Burden of disease and costs for the Unified Health System in Brazil due to diseases whose alcohol consumption is a necessary cause: an ecological study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to quantify the health and economic impacts of alcohol consumption in Brazil for 2019. STUDY DESIGN: Ecological study using secondary data sources. METHODS: We calculated the disease burden using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study, which incorporated data from health surveys and hospital records. Costs were estimated based on direct expenses recorded in the Hospital and Outpatient Information System of the Unified Health System, with data by sex, age group, cause, and Federative Units. RESULTS: Alcohol consumption was a necessary cause for 30,355 deaths and approximately 1.69 million disability-adjusted life years in Brazil, representing 2.2% and 2.6% of the national totals, respectively. The impact was more pronounced among men, in the Northeast region and within the 40- to 64-year-old age group. The total costs attributed to these outcomes reached approximately Int$43.1 million, with hospital admissions accounting for 94.16% of these expenses. CONCLUSION: In 2019, alcohol consumption had a significant impact on both the health of Brazilians and the expenses of the health system. As a preventable risk factor, alcohol consumption necessitates effective intersectoral strategies to mitigate its burden.

The allelopathic effects of aqueous Talinum triangulare (jacq.) willd extracts on the development of Lactuca sativa L. seedlings.

Plants that produce allelopathic compounds against weeds have emerged as a potential solution for the development of ecologically correct bioherbicides. Talinum triangulare is noteworthy in this regard, as its phytochemical composition encompasses flavonoids, alkaloids and other metabolites that can be used to develop inhibitory weed growth solutions. Lactuca sativa (lettuce) has been widely applied as a bioindicator species for bioherbicides and several chemicals, animal waste, water and soil quality, and atmospheric contamination, among others. In this context, this study aimed to assess the potential allelopathic effect of aqueous T. triangulare extracts on the development of L. sativa seedlings. A completely randomized design employing a 2x4 factorial scheme (shoot and root extracts) x the concentration of each extract (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5%) was applied, comprising four replications. Lactuca sativa seeds were sown on germitest papers soaked with the extracts in a germination chamber at 20°C. Physiological seed evaluations comprising the germination test, where normal and abnormal seedlings are counted on the seventh day after sowing, first normal seedling counts on the fourth day after sowing, and seedling and root length measurements. At the end of the germination test, L. sativa seedlings were separated for morphoanatomical characterizations and chlorophyll a fluorescence analyses. The T. triangulare extracts significantly influenced L. sativa root growth, with shoot extract exposure leading to more abnormal plants and lower root lengths at increasing concentrations and compared to the root extract. Root extract exposure led to evident cellular changes and lower non-photochemical quenching and unregulated dissipation quantum yields at a 5% exposure dose compared to shoot extract exposure. These findings suggest that both aqueous T. triangulare root and shoot extracts from 5% exposure doses exhibit high potential as bioherbicides, acting directly on plant structure, anatomy, quality, size and physiology.

Small understorey trees have greater capacity than canopy trees to adjust hydraulic traits following prolonged experimental drought in a tropical forest.

Future climate change predictions for tropical forests highlight increased frequency and intensity of extreme drought events. However, it remains unclear whether large and small trees have differential strategies to tolerate drought due to the different niches they occupy. The future of tropical forests is ultimately dependent on the capacity of small trees (<10 cm in diameter) to adjust their hydraulic system to tolerate drought. To address this question, we evaluated whether the drought tolerance of neotropical small trees can adjust to experimental water stress and was different from tall trees. We measured multiple drought resistance-related hydraulic traits across nine common neotropical genera at the world's longest-running tropical forest throughfall-exclusion experiment and compared their responses with surviving large canopy trees. Small understorey trees in both the control and the throughfall-exclusion treatment had lower minimum stomatal conductance and maximum hydraulic leaf-specific conductivity relative to large trees of the same genera, as well as a greater hydraulic safety margin (HSM), percentage loss of conductivity and embolism resistance, demonstrating that they occupy a distinct hydraulic niche. Surprisingly, in response to the drought treatment, small trees increased specific hydraulic conductivity by 56.3% and leaf:sapwood area ratio by 45.6%. The greater HSM of small understorey trees relative to large canopy trees likely enabled them to adjust other aspects of their hydraulic systems to increase hydraulic conductivity and take advantage of increases in light availability in the understorey resulting from the drought-induced mortality of canopy trees. Our results demonstrate that differences in hydraulic strategies between small understorey and large canopy trees drive hydraulic niche segregation. Small understorey trees can adjust their hydraulic systems in response to changes in water and light availability, indicating that natural regeneration of tropical forests following long-term drought may be possible.

