Biological Significance of Probiotic Microorganisms from Kefir and Kombucha: A Review.

(1) Background: The human microbiota is essential for maintaining a healthy body. The gut microbiota plays a protective role against pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics are live microorganisms capable of preventing and controlling gastrointestinal and balancing the immune system. They also aid in better nutrients and vitamins absorption. Examples of natural probiotic cultures are kefir and kombucha. (2) Methods: Therefore, the aim of this review was to address the beneficial properties of probiotic kefir and kombucha using a Boxplot analysis to search for scientific data in the online literature up to January 2024: (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis (MED-LINE), Science Direct, Google Scholar/Google Academic, Bioline Inter-national and Springer Link). Boxplots showed the summary of a set of data "Index Terms-Keywords" on kefir and kombucha in three languages (English, Portuguese and Spanish). (3) Results: Google Scholar was the database with the highest number of articles found, when the search for the keywords used in the study (containing ~4 × 106-~4 million articles available). This was Followed by the Science Direct database, containing ~3 × 106-~3 million articles available, and the BVS databases-Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (Virtual Health Library) e Lilacs, both containing a value of ~2 × 106-~2 million articles available. The databases containing the smallest number of articles found were Nutrients and Medline, both containing a value of ≤0.1 × 106-≤100 thousand articles. (4) Conclusions: Scientific studies indicate that kefir and kombucha certainly contain various functional properties, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, anticarcinogenic and immunomodulatory activity, in addition to having a microbiological composition of probiotic bacteria and yeasts. Kefir and kombucha represent key opportunities in the food and clinic/medical fields.

Increased calcium intake from skimmed milk in energy-restricted diets reduces glycation markers in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

The effect of calcium (Ca) on glycation markers is unknown. We hypothesized that increased Ca intake from skimmed milk associated with an energy-restricted diet intake will reduce glycation markers. This reduction will be associated with a greater improvement in markers of metabolic control in adults with type 2 diabetes, overweight, and low habitual Ca intake (<600 mg/d). In this secondary data analysis based on a crossover clinical trial, 14 adults were allocated into 2 groups: high calcium (shake containing 700 mg Ca/day) or low calcium (shake with 6.4 mg Ca/day), for 12 consecutive weeks per session. Energy-restricted diets were also prescribed (-500 kcal/d, 800 mg of dietary Ca/d) to all participants. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE), glycemic control, and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. High-calcium serum AGE concentrations and AGE/sRAGE ratio were lower at the end of the study. ΔAGE and ΔAGE/sRAGE ratio were both positively associated with Δtriglycerides, Δtotal cholesterol, Δtriglyceride-glucose index and variations, and Δvisceral adiposity index. ΔAGE/sRAGE was positively associated with Δfructosamine and Δhigh-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and negatively associated with male sex. Consumption of approximately 1200 mg/day of calcium (3 servings of skim milk) reduced serum AGEs concentrations and the AGE/sRAGE ratio in individuals with diabetes. In general, positive changes in glycation markers are associated with lipid profile, insulin resistance, and adiposity markers worsening. ΔAGEs/ΔsRAGE ratio seems to be a better marker of metabolic status than ΔAGEs and ΔsRAGE alone. Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02377076).

Retinal vein and artery occlusion as the first manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome in a pediatric patient / Oclusão arterial e venosa como primeira manifestação da síndrome antifosfolipide primária em criança

ABSTRACT Antiphospholipid syndrome is an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by hypercoagulability associated with recurrent venous and arterial thromboembolism in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Herein, we report a case of rapid sequential retinal vein and artery occlusion as the first manifestation of a primary antiphospholipid syndrome triggered by an acute Mycoplasma infection in a previously healthy 11-year-old patient. On day 1, ophthalmoscopy revealed a central retinal vein occlusion. The patient developed temporal branch retinal artery occlusion the next day. On day 3, a central retinal artery occlusion was observed. Serum lupus anticoagulant, immunoglobulin (Ig) G anticardiolipin, IgG anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibody, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody levels were increased. Thus, retinal vascular occlusions can be the first manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Although it may not improve visual prognosis, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid further significant morbidity.

