypertension (II vs. I: OR = 4.78; II vs. IV: OR = 3.95) compared with those with types I and IV. Valvular abnormalities (61.0%) were observed to be most prevalent in patients with type IIa. The patients with Type III were associated with a higher risk of aortic aneurysm (23.3%) than the patients with types IV (OR = 11.00) and V (OR = 5.98). The patients with types III and IV were more commonly complicated with systemic hypertension than the patients with types I, II and V. P < 0.05 in all of the above comparisons. Conclusion: Sex, adult/childhood presentation and Numano angiographic type were significantly associated with differences in phenotypic manifestations, especially cardiopulmonary abnormalities, systemic hypertension, renal dysfunction and aortic aneurysm.

Iliac Artery Tortuosity Index in Chinese Patients with or without Aortic Artery Aneurysms and Related Influencing Factors.

BACKGROUND: Iliac artery tortuosity is an important anatomical factor that influences the endovascular repair of aortic artery aneurysms. The influencing factors of the iliac artery tortuosity index (TI) have not been well studied. TI of iliac arteries and related factors in Chinese patients with and without abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) were studied in this study. METHODS: One hundred and ten consecutive patients with AAA and 59 patients without AAA were included. For patients with AAA, the diameter of the AAA was 51.9 ± 13.3 mm (24.7-92.9 mm). Those without AAA had no history of definite arterial diseases and came from a cohort of patients diagnosed with urinary calculi. The central lines of the common iliac artery (CIA) and external iliac artery were depicted. The actual length and the straight distance were measured and used to calculate the TI (actual length/straight distance). Common demographic factors and anatomical parameters were analyzed to identify any related influencing factors. RESULTS: For patients without AAA, the total TI of the left and right side was 1.16 ± 0.14 and 1.16 ± 0.13, respectively (P = 0.48). For patients with AAAs, the total TI in the left and right side was 1.36 ± 0.21 and 1.36 ± 0.19, respectively (P = 0.87). The TI in external iliac artery was more severe than that in CIA both in patients with and without AAAs (P < 0.01). Age was the only demographic factor found to be associated with TI in patients with AAA (Pearson's correlation coefficient r ≈ 0.3, P < 0.01) and without AAA (r ≈ 0.6, P < 0.01). For anatomical parameters, the diameter was positively associated with the total TI (left side: r = 0.41, P < 0.01; right side: r = 0.34, P < 0.01). The ipsilateral CIA diameter was also associated with the TI (left side: r = 0.37, P < 0.01; right side: r = 0.31, P < 0.01). The length of the iliac arteries was not associated with age or AAA diameter. Reduction of the vertical distance of the iliac arteries may be a common underlying reason for age and AAA. CONCLUSIONS: Tortuosity of the iliac arteries was probably an age-related problem in normal individuals. It was also positively correlated with the diameter of the AAA and the ipsilateral CIA in patients with AAA. Attention should be paid to the evolution of iliac artery tortuosity and its influence when treating AAAs.

Image quality comparison of lower extremity CTA between CT routine reconstruction algorithms and deep learning reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the image quality of lower extremity computed tomography angiography (CTA) with deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) compared to model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), hybrid-iterative reconstruction (HIR), and filtered back projection (FBP). METHODS: Fifty patients (38 males, average age 59.8 ± 19.2 years) who underwent lower extremity CTA between January and May 2021 were included. Images were reconstructed with DLR, MBIR, HIR, and FBP. The standard deviation (SD), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), noise power spectrum (NPS) curves, and the blur effect, were calculated. The subjective image quality was independently evaluated by two radiologists. The diagnostic accuracy of DLR, MBIR, HIR, and FBP reconstruction algorithms was calculated. RESULTS: The CNR and SNR were significantly higher in DLR images than in the other three reconstruction algorithms, and the SD was significantly lower in DLR images of the soft tissues. The noise magnitude was the lowest with DLR. The NPS average spatial frequency (fav) values were higher using DLR than HIR. For blur effect evaluation, DLR and FBP were similar for soft tissues and the popliteal artery, which was better than HIR and worse than MBIR. In the aorta and femoral arteries, the blur effect of DLR was worse than MBIR and FBP and better than HIR. The subjective image quality score of DLR was the highest. The sensitivity and specificity of the lower extremity CTA with DLR were the highest in the four reconstruction algorithms with 98.4% and 97.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the other three reconstruction algorithms, DLR showed better objective and subjective image quality. The blur effect of the DLR was better than that of the HIR. The diagnostic accuracy of lower extremity CTA with DLR was the best among the four reconstruction algorithms.

Monocentric Evaluation of Physician-Modified Fenestrations or Parallel Endografts for Complex Aortic Diseases.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the demographic and anatomic characteristics, as well as perioperative and follow-up results of fenestration and parallel techniques for the endovascular repair of complex aortic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 67 consecutive patients underwent endovascular treatment for complex aortic diseases including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), thoracoabdominal aneurysm (TAAA), aortic dissection, or prior endovascular repair with either fenestrated and parallel endovascular aortic repair (f-EVAR or ch-EVAR) at a single institute from 2013 to 2021. Choices of intervention were made by the disease' emergency, patients' general condition, the anatomic characteristics, as well as following the recommendation from the devices' guidelines. Patients' clinical demographics, aortic disease characteristics, perioperative details, and disease courses were discussed. Short- and mid-term follow-up results were obtained and analyzed. Endpoints were aneurysm-related and unrelated mortality, branch instability, and renal function deterioration. RESULTS: Totally, 34 and 27 patients received f-EVAR and ch-EVAR, while 6 patients received a combination of both. Fenestrated endovascular aortic repair was conducted mainly in AAA affecting visceral branches and TAAA, whereas ch-EVAR was normally utilized for infrarenal AAA. Regarding the average number of reconstructed arteries per patient, there was a significant difference among f-EVAR, ch-EVAR, and the combination group (mean = 2.3 ± 0.9, 1.4 ± 0.6, 3.5 ± 0.5, p<0.001). Primary technical success was achieved in 28 (82.4%), 22 (81.5%), and 3 (50.0%) patients for each group. Besides operational time (5.77 ± 2.58, 4.47 ± 1.44, p=0.033), no significant difference was observed for blood transfusion, intensive care unit (ICU) or hospital stay, blood creatinine level, 30-day complications, or follow-up complications between patients undergoing f-EVAR or ch-EVAR. Patients receiving combination of both techniques had a higher rate of blood transfusion (p=0.044), longer operational time (p=0.008) or hospital stay (p=0.017), as well as more stent occlusion (p=0.001), endoleak (p=0.004) at short-term and a higher rate of endoleak (p=0.023) at mid-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that f-EVAR and ch-EVAR techniques had acceptable perioperative and follow-up results and should be considered viable alternatives when encountering complex aortic diseases. CLINICAL IMPACT: This study sought to investigate the baseline and pathological characteristics, as well as perioperative and follow-up results of f-EVAR and ch-EVAR at a single Chinese institution. F-EVAR (mostly physician-modified f-EVAR) was applied in patients with a wide range of etiologies and disease types, while ch-EVAR was preferred for AAA in older patients with an average higher ASA grade. Our experience suggested acceptable safety and efficacy both for techniques, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding any short or mid-term adverse events.