Nonendodontic periapical lesions: a retrospective descriptive study in a Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: Several nonendodontic diseases can occur in the periapical region, resembling endodontic inflammatory conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of nonendodontic periapical lesions diagnosed in a Brazilian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The files of two Oral Pathology laboratories were reviewed and all cases including at least one clinical diagnosis of endodontic periapical lesions were selected for the study. After initial selection, demographic and clinical data, clinical diagnosis and final diagnosis were reviewed and tabulated. Final diagnosis included endodontic periapical lesions, and benign and malignant nonendodontic periapical lesions. Data were descriptively and comparatively analyzed among the three groups, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: Nonendodontic periapical lesions were identified in 208 (19%) out of the 1.125 registries included in the final sample. Benign nonendodontic periapical lesions (200 cases, 18%) were mostly odontogenic keratocysts, ameloblastomas, nasopalatine cysts, dentigerous cysts, glandular odontogenic cysts, and benign fibroosseous lesions. Malignant nonendodontic periapical lesions (8 cases, 1%) included carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and melanoma. In general, nonendodontic periapical lesions were more common in males and in the posterior mandible (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of nonendodontic periapical lesions was high and, although the general distribution was similar to the results from other populations, some features were probably associated with the profile of the studied populations and to the methods applied in the present study. Knowledge on differential diagnosis of endodontic and nonendodontic periapical lesions is essential to avoid unnecessary treatments and diagnostic delay in routine dental practice.

Identification of bacteriophages in the vagina of pregnant women: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence and identity of extracellular bacteriophage (phage) families, genera and species in the vagina of pregnant women. DESIGN: Descriptive, observational cohort study. SETTING: São Paulo, Brazil. POPULATION: Pregnant women at 21-24 weeks' gestation. METHODS: Vaginal samples from 107 women whose vaginal microbiome and pregnancy outcomes were previously determined were analysed for phages by metagenomic sequencing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Identification of phage families, genera and species. RESULTS: Phages were detected in 96 (89.7%) of the samples. Six different phage families were identified: Siphoviridae in 69.2%, Myoviridae in 49.5%, Microviridae in 37.4%, Podoviridae in 20.6%, Herelleviridae in 10.3% and Inviridae in 1.9% of the women. Four different phage families were present in 14 women (13.1%), three families in 20 women (18.7%), two families in 31 women (29.1%) and one family in 31 women (29.1%). The most common phage species detected were Bacillus phages in 48 (43.6%), Escherichia phages in 45 (40.9%), Staphylococcus phages in 40 (36.4%), Gokushovirus in 33 (30.0%) and Lactobacillus phages in 29 (26.4%) women. In a preliminary exploratory analysis, there were no associations between a particular phage family, the number of phage families present in the vagina or any particular phage species and either gestational age at delivery or the bacterial community state type present in the vagina. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple phages are present in the vagina of most mid-trimester pregnant women. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Bacteriophages are present in the vagina of most pregnant women.

