[Home Enteral Nutrition (NED) in children and adolescents. Recommendations of the Nutrition Branch of the Chilean Society of Pediatrics]. / Nutrición Enteral Domiciliaria (NED) en niños y adolescentes. Recomendaciones de la Rama de Nutrición de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría.

The use of home enteral or parenteral nutrition has been a necessary step in the optimization of nu tritional support in patients who, due to several diseases, fail to meet their nutritional requirements by oral feeding. This article presents the recommendations of the Chilean Pediatric Society Nutritio nal Branch, aimed at health teams that treat pediatric patients who require enteral feeding for a long time. The general objective is to provide guidelines for the proper management of these patients. It describes the ideal conformation of the health team for the care and follow-up of those patients, the program admission criteria, and its evaluation method over time. In addition, it describes general characteristics of enteral feeding, routes of administration, available enteral formulas, complications, and patient follow-up.

Nutrición Enteral Domiciliaria (NED) en niños y adolescentes: recomendaciones de la Rama de Nutrición de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría / Home Enteral Nutrition (NED) in children and adolescents: recommendations of the Nutrition Branch of the Chilean Society of Pediatrics

Resumen: El uso de apoyo nutricional ambulatorio, enteral o parenteral, ha sido un paso necesario en la opti mización del soporte nutricional en pacientes, que, por diversas patologías, no logran cumplir con sus requerimientos por vía oral (VO). En el presente artículo se presentan las recomendaciones de la Rama de Nutrición, dirigidas a los equipos de salud que atienden pacientes pediátricos, que requieran alimentación enteral por un tiempo prolongado. Su objetivo general es entregar pautas para un co rrecto manejo en estos pacientes. Se describe la conformación ideal del equipo de salud para atención y seguimiento de dichos pacientes, los criterios de ingreso al programa y su forma de evaluación en el tiempo. Además, se describen características generales de la alimentación enteral, vías de admi nistración, fórmulas enterales disponibles, complicaciones de este soporte nutricional y por último monitorización y seguimiento del paciente.

Abstract The use of home enteral or parenteral nutrition has been a necessary step in the optimization of nu tritional support in patients who, due to several diseases, fail to meet their nutritional requirements by oral feeding. This article presents the recommendations of the Chilean Pediatric Society Nutritio nal Branch, aimed at health teams that treat pediatric patients who require enteral feeding for a long time. The general objective is to provide guidelines for the proper management of these patients. It describes the ideal conformation of the health team for the care and follow-up of those patients, the program admission criteria, and its evaluation method over time. In addition, it describes general characteristics of enteral feeding, routes of administration, available enteral formulas, complications, and patient follow-up.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias en niños y adolescentes: recomendaciones de la rama de nutrición de la sociedad chilena de pediatría / Dyslipidemia management in children and adolescents: recommendations of the nutrition branch of the chilean society of pediatrics

La prevalencia de dislipidemias ha aumentado en niños y adolescentes, muchas de ellas asociadas al incremento de la obesidad. Puesto que constituyen un factor de riesgo cardiovascular futuro, deben conocerse las bases de su tratamiento. En la gran mayoría de los pacientes, éste consiste en cambios de estilo de vida, con dieta específica y aumento de la actividad física, presentando habitualmente una respuesta favorable. Solo una minoría requiere tratamiento medicamentoso, el que debe ser realizado por especialista en el contexto de una evaluación completa del perfil de riesgo cardiovascular, con la inclusión del paciente y su familia. Sin embargo, la prevención de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular debe ser realizada por todos los miembros del equipo de salud. Este artículo presenta las recomendaciones de la Rama de Nutrición de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría para el diagnóstico, tamizaje y tratamiento de las dislipidemias en la niñez.