RESUMO A síndrome antifosfolipide é uma doença autoimune adquirida caracterizada por hipercoagulabilidade associada a tromboembolismo venoso e arterial recorrente na presença de anticorpos antifosfolipídicos. Aqui, relatamos um caso clínico de oclusão sequencial de veia e artéria da retina como primeira manifestação de uma síndrome antifosfolipíde primária desen­cadeada por uma infeção aguda por Mycoplasma num paciente de 11 anos previamente saudável. No primeiro dia, a oftalmoscopia revelou uma oclusão da veia central da retina. No dia seguinte, o paciente desenvolveu uma oclusão do ramo temporal da artéria central da retina. No terceiro dia, uma oclusão da artéria central da retina foi diagnosticada. Os níveis de anticoagulante lúpico sérico, anticorpos IgG anticardiolipina e IgG anti-β2-glicoproteína 1 e anticorpos IgM para Mycoplasma pneumoniae estavam aumentados. As oclusões vasculares retinianas podem ser a primeira manifestação da síndrome antifosfolipíde primária. Apesar do prognóstico visual ser reservado, o seu diagnóstico e o tratamento imediatos são essenciais para evitar outras morbilidades associadas.

Estado inicial de la virtualización del proceso de formación en una Universidad

El desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) genera nuevas demandas sociales a la educación. En los últimos años, la utilización de elementos tecnológicos en los contextos educativos ha conllevado a la realización de profundas transformaciones en las instituciones y en la forma de organizar y trabajar el proceso docente educativo. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el estado inicial de la virtualización del proceso de formación en la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y Deporte Manuel Fajardo. Para lograr este propósito se aplicó un conjunto de instrumentos (encuestas a estudiantes y profesores, entrevistas a directivos y guía de observación a los cursos implementados en la plataforma virtual Moodle). Se asumió un enfoque mixto que posibilitó buscar información sobre la virtualización del proceso de formación de la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el Deporte (UCCFD) Manuel Fajardo desde las miradas de los distintos actores del proceso, lo que permitió lograr una mayor fidelidad de los resultados obtenidos en los instrumentos aplicados. Los resultados de las encuestas a estudiantes y profesores fueron divididos en positivos y negativos (Carencias y Fortalezas), para destacar la necesidad de elaborar un modelo de virtualización del proceso de formación de la UCCFD "Manuel Fajardo".

O desenvolvimento das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) gera novas demandas sociais para a educação. Nos últimos anos, o uso de elementos tecnológicos em contextos educacionais levou a profundas transformações nas instituições e na forma de organizar e trabalhar o processo de ensino e educação. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o estado inicial da virtualização do processo de treinamento na Universidade Manuel Fajardo de Cultura Física e Ciências do Esporte. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi aplicado um conjunto de instrumentos (pesquisas com alunos e professores, entrevistas com diretores e um guia de observação dos cursos implementados na plataforma virtual Moodle). Foi adotada uma abordagem mista, que possibilitou a busca de informações sobre a virtualização do processo de treinamento na Universidade de Ciências da Cultura Física e do Esporte Manuel Fajardo (UCCFD) a partir dos pontos de vista dos diferentes atores do processo, o que permitiu obter maior precisão nos resultados obtidos nos instrumentos aplicados. Os resultados das pesquisas com alunos e professores foram divididos em positivos e negativos (deficiências e pontos fortes), a fim de destacar a necessidade de desenvolver um modelo de virtualização para o processo de formação na UCCFD "Manuel Fajardo".

The development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) generates new social demands on education. In recent years, the use of technological elements in educational contexts has led to profound transformations in institutions and in the way of organizing and working the educational teaching process. The objective of this article was to analyze the initial state of the virtualization of the training process at the Manuel Fajardo University of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences. To achieve this purpose, a set of instruments was applied (surveys to students and teachers, interviews with managers and an observation guide to the courses implemented on the Moodle virtual platform). A mixed approach was assumed that made it possible to search for information on the virtualization of the training process of the "Manuel Fajardo" University of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences (UCCFD in Spanish) from the perspectives of the different actors in the process, which allowed achieving greater fidelity of the results obtained in the applied instruments. The results of the surveys to students and teachers were divided into positive and negative (Shortcomings and Strengths), to highlight the need to develop a virtualization model of the training process of the UCCFD "Manuel Fajardo".

An integrative review of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea and Euterpe precatoria): Traditional uses, phytochemical composition, market trends, and emerging applications.

