Statistical optimization of preparing marine macroalgae derived activated carbon/iron oxide magnetic composites for sequestering acetylsalicylic acid from aqueous media using response surface methodologys.

This study focuses on the optimization of synthetic conditions for preparing marine macroalgae-derived activated carbon/iron oxide magnetic composites (AC/Fe-MC) and its feasibility for the removal of acetylsalicylic acid from aqueous media. Response surface methodology coupled with a 3k Box-Behnken design was applied to determine the optimal conditions (independent variables: impregnation ratio, activation temperature, and activation time) towards two response variables (production yield and adsorption capacity). According to the analysis of variance and numerical desirability function approaches, the optimal conditions were impregnation ratio of 2.62:1, activation temperature of 727 °C, and activation time of 129 min. Physicochemical properties of the prepared composite revealed that AC/Fe-MC possesses a porous structure and superparamagnetic property, which substantially contributed to the effective adsorption capacity and separation from the solution using an external magnetic field. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium studies delineated that the pseudo-second-order and Sips isotherm models represent the adsorption behavior of AC/Fe-MC accurately. The maximum adsorption capacity of AC/Fe-MC was found to be around 127 mg/g at 10 °C, as fitted by Sips isotherm model, which is higher than that of other adsorbents reported in the literature. Intraparticle diffusion and Boyd models suggested that the adsorption process was mainly controlled by film diffusion mechanism. Lastly, thermodynamic and isosteric heat of adsorption analyses demonstrated that the adsorption process was controlled by physisorption and exothermic mechanisms.

Facile synthesis of magnetic biochar/Fe3O4 nanocomposites using electro-magnetization technique and its application on the removal of acid orange 7 from aqueous media.

This study introduces a new methodology to synthesize magnetic biochar/Fe3O4 nanocomposites (M-BC) from marine macroalgae using a facile electro-magnetization technique. M-BC was prepared by stainless steel electrode-based electrochemical system, followed by pyrolysis. Physical and chemical analyses revealed that the porosity and magnetic properties were simultaneously improved via the electro-magnetization process, which enabled not only higher adsorption performance, but also easier separation/recovery from aqueous media at post-adsorption stage using a bar magnet. The adsorption equilibrium studies reveal that the Sips model satisfactorily predicts the adsorption capacity, which found to be 190, 297, and 382mgg(-1) at 10, 20, and 30°C, respectively. The overall findings indicate that one-step electro-magnetization technique can be effectively utilized for the fabrication of biochar with concurrent acquisition of porosity and magnetism, which can bring about new directions in the practical use of adsorption process in environment remediation and mitigate crises originating from it.

Fabrication of granular activated carbons derived from spent coffee grounds by entrapment in calcium alginate beads for adsorption of acid orange 7 and methylene blue.

Biomass-based granular activated carbon was successfully prepared by entrapping activated carbon powder derived from spent coffee grounds into calcium-alginate beads (SCG-GAC) for the removal of acid orange 7 (AO7) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous media. The dye adsorption process is highly pH-dependent and essentially independent of ionic effects. The adsorption kinetics was satisfactorily described by the pore diffusion model, which revealed that pore diffusion was the rate-limiting step during the adsorption process. The equilibrium isotherm and isosteric heat of adsorption indicate that SCG-GAC possesses an energetically heterogeneous surface and operates via endothermic process in nature. The maximum adsorption capacities of SCG-GAC for AO7 (pH 3.0) and MB (pH 11.0) adsorption were found to be 665.9 and 986.8mg/g at 30°C, respectively. Lastly, regeneration tests further confirmed that SCG-GAC has promising potential in its reusability, showing removal efficiency of more than 80% even after seven consecutive cycles.

Sirt5 is a NAD-dependent protein lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase.

Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) proteins (sirtuins) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylases that regulate important biological processes. Mammals have seven sirtuins, Sirt1 to Sirt7. Four of them (Sirt4 to Sirt7) have no detectable or very weak deacetylase activity. We found that Sirt5 is an efficient protein lysine desuccinylase and demalonylase in vitro. The preference for succinyl and malonyl groups was explained by the presence of an arginine residue (Arg(105)) and tyrosine residue (Tyr(102)) in the acyl pocket of Sirt5. Several mammalian proteins were identified with mass spectrometry to have succinyl or malonyl lysine modifications. Deletion of Sirt5 in mice appeared to increase the level of succinylation on carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1, which is a known target of Sirt5. Thus, protein lysine succinylation may represent a posttranslational modification that can be reversed by Sirt5 in vivo.