Phytase Superdosing in the Diet of Lightweight Replacement Pullets: Performance, Organ Biometry and Bone Characteristics

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two types of phytases (the 1st produced from Escherichia coli and the 2nd from Aspergillus oryzae) with different dosages (300 and 900 Unit Phytase or FTU) on performance, organ biometry and bone quality of replacement pullets in the period of 8 to 17 weeks of age. A total of 288 Hy-Line White laying hens were used at 8 weeks of age. A completely randomized design was adopted in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, totaling 4 treatments with 8 replicates of 9 birds each. Performance, biometric variables and bone characteristics were evaluated. There was no significant interaction between the factors for any of the evaluated variables. The conversion and the accumulated consumption were influenced (p 0.05) by the phytase dosages, with the highest results being observed for the consumption obtained with 300 FTU, and the best results for the feed conversion obtained with the dosage of 900 FTU. The relative weight of the liver was influenced by the treatments (p 0.05), presenting higher values with bacterial phytase and a dosage of 900 FTU. The sternum length and tibial deformity were influenced by fungal phytase (p 0.05). It is concluded that the use of 900 FTU superdosing and fungal phytase improves the performance and bone characteristics of light replacement pullets.(AU)

Phytase Superdosing in the Diet of Lightweight Replacement Pullets: Performance, Organ Biometry and Bone Characteristics

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two types of phytases (the 1st produced from Escherichia coli and the 2nd from Aspergillus oryzae) with different dosages (300 and 900 Unit Phytase or FTU) on performance, organ biometry and bone quality of replacement pullets in the period of 8 to 17 weeks of age. A total of 288 Hy-Line White laying hens were used at 8 weeks of age. A completely randomized design was adopted in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, totaling 4 treatments with 8 replicates of 9 birds each. Performance, biometric variables and bone characteristics were evaluated. There was no significant interaction between the factors for any of the evaluated variables. The conversion and the accumulated consumption were influenced (p 0.05) by the phytase dosages, with the highest results being observed for the consumption obtained with 300 FTU, and the best results for the feed conversion obtained with the dosage of 900 FTU. The relative weight of the liver was influenced by the treatments (p 0.05), presenting higher values with bacterial phytase and a dosage of 900 FTU. The sternum length and tibial deformity were influenced by fungal phytase (p 0.05). It is concluded that the use of 900 FTU superdosing and fungal phytase improves the performance and bone characteristics of light replacement pullets.

Cranial nerve injuries in Le Fort I osteotomy: a systematic review.

The aim of this systematic review was to describe the anatomical and surgical factors related to cranial nerve injuries in Le Fort I osteotomy. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Two independent reviewers performed an unrestricted electronic database search in the MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to and including August 2018. Thirty-two articles were selected for data extraction and synthesis: 30 studies were identified in the main search and two by a manual search. The level of agreement between the reviewers was considered excellent (κ=0.779 for study selection and κ=0.767 for study eligibility). This study revealed that the main nerve affected was the trigeminal nerve, followed by the oculomotor, abducens, optic, facial, and vagus and accessory nerves. Cleft lip and palate patients presented the highest incidence of cranial nerve damage. Cranial nerve damage after Le Fort I osteotomy is not rare. Anatomical and structural knowledge of the patient are necessary in order to minimize the risks of cranial nerve injury in Le Fort I osteotomy.

Parâmetros qualitativos do sêmen e morfologia comparada da cabeça e peça intermediária do espermatozoide de pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) e tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) / Qualitative semen parameters and comparative morphology of pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) sperm

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros qualitativos do sêmen e comparar a morfologia da cabeça do espermatozoide entre três espécies de peixes, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Piaractus brachypomus e Colossoma macropomum. As amostras de sêmen foram coletadas de nove animais, três machos de cada espécie, por método de reprodução induzida no mês de novembro de 2011. Os espermatozoides foram submetidos à análise de motilidade e estudo da morfologia em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As taxas de motilidade das três espécies avaliadas foram acima de 90%, não diferindo entre elas. Porém, a duração de motilidade do sêmen de pacu foi superior as demais espécies. O comprimento da cabeça (CC) dos espermatozóides de pacu, Pirapitinga e Tambaqui foram, respectivamente, 2,43 ± 0,19 μm, 1,94 ± 0,07 μm e 2,44 ± 0,12 μm. A largura da cabeça (LC) foram, respectivamente, 1,45 ± 0,07 μm, 1,76 ± 0,07 μm e 1,56 ± 0,06 μm. O comprimento da peça intermediária foram, respectivamente, 1,00 ± 0,10 μm, 1,54 ± 0,08 μm e 2,07 ± 0,33 μm. Os resultados revelam que os espermatozoides das três espécies diferem entre si na morfologia externa quanto ao tamanho e formato da cabeça, e nas proporções de comprimento da peça intermediária.