The increasing trade and popularity of açaí prompt this review. Therefore, it is imperative to provide an overview of the fruit's characteristics and the available data on its marketing, research, and products derived from its pulp and seeds to comprehend the current state of the açaí industry. Concerning food applications, it was observed that there is still room for developing processes that effectively preserve the bioactive compounds of the fruit while also being economically feasible, which presents an opportunity for future research. A notable research trend has been focused on utilizing the fruit's seeds, a byproduct of açaí processing, which is still considered a significant technological challenge. Furthermore, the studies compiled in this review attest to the industry's considerable progress and ongoing efforts to demonstrate the various properties of açaí, driving the sector's exponential growth in Brazil and worldwide.

Biochar production from microalgae: a new sustainable approach to wastewater treatment based on a circular economy.

The generation of wastewater due to human activities are the main responsible for environmental problems. These problems are caused by the large amount of organic and inorganic pollutants related to the presence of pesticides, metals, pathogens, drugs and dyes. The photosynthetic treatment of effluents emerges as a sustainable and low-cost alternative for developing wastewater treatment systems based on a circular economy. Chemical compounds present in wastewater can be recovered and reused as a source of nutrients in microalgae cultivation to produce value-added bioproducts. The microalgal biomass produced in the cultivation with effluents has the potential to produce biochar. Biochar is carbon-rich charcoal that can be obtained by converting microalgae biomass through thermal decomposition of organic raw material under limited oxygen supply conditions. Pyrolysis, torrefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization are processes used for biochar synthesis. The application of microalgal biochar as an adsorbent material to remove several compounds present in effluents is an effective and fast treatment. This effectiveness is usually related to the unique physicochemical characteristics of the biochar, such as the presence of functional groups, ion exchange capacity, thermal stability, and high surface area, volume, and pore area. In addition, biochar can be reused in the adsorption process or applied in agriculture for soil correction. In this context, this review article describes the production, characterization, and use of microalgae biochar through a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment, emphasizing its potential in the circular economy. In addition, the article approaches the potential of microalgal biochar as an adsorbent material and its reuse after the adsorption of contaminants, as well as highlights the challenges and future perspectives on this topic.

Magnetic Fields as Inducers of Phycobiliprotein Production by Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of magnetic field (MF) application on the metabolism of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Concentrations of biomass, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin) were determined. In cultures with MF application (30 mT for 24 h d-1), there were increases of 47.5% in total protein content, 87.4% in C-phycocyanin, and 332.8% in allophycocyanin contents, by comparison with the control. Allophycocyanin is the most affected pigment by MF application. Therefore, its biosynthetic route was investigated, and four genes related to its synthesis were found. However, the analysis of the gene expression showed no statistical differences from the control culture, which suggests that induction of such genes may occur soon after MF application with consequent stabilization over time. MF application may be a cost-effective alternative to increase production of compounds of commercial interest by cyanobacteria.

Impacto de los ejercicios físicos en la rehabilitación de pacientes con lesiones medulares cervical incompleta, en Guinea-Bissau

Las personas con lesiones de la médula espinal cervical tienen de dos a cinco veces más probabilidades de morir prematuramente, estas lesiones son una de las causas de muerte más frecuente en la población mundial independientemente de la religión, edad, raza, sexo, nacionalidad o clase social; las tasas de supervivencia más bajas, se encuentran en los países de ingresos bajos y medianos. En Guinea-Bissau, los pacientes desconocen su enfermedad y los beneficios de la actividad física para su tratamiento; por ello, se realizó un estudio con diez pacientes que asisten al área de Neuro-rehabilitación motora, Bissau, donde el objetivo fue: determinar el impacto de los ejercicios físicos en la rehabilitación de los pacientes con lesión medular cervical incompleta. Se utilizaron métodos de orden cualitativo (revisión documental) y cuantitativos (medición) y criterio de expertos que permitieron el estudio del objeto y la evaluación teórica y práctica de los ejercicios físicos, los que fueron validados por 17 expertos, entre los cuales el 95 % evaluaron los indicadores en adecuados y muy adecuados y se aplicó en la práctica a diez pacientes con resultados muy satisfactorios, lo que confirmó la pertinencia del estudio realizado. El 100 % de los participantes alcanzaron un nivel significativo en las actividades de la vida diaria, capacidades físicas y funcionales. Este estudio respondió a necesidades investigativas de la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el Deporte "Manuel Fajardo", de Cuba y al Centro de Neuro-Rehabilitación Físico Motor Sanca, de Guinea-Bissau.