The prevalence of dyslipidemia has dramatically increased in children and adolescents, and many of these cases are associated with increased obesity. As this condition represents cardiovascular risk in the future, the bases of its treatment should be widely known. In the vast majority of patients, there will be lifestyle changes, specific diet and increased physical activity, usually all of these resulting in a favorable response. Only a minority will require drug treatment, which must be prescribed by a specialist in the context of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment, including the patient and his family. The prevention of cardiovascular risk factors should be performed by all members of the health team. This article presents the recommendations of the Nutrition specialists of the Chilean Society of Pediatrics for screening, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia in childhood.

[Dyslipidemia management in children and adolescents: recommendations of the Nutrition Branch of the Chilean Society of Pediatrics]. / Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias en niños y adolescentes: recomendaciones de la Rama de Nutrición de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría.

The prevalence of dyslipidemia has dramatically increased in children and adolescents, and many of these cases are associated with increased obesity. As this condition represents cardiovascular risk in the future, the bases of its treatment should be widely known. In the vast majority of patients, there will be lifestyle changes, specific diet and increased physical activity, usually all of these resulting in a favorable response. Only a minority will require drug treatment, which must be prescribed by a specialist in the context of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment, including the patient and his family. The prevention of cardiovascular risk factors should be performed by all members of the health team. This article presents the recommendations of the Nutrition specialists of the Chilean Society of Pediatrics for screening, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia in childhood.

[Diagnosis of health needs of the elderly population of a community of Puerto Nuevo]. / Diagnóstico de necesidades de salud de la población de adultos viejos de un sector de la comunidad de Puerto Nuevo.

The purpose of this study was to identify the health needs of the non-institutionalized population, 65 years and over, residing in a sector of the community of Puerto Nuevo. This was the first urbanization established in Puerto Rico in the early 50's. The "snowball" technique was use to identify all the residents 65 year and over of the mentioned sector. Eighty five elderly persons were interviewed to gather data of the following variables: demographics, health conditions, preventive measures, activities of daily living (ADLs, IADLs), health services utilization, psychosocial aspects and use of programs and services available for the elderly population. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures and chi-square. Results revealed a population with a higher education and economic level than the average for this age group in Puerto Rico. People over 75 years over reported more functional limitations than the 65-74 years interviewees did. In comparison with men, women were less educated and presented a higher percent of widows, persons living alone and functional limitations. In almost all the interviewees, help was available in case of need. The majority expressed satisfaction with their family and social lives. Very few utilized programs and services available for elderly persons. It is concluded that in order to improve their quality of life, this population needs to be managed in an holistic mode to address their biopsychosocial needs and to be educated in health promotion issues to prevent further functional limitations. They also need education about the available services for elderly persons.

Evaluación nutricional en pacientes pediátricos con infección VIH / Nutritional evaluation in paediatric patients with HIV infection

Para conocer el estado nutricional de los niños chilenos infectados por VIH, se evaluaron todos aquellos en control en los Servicios de Salud de Santiago (n = 34) con infección VIH confirmada, en distintas etapas clínicas (agosto a octubre de 1996), 19 mujeres y 15 varones (0,5 a 9,0 años). Se evaluó antropometría y nutrición de zinc (Zn), cobre (Cu), retinol, tocoferol, carnitina y hierro, además de encuesta alimentaria. El estado nutricional P/E o P/T reveló a 12 desnutridos o en riesgo, sin asociación con etapa clínica. Seis tenían Zn en pelo bajo; 23 tenían Zn plasmático bajo, asociado con compromiso antropométrico (p = 0,04) y con enfermedad más avanzada (p = 0,022). Dos tenían hipocupremia, tres tocoferol bajo y todos retinol normal; 11 tenían carnitina total baja, 24 déficit de carnitina libre y 17 carnitina esterificada elevada. La ferritina sérica mostró déficit en 10 pacientes. Las encuestas revelaron ingestas normales de energía y proteína; 23 estaban bajo el 80 por ciento de las recomendaciones y riesgo de deficiencia de Zn y carnitina