The objective of this work was to evaluate qualitative semen parameters and to compare the morphology of the sperm head among three fish species, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Piaractus brachypomus and Colossoma macropomum. The semen samples were collected from nine animals, three males per species, by the induced reproduction method in November 2011. Sperm motility was evaluated and morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The motility rates of the three species evaluated were higher than 90%, with no difference between species. However, the duration of sperm motility was longer for pacu semen compared to the other species. The head length was 2.43 ± 0.19, 1.94 ± 0.07 and 2.44 ± 0.12 μm for pacu, pirapitinga and tambaqui sperm, respectively. The head width was 1.45 ± 0.07, 1.76 ± 0.07 and 1.56 ± 0.06 μm, and the length of the intermediate piece was 1.0 ± 0.10, 1.54 ± 0.08 and 2.07 ± 0.33 μm, respectively. The results show that the sperm of the three species differs in terms of external morphology (size and shape of the head) and in relation to the length of the intermediate piece.

Parâmetros qualitativos do sêmen e morfologia comparada da cabeça e peça intermediária do espermatozoide de pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) e tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) / Qualitative semen parameters and comparative morphology of pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) sperm

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros qualitativos do sêmen e comparar a morfologia da cabeça do espermatozoide entre três espécies de peixes, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Piaractus brachypomus e Colossoma macropomum. As amostras de sêmen foram coletadas de nove animais, três machos de cada espécie, por método de reprodução induzida no mês de novembro de 2011. Os espermatozoides foram submetidos à análise de motilidade e estudo da morfologia em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As taxas de motilidade das três espécies avaliadas foram acima de 90%, não diferindo entre elas. Porém, a duração de motilidade do sêmen de pacu foi superior as demais espécies. O comprimento da cabeça (CC) dos espermatozóides de pacu, Pirapitinga e Tambaqui foram, respectivamente, 2,43 ± 0,19 μm, 1,94 ± 0,07 μm e 2,44 ± 0,12 μm. A largura da cabeça (LC) foram, respectivamente, 1,45 ± 0,07 μm, 1,76 ± 0,07 μm e 1,56 ± 0,06 μm. O comprimento da peça intermediária foram, respectivamente, 1,00 ± 0,10 μm, 1,54 ± 0,08 μm e 2,07 ± 0,33 μm. Os resultados revelam que os espermatozoides das três espécies diferem entre si na morfologia externa quanto ao tamanho e formato da cabeça, e nas proporções de comprimento da peça intermediária.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate qualitative semen parameters and to compare the morphology of the sperm head among three fish species, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Piaractus brachypomus and Colossoma macropomum. The semen samples were collected from nine animals, three males per species, by the induced reproduction method in November 2011. Sperm motility was evaluated and morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The motility rates of the three species evaluated were higher than 90%, with no difference between species. However, the duration of sperm motility was longer for pacu semen compared to the other species. The head length was 2.43 ± 0.19, 1.94 ± 0.07 and 2.44 ± 0.12 μm for pacu, pirapitinga and tambaqui sperm, respectively. The head width was 1.45 ± 0.07, 1.76 ± 0.07 and 1.56 ± 0.06 μm, and the length of the intermediate piece was 1.0 ± 0.10, 1.54 ± 0.08 and 2.07 ± 0.33 μm, respectively. The results show that the sperm of the three species differs in terms of external morphology (size and shape of the head) and in relation to the length of the intermediate piece.(AU)

Genomic and epidemiological monitoring of yellow fever virus transmission potential.