SÍNTESE Pessoas com lesões da medula cervical têm duas a cinco vezes mais probabilidade de morrer prematuramente, essas lesões são uma das causas de morte mais freqüentes na população mundial, independentemente da religião, idade, raça, sexo, nacionalidade ou classe social; as mais baixas taxas de sobrevivência são encontradas em países de baixa e média renda. Na Guiné-Bissau, os pacientes desconhecem sua doença e os benefícios da atividade física para seu tratamento; portanto, foi realizado um estudo com dez pacientes que freqüentavam a área de neuro-reabilitação motora, Bissau, onde o objetivo era: determinar o impacto dos exercícios físicos na reabilitação de pacientes com lesão incompleta da medula cervical. Foram utilizados métodos qualitativos (revisão documental) e quantitativos (medição) e julgamento de especialistas para estudar o objeto e a avaliação teórica e prática dos exercícios físicos, que foram validados por 17 especialistas, 95% dos quais avaliaram os indicadores como adequados e muito adequados, e foram aplicados na prática a dez pacientes com resultados muito satisfatórios, confirmando a relevância do estudo realizado. 100% dos participantes atingiram um nível significativo nas atividades de vida diária, nas habilidades físicas e funcionais. Este estudo respondeu às necessidades de pesquisa da Universidade de Cultura Física e Ciências do Esporte "Manuel Fajardo", Cuba e do Centro de Reabilitação Neuro-Motora Sanca, Guiné-Bissau.

People with cervical spinal cord injuries are two to five times more likely to die prematurely, these injuries are one of the most frequent causes of death in the world population regardless of religion, age, race, sex, nationality or social class; the lowest survival rates are found in low- and middle-income countries. In Guinea-Bissau, patients are unaware of their illness and the benefits of physical activity for their treatment; for this reason, a study was carried out with ten patients who attend the area of Motor Neuro-rehabilitation, Bissau, where the objective was: to determine the impact of physical exercises on the rehabilitation of patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. Qualitative (documentary review) and quantitative (measurement) and expert criteria methods were used, which allowed the study of the object and the theoretical and practical evaluation of the physical exercises, which were validated by 17 experts, among whom 95% they evaluated the indicators as adequate and very adequate and it was applied in practice to ten patients with very satisfactory results, which confirmed the relevance of the study carried out. 100% of the participants reached a significant level in activities of daily living, physical and functional capacities. This study responded to the research needs of the "Manuel Fajardo" University of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences, of Cuba and the Sanca Neuro - Physical Motor Rehabilitation Center, of Guinea-Bissau.

Influence of Cell Wall on Biomolecules Biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Strains Exposed to Magnetic Fields.

The application of magnetic fields (MF) has attracted the attention of researchers due to their efficiency to change cell metabolism. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a biotechnologically useful microalga with versatile metabolism that may be a valuable organism to study the effects of the MF in biology. Therefore, two C. reinhardtii strains, one with cell wall (2137) and other which lacks the cell wall (Wt-S1-cc4694), were evaluated that a new sensitivity factor in the analysis could be included. Comparative studies were undertaken with the two C. reinhardtii strains under the MF intensities of 0.005 mT (terrestrial MF - control), 11  and 20 mT. Results indicated that the physical cell wall barrier protected cells against the MF applied during the assays. Only with the highest MF applied (20 mT) a slight increase in lipid concentration in the cell wall strain was detected. The lowest growth of the strain that lacks cell wall (Wt-S1) indicated that these cells are under a negative effect. To cope with the two MF stresses conditions, Wt-S1 cells produced more pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) and lipids and enhanced the antioxidant defense system. The raise of these compounds under MF could potentially have a positive biotechnological impact on algal biomass.

Use of exogenous substrate in Chlorella cultivation: Strategy for biomass and polyhydroxybutyrate production.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of exogenous carbon supplementation and nitrogen source reduction on Chlorella fusca LEB 111 growth, biomass composition, and polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation. First, assays were performed with 50 % and 25 % reduced nitrogen source concentrations (NaNO3). In the second stage, the influence of culture supplementation with 10, 20, and 30 mg L-1 D-xylose, associated with 50 and 25 % reductions in NaNO3, was evaluated. The experiments conducted with a 25 % reduction in NaNO3 and supplementation with 10 mg L-1 D-xylose resulted in a positive effect on the biomass productivity of C. fusca LEB 111, with production as high as 354.4 mg L-1 d-1. The maximum concentration of PHB extracted from C. fusca LEB 111 was 3.7 % (w w-1) and was obtained when the microalgae were cultivated with a 25 % of reduction in NaNO3 and supplementation of D-xylose at 20 mg L-1. Therefore, this study brings new perspectives regarding reducing the use of nutritional sources and using exogenous carbon sources in using microalgae to produce molecules of high biotechnological potential.

