RÉSUMÉ
Two thousand nine hundred fourteen Chinese children (1510 males and 1404 females) were examined for the presence of scleral melanocytosis (SM) and oculodermal melanocytosis in a cross-sectional prevalence survey. SM was found in 4.9% of boys and 4.1% of girls under the age of 1 year. The peak prevalence was at 6 years of age, when 44.6% of boys and 46.6% of girls were affected. At 18 years of age, only 11.1% of boys and 13.2% of girls had SM. The overall prevalence, regardless of age, was 27.6% in boys and 27. 1% in girls. The condition was bilateral in 78% of cases. The medial superior quadrant was the most frequently affected site, and the lateral inferior quadrant was the least frequently affected site. Oculodermal melanocytosis occurred only in one patient; the pigmentation affected the left side of the face and the ipsilateral sclera.