The yellow fever virus (YFV) epidemic in Brazil is the largest in decades. The recent discovery of YFV in Brazilian Aedes species mosquitos highlights a need to monitor the risk of reestablishment of urban YFV transmission in the Americas. We use a suite of epidemiological, spatial, and genomic approaches to characterize YFV transmission. We show that the age and sex distribution of human cases is characteristic of sylvatic transmission. Analysis of YFV cases combined with genomes generated locally reveals an early phase of sylvatic YFV transmission and spatial expansion toward previously YFV-free areas, followed by a rise in viral spillover to humans in late 2016. Our results establish a framework for monitoring YFV transmission in real time that will contribute to a global strategy to eliminate future YFV epidemics.

Pouteria torta: a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado as a bioindicator of glyphosate action / Pouteria torta: espécie native do Cerrado Brasileiro como bioindicadora da ação do glyphosate

In Brazil, the expansion of agricultural activity and the associated indiscriminate use of herbicides such as glyphosate is directly related to the loss of biodiversity in the Cerrado. The identification of plant species as bioindicators of herbicide action, especially species native to the area, can help in monitoring the impacts of xenobiotics in the remaining Cerrado. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the possible use of the native Cerrado species Pouteria torta as a bioindicator of glyphosate action via changes in physiological performance. At 16 months after sowing, the effect of glyphosate was evaluated by applying the following doses: 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 g a.e. ha-¹. In response to glyphosate, P. torta exhibited reductions in photosynthesis and chloroplastid pigment content, as well as accumulation of shikimic acid and the occurrence of chlorosis and necrosis. These changes demonstrate the high sensitivity of P. torta to glyphosate and its potential for use as a bioindicator of this herbicide.(AU)

No Brasil, a expansão da atividade agrícola, aliada a utilização indiscriminada de herbicidas como o glyphosate, possui relação direta com a perda da biodiversidade no Cerrado. A identificação de espécies vegetais bioindicadoras da ação de herbicidas, particularmente as nativas do Cerrado, pode auxiliar em processos de monitoramento dos impactos desse xenobiótico nas remanescentes do Cerrado. Assim, este estudo foi projetado para avaliar o possível uso de Pouteria torta, espécie nativa do cerrado, como bioindicadora da ação do glyphosate via mudanças na sua performance fisiológica. Após 16 meses de semeadura, o efeito do glyphosate foi avaliado quando aplicadas as seguintes doses: 0 (controle), 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 e 1200 g e. a. ha-1. Em reposta ao glyphosate, as plantas de P. torta apresentaram redução na sua performance do processo fotossintético e no conteúdo de pigmentos cloroplastídicos, além do acúmulo de ácido chiquímico e da ocorrência de cloroses e necroses. Essas alterações demonstram a alta sensibilidade de P. torta ao glyphosate, o que potencializa a sua utilização como bioindicadora da ação desse herbicida.(AU)

Pouteria torta: a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado as a bioindicator of glyphosate action / Pouteria torta: espécie native do Cerrado Brasileiro como bioindicadora da ação do glyphosate

Abstract In Brazil, the expansion of agricultural activity and the associated indiscriminate use of herbicides such as glyphosate is directly related to the loss of biodiversity in the Cerrado. The identification of plant species as bioindicators of herbicide action, especially species native to the area, can help in monitoring the impacts of xenobiotics in the remaining Cerrado. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the possible use of the native Cerrado species Pouteria torta as a bioindicator of glyphosate action via changes in physiological performance. At 16 months after sowing, the effect of glyphosate was evaluated by applying the following doses: 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 g a.e. ha-1. In response to glyphosate, P. torta exhibited reductions in photosynthesis and chloroplastid pigment content, as well as accumulation of shikimic acid and the occurrence of chlorosis and necrosis. These changes demonstrate the high sensitivity of P. torta to glyphosate and its potential for use as a bioindicator of this herbicide.