Intraosseous Spindle Cell/Epithelioid Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 Rearrangement: A Recent Recognized Subtype with Partial Response to Alectinib.

Rhabdomyosarcoma affects mainly pediatric patients and is currently classified into four categories: embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic, and spindle cell/sclerosing. Recently, a molecular group of spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma demonstrated new fusion transcripts involving FET-family genes with TFCP2. In this report, we describe a rare case of spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma in a 19-year-old woman, presenting as a destructive lesion involving the condyle of mandible. Next generation sequencing was performed, revealing a FUS::TFCP2 fusion and deletion of ALK gene. Alectinib therapy was initiated, which resulted in a favorable response for 4 months. However, the patient died due progression of the tumor. To make an accurate diagnosis and ensure appropriate patient management, it is necessary to be aware of this variant and use proper immunohistochemical stains when facing malignant mesenchymal bone lesions, expanding its differential diagnosis.

Cost Reduction in the Production of Spirulina Biomass and Biomolecules from Indole-3-Acetic Acid Supplementation in Different Growth Phases.

Despite the great potential for the industrial application of microalgae, production costs are still too high to make them a competitive raw material for commodities. Therefore, studying more efficient cultivation strategies in biomass production and economic viability is necessary. In this sense, this work aimed to reduce the production costs of biomass and biomolecules using phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid in different phases of Spirulina sp. LEB 18 cultivation. The experiments were conducted on bench scale indoor for 30 days. In each couple of experiments, the phytohormone was added on different days. The supplementation of indole-3-acetic acid on half of the growth deceleration phase of the microalga showed a cost reduction of 27%, 34%, and 75% for biomass, proteins, and carbohydrates, respectively. In addition, the strategy increased the final biomass concentration and carbohydrate content at 31.2 and 33.8%, respectively, compared to the condition without phytohormone. This study is the starting point for implementing phytohormone supplementation in industrial microalgal cultures.

Hemograms and serial hemogram-derived ratios in survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19 in Campinas, Brazil.

Introduction: The hemogram and hemogram-derivative ratios (HDRs) are becoming markers of the severity and mortality of COVID-19. We evaluated the hemograms and serial weekly HDRs [neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-platelet ratio (NPR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII)] in the survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical notes and serial hemograms of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 adults hospitalized from April 2020 to March 2021 from the time of diagnosis to the 3rd week of diagnosis. Results: Of the 320 adults, 257 (80.3%) were survivors and had a lower mean age than the non-survivors (57.73 vs. 64.65 years, p < 0.001). At diagnosis, the non-survivors had lower lymphocyte (p = 0.002) and basophil (p = 0.049) counts and the hematocrit showed a p-value (Is this what you meant???) of 0.021); higher NLR (p < 0.001), PLR (p = 0.047), NPR (p = 0.022) and SII (p = 0.022). Using general linear models, the survivors and non-survivors showed significant variations with weekly lymphocyte count (p < 0.001), neutrophil count (p = 0.005), NLR (p = 0.009), MLR (p = 0.010) and PLR (p = 0.035). All HDRs remained higher in the non-survivors in the 2nd week and 3rd week of diagnosis and the HDRs were higher in the intubated patients than in the non-intubated patients. The NLR and SII were more efficient predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: This study shows that serial lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, NLR, PLR, MLR, NPR and SII could serve as good and easily accessible markers of severity and predictors of outcomes in COVID-19 patients and should be used for the monitoring of treatment response.