Resumo No Brasil, a expansão da atividade agrícola, aliada a utilização indiscriminada de herbicidas como o glyphosate, possui relação direta com a perda da biodiversidade no Cerrado. A identificação de espécies vegetais bioindicadoras da ação de herbicidas, particularmente as nativas do Cerrado, pode auxiliar em processos de monitoramento dos impactos desse xenobiótico nas remanescentes do Cerrado. Assim, este estudo foi projetado para avaliar o possível uso de Pouteria torta, espécie nativa do cerrado, como bioindicadora da ação do glyphosate via mudanças na sua performance fisiológica. Após 16 meses de semeadura, o efeito do glyphosate foi avaliado quando aplicadas as seguintes doses: 0 (controle), 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 e 1200 g e. a. ha-1. Em reposta ao glyphosate, as plantas de P. torta apresentaram redução na sua performance do processo fotossintético e no conteúdo de pigmentos cloroplastídicos, além do acúmulo de ácido chiquímico e da ocorrência de cloroses e necroses. Essas alterações demonstram a alta sensibilidade de P. torta ao glyphosate, o que potencializa a sua utilização como bioindicadora da ação desse herbicida.

Pouteria torta: a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado as a bioindicator of glyphosate action.

In Brazil, the expansion of agricultural activity and the associated indiscriminate use of herbicides such as glyphosate is directly related to the loss of biodiversity in the Cerrado. The identification of plant species as bioindicators of herbicide action, especially species native to the area, can help in monitoring the impacts of xenobiotics in the remaining Cerrado. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the possible use of the native Cerrado species Pouteria torta as a bioindicator of glyphosate action via changes in physiological performance. At 16 months after sowing, the effect of glyphosate was evaluated by applying the following doses: 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 g a.e. ha-1. In response to glyphosate, P. torta exhibited reductions in photosynthesis and chloroplastid pigment content, as well as accumulation of shikimic acid and the occurrence of chlorosis and necrosis. These changes demonstrate the high sensitivity of P. torta to glyphosate and its potential for use as a bioindicator of this herbicide.

Desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de cordeiros Rabo Largo puro e cruzados com Santa Inês / Performance and carcass traits of Rabo Largo lambs and crossbreeding with Santa Inês

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do cruzamento entre ovinos nativos no desempenho e características da carcaça. Foram utilizados vinte cordeiros, machos, inteiros, com idade inicial de quatro meses, e peso médio inicial 19,0±5,11, distribuídos em dois grupos genéticos: Rabo Largo (RL) e Santa Inês x Rabo Largo (F1SI x RL), em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Os animais foram terminados em regime de confinamento durante 70 dias. Os cordeiros F1SI x RL apresentaram maiores pesos ao desmame, ao abate, do corpo vazio, das carcaças quente e fria, e maior rendimento biológico. Verificaram maiores valores para os parâmetros de morfometria da carcaça para animais F1SI x RL comparados aos animais Rabo Largo (P<0,05). Os pesos da hemi-carcaça e dos cortes comerciais foram superiores para cordeiros F1SI x RL. Nas medidas obtidas no músculo Longissimus dorsi, os cordeiros Rabo Largo apresentaram valores superiores para espessura de gordura subcutânea. A utilização da raça Santa Inês como base paterna acarreta em melhorias nas características de carcaça de cordeiros Rabo Largo podendo ser indicado em sistemas de produção de carne ovina.(AU)

The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding among native sheep on performance and traits carcass. Twenty intact lambs, male, at four months of age, with an initial weight of 19.0±5.11kg, were distributed in two groups genetics: Rabo Largo (RL) e Santa Inês x Rabo Largo (F1SI x RL), in a completely randomized design. The animals were finished in feedlot by 70 days. The lambs F1SI x RL showed higher weight at weaning, to slaughter, of the empty body, and hot and cold carcass, and increased biological yield. Higher values for carcass morphometry in F1SI x RL animals were found in comparison to Rabo Largo animals (P<0.05). The weight of half-carcass and the commercial cuts were higher for lambs. On the measurements obtained in muscle Longissimus dorsi, Rabo Largo lambs showed higher values for subcutaneous fat thickness. The use of the breed Santa Inês like base paternal may bring in improvements in lambs's carcass characteristics Rabo Largo and may be recommended in sheep meat production systems.(AU)

Desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de cordeiros Rabo Largo puro e cruzados com Santa Inês / Performance and carcass traits of Rabo Largo lambs and crossbreeding with Santa Inês

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do cruzamento entre ovinos nativos no desempenho e características da carcaça. Foram utilizados vinte cordeiros, machos, inteiros, com idade inicial de quatro meses, e peso médio inicial 19,0±5,11, distribuídos em dois grupos genéticos: Rabo Largo (RL) e Santa Inês x Rabo Largo (F1SI x RL), em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Os animais foram terminados em regime de confinamento durante 70 dias. Os cordeiros F1SI x RL apresentaram maiores pesos ao desmame, ao abate, do corpo vazio, das carcaças quente e fria, e maior rendimento biológico. Verificaram maiores valores para os parâmetros de morfometria da carcaça para animais F1SI x RL comparados aos animais Rabo Largo (P<0,05). Os pesos da hemi-carcaça e dos cortes comerciais foram superiores para cordeiros F1SI x RL. Nas medidas obtidas no músculo Longissimus dorsi, os cordeiros Rabo Largo apresentaram valores superiores para espessura de gordura subcutânea. A utilização da raça Santa Inês como base paterna acarreta em melhorias nas características de carcaça de cordeiros Rabo Largo podendo ser indicado em sistemas de produção de carne ovina.(AU)

The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding among native sheep on performance and traits carcass. Twenty intact lambs, male, at four months of age, with an initial weight of 19.0±5.11kg, were distributed in two groups genetics: Rabo Largo (RL) e Santa Inês x Rabo Largo (F1SI x RL), in a completely randomized design. The animals were finished in feedlot by 70 days. The lambs F1SI x RL showed higher weight at weaning, to slaughter, of the empty body, and hot and cold carcass, and increased biological yield. Higher values for carcass morphometry in F1SI x RL animals were found in comparison to Rabo Largo animals (P<0.05). The weight of half-carcass and the commercial cuts were higher for lambs. On the measurements obtained in muscle Longissimus dorsi, Rabo Largo lambs showed higher values for subcutaneous fat thickness. The use of the breed Santa Inês like base paternal may bring in improvements in lambs's carcass characteristics Rabo Largo and may be recommended in sheep meat production systems.(AU)

Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas.

Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas was first confirmed in May 2015 in northeast Brazil. Brazil has had the highest number of reported ZIKV cases worldwide (more than 200,000 by 24 December 2016) and the most cases associated with microcephaly and other birth defects (2,366 confirmed by 31 December 2016). Since the initial detection of ZIKV in Brazil, more than 45 countries in the Americas have reported local ZIKV transmission, with 24 of these reporting severe ZIKV-associated disease. However, the origin and epidemic history of ZIKV in Brazil and the Americas remain poorly understood, despite the value of this information for interpreting observed trends in reported microcephaly. Here we address this issue by generating 54 complete or partial ZIKV genomes, mostly from Brazil, and reporting data generated by a mobile genomics laboratory that travelled across northeast Brazil in 2016. One sequence represents the earliest confirmed ZIKV infection in Brazil. Analyses of viral genomes with ecological and epidemiological data yield an estimate that ZIKV was present in northeast Brazil by February 2014 and is likely to have disseminated from there, nationally and internationally, before the first detection of ZIKV in the Americas. Estimated dates for the international spread of ZIKV from Brazil indicate the duration of pre-detection cryptic transmission in recipient regions. The role of northeast Brazil in the establishment of ZIKV in the Americas is further supported by geographic analysis of ZIKV transmission potential and by estimates of the basic reproduction number of the virus.

The SLCO1A2 -189_-188InsA polymorphism reduces clearance of rocuronium in patients submitted to elective surgeries.