Multimedia educativa Equinoterapia como medio de consulta para el tratamiento de pacientes con parálisis cerebral / Teaching multimedia Echinotherapy as means of reference for the treatment of patients with cerebral paralysis

Introducción: Desde 1997 se utiliza en Cuba como una variante del tratamiento físico-motor de pacientes con parálisis cerebral la Equinoterapia. Varios han sido los recursos que se han empleado desde los inicios para alcanzar la vía en el desarrollo lógico de este proceso. El presente trabajo versa sobre un medio digital que proporciona las herramientas necesarias para la adecuación de la labor de los profesionales dedicados a esta actividad y que específicamente intervienen en el tratamiento de pacientes en edad infantil. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la multimedia educativa Equinoterapia como medio de consulta para el tratamiento de pacientes con parálisis cerebral. Método: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de 53 profesionales, pertenecientes a los ministerios de Educación, Salud Pública e INDER de La Habana, desde enero del 2018 hasta marzo del 2019. La propuesta fue aplicada y evaluada en 3 etapas fundamentales, para lo cual se emplearon el cuestionario y la guía de observación. Resultados: Se destacaron los aspectos pedagógicos y funcionales. Entre los primeros sobresalieron indicadores, tales como adaptación al contexto educativo, fomento de la iniciativa y el autoaprendizaje (con 5 puntos cada uno), mantenimiento de la atención a los usuarios (4,8 puntos), así como diversidad de contenidos y actividades (4,7 puntos); entre los segundos, prevaleció el indicador eficiente para su propósito con 4,8 puntos. Además, se reconocieron las posibilidades de aplicación e incidencia en la adquisición de los contenidos desarrollados. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen confiabilidad y seguridad en el producto, así como muestran una incidencia positiva en la educación de posgrado, lo cual beneficiará a los profesionales y pacientes, quienes recibirán este servicio.

Introduction: Echinotherapy is used in Cuba as a variant of the physical-motor treatment of patients with cerebral paralysis since 1997. There have been several resources that have been used since the beginnings to reach the way in the logical development of this process. The present work is about a digital means that provides the necessary tools for the adaptation of the professionals work dedicated to this activity and that specifically intervene in the treatment of patients in children age. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the teaching multimedia Echinotherapy as means of reference for the treatment of patients with cerebral paralysis. Method: A qualitative study of 53 professionals, belonging to the ministries of Education, Public Health and INDER of Havana, was carried out from January, 2018 to March, 2019. The proposal was applied and evaluated in 3 fundamental phases, for which the questionnaire and observation guide were used. Results: Pedagogic and functional aspects were remarkable. Among the first ones some indicators were notable, such as adaptation to the teaching context, promotion of initiative and self-learning (with 5 points each one), preservation of the users service (4.8 points), as well as diversity of contents and activities (4.7 points); among the seconds, the efficient indicator prevailed for its purpose with 4.8 points. Also, the possibilities of application and incidence in the acquisition of developed contents were recognized. Conclusion: The obtained results offer reliability and security in the product, as well as they show a positive incidence in the postdegree education, which will benefit professionals and patients who will receive this service.

Programa de ejercicios físicos correctivos para pacientes con escoliosis idiopática / Programa de exercícios físicos corretivos para pacientes com escoliose idiopática / Corrective physical exercises program for patients with idiopathic scoliosis

RESUMEN La problemática del estudio recae en que los tratamientos para niños con escoliosis en Chile carecen de la integración desde el ejercicio físico. El objetivo fue analizar el ejercicio físico para tratamiento de niños con escoliosis idiopática. Se estudiaron las diversas formas de tratamiento físico en la escoliosis idiopática a través de la revisión de documentos oficiales (historias clínicas de los pacientes, programas de ejercicios y métodos de intervención). La investigación se llevó a cabo en el Centro Cubano de Rehabilitación Física de Temuco, Chile. Se aplicó el método empírico indirecto o no interactivo: análisis a documentos oficiales, análisis-síntesis y modelación, que permitieron la sistematización teórica del ejercicio físico en el tratamiento. Como resultado fundamental se diseña el programa para el tratamiento de la escoliosis idiopática mediante ejercicios físicos correctivos en un período de 18 meses.

RESUMO O problema do estudo reside no facto de os tratamentos para crianças com escoliose no Chile carecerem da integração do exercício físico. O objectivo era analisar o exercício físico para o tratamento de crianças com escoliose idiopática. As várias formas de tratamento físico para a escoliose idiopática foram estudadas através da revisão de documentos oficiais (registos médicos dos pacientes, programas de exercício e métodos de intervenção). A investigação foi realizada no Centro Cubano de Reabilitação Física em Temuco, Chile. O método empírico indireto ou não-interativo foi aplicado: análise de documentos oficiais, análise-síntese e modelação, o que permitiu a sistematização teórica do exercício físico no tratamento. Como resultado fundamental, foi concebido um programa para o tratamento da escoliose idiopática através de exercícios físicos corretivos durante um período de 18 meses.