PURPOSE: Rocuronium (ROC) is a neuromuscular blocker mainly eliminated by biliary excretion dependent on organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) hepatocellular uptake. However, the influence of SLCO1A2 (gene encoding OATP1A2) genetic polymorphism on ROC pharmacokinetics was never described before. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms of SLCO1A2 on the pharmacokinetics of rocuronium (ROC). METHODS: Patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia using rocuronium as a neuromuscular blocker were genotyped for SLCO1A2 polymorphisms in the coding region (41A>G, 382A>T, 404A>T, 502C>T, 516A>C, 559G>A, 830C>A, and 833delA) and in the promoter region (-1105G>A, -1032G>A, -715T>C, -361G>A, and -189_-188insA). Rocuronium pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis. RESULTS: None of the patients had heterozygous or homozygous variant of 404A>T, 382A>T, 502C>T, 833delA, 830C>A, 41A>G, and -715T>C. A linkage disequilibrium was found between -1105G>A and -1032G>A genotypes. Patients genotyped as -A or AA (n = 17) for SLCO1A2 -189_-188InsA showed reduced total clearance of ROC compared to patients genotyped as -/- (n = 13) (151.6 vs 207.1 mL/min, p ≤ 0.05). The pharmacokinetics parameters of ROC were not significantly different between other SLCO1A2 genotypes. CONCLUSION: SLCO1A2 -189_-188InsA polymorphism is related to the reduced clearance of rocuronium in patients submitted to elective surgeries under general anesthesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT 02399397 ( ClinicalTrials.gov ).

Chelated Minerals and Limestone Particle Sizes on Performance and Bone Quality of Brown-Egg Layers

This study aimed to evaluate productive performance, egg quality, and bone quality of commercial brown-egg layers fed diets containing organic and inorganic minerals and three limestone particle sizes. A total of 288 birds at 64 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two mineral sources and three limestone particle sizes) and eight replicates. The experiment lasted 112 days, divided into four periods. The following treatments were tested: T1 = inorganic minerals + 100% fine limestone; T2 = inorganic minerals + 50% fine limestone + 50% coarse limestone; T3 = inorganic minerals + 100% coarse limestone; T4 = inorganic + organic minerals + 100% fine limestone; T5 = inorganic + organic minerals + 50% fine limestone + 50% coarse limestone; and T6 = inorganic + organic minerals +100% coarse limestone. There was no significant interaction effect between the studied factors on any of the variables. No significant effect of the types of mineral mixes or limestone particle sizes were observed on the performance, egg quality, or bone quality variables evaluated. In conclusion, organic or inorganic minerals associated with limestone in fine, medium, or coarse particle sizes can be used in diets for brown-egg layers without affecting their productive performance, egg quality, or bone quality.(AU)

Chelated Minerals and Limestone Particle Sizes on Performance and Bone Quality of Brown-Egg Layers

This study aimed to evaluate productive performance, egg quality, and bone quality of commercial brown-egg layers fed diets containing organic and inorganic minerals and three limestone particle sizes. A total of 288 birds at 64 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two mineral sources and three limestone particle sizes) and eight replicates. The experiment lasted 112 days, divided into four periods. The following treatments were tested: T1 = inorganic minerals + 100% fine limestone; T2 = inorganic minerals + 50% fine limestone + 50% coarse limestone; T3 = inorganic minerals + 100% coarse limestone; T4 = inorganic + organic minerals + 100% fine limestone; T5 = inorganic + organic minerals + 50% fine limestone + 50% coarse limestone; and T6 = inorganic + organic minerals +100% coarse limestone. There was no significant interaction effect between the studied factors on any of the variables. No significant effect of the types of mineral mixes or limestone particle sizes were observed on the performance, egg quality, or bone quality variables evaluated. In conclusion, organic or inorganic minerals associated with limestone in fine, medium, or coarse particle sizes can be used in diets for brown-egg layers without affecting their productive performance, egg quality, or bone quality.