ABSTRACT The problem of the study lies in the fact that the treatments for children with scoliosis in Chile lack integration from physical exercise. The objective was to analyze physical exercise for the treatment of children with idiopathic scoliosis. The various forms of physical treatment in idiopathic scoliosis were studied through the review of official documents (patient medical records, exercise programs and intervention methods). The research was carried out at the Cuban Center for Physical Rehabilitation in Temuco, Chile. The indirect or non-interactive empirical method was applied: analysis of official documents, analysis-synthesis and modeling, which allowed the theoretical systematization of physical exercise in treatment. As a fundamental result, the program for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis is designed through corrective physical exercises in a period of 18 months.

Formación de hábitos y estilos de vida saludables en estudiantes universitarios: una estrategia de intervención / Formação de hábitos e estilos de vida saudáveis em estudantes universitários: uma estratégia de intervenção / Formation of healthy habits and lifestyles in university students: an intervention strategy

RESUMEN El presente artículo abordó el establecimiento de una estrategia de intervención para el mejoramiento de la condición física de los estudiantes universitarios cubanos, desde el proceso de formación. En ella, se incluyen acciones para mantener un estilo de vida saludable a partir del autoconcepto y la autorregulación consciente de cada individuo. El objetivo consistió en proponer una estrategia de intervención que tributa a la solución de las limitaciones existentes, tanto en el orden metodológico como en el plano instrumental y propicia la evaluación de la presencia de la actividad física sistemática en la formación de hábitos y estilos de vida saludables en estudiantes universitarios cubanos. Entre los métodos teóricos utilizados se encuentran el histórico-lógico, el analítico-sintético y el inducción-deducción. Se emplearon métodos empíricos como la revisión documental, la estadística y la encuesta. En la recopilación de datos, se utilizó la medición y la estadística descriptiva para el procesamiento de la información. La implantación de la estrategia utilizó como muestra estudiantes de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas. Como resultado se logra el diseño de una estrategia de intervención que incorpora la práctica sistemática de actividad física y aporta beneficios directos en la calidad del graduado universitario.

RESUMO Este artigo trata do estabelecimento de uma estratégia de intervenção para a melhoria da condição física dos estudantes universitários cubanos, a partir do processo de formação. Inclui ações para manter um estilo de vida saudável baseado no autoconceito e no auto regulação consciente de cada indivíduo. O objectivo consistia em propor uma estratégia de intervenção que contribuísse para a solução das limitações existentes, tanto metodológica como instrumentalmente, e favorecesse a avaliação da presença da atividade física sistemática na formação de hábitos e estilos de vida saudáveis nos estudantes universitários cubanos. Entre os métodos teóricos utilizados estavam os métodos histórico-lógicos, analítico-sintéticos e de indução-dedução. Foram utilizados métodos empíricos tais como revisão documental, estatística e inquérito. Na recolha de dados, foram utilizadas medições e estatísticas descritivas para processar a informação. A implementação da estratégia utilizou estudantes da Universidade de Informática como amostra. Como resultado, é conseguida a concepção de uma estratégia de intervenção que incorpora a prática sistemática da atividade física e proporciona benefícios diretos na qualidade do licenciado universitário.

ABSTRACT This article addresses the establishment of an intervention strategy to improve the physical fitness of Cuban university students, from the training process. It includes actions to maintain a healthy lifestyle based on the self-concept and conscious self -regulation of each individual. The objective was to propose an intervention strategy that contributes to the solution of the existing limitations, both in the methodological order and in the instrumental plane, and promotes the evaluation of the presence of systematic physical activity in the formation of habits and lifestyles health in Cuban university students. Among the theoretical methods used are the historical-logical, the analytical-synthetic and the induction-deduction. Empirical methods such as documentary review, statistics and survey were used. In data collection, measurement and descriptive statistics were used for information processing. The implementation of the strategy used students from the University of Informatics Sciences as a sample. As a result, the design of an intervention strategy that incorporates the systematic practice of physical activity and provides direct benefits in the quality of the university graduate is achieved.

How Information on Superfoods Changes Consumers' Attitudes: An Explorative Survey Study.

Increasing interest in healthy habits has created the market for what is commonly called "superfoods." The goal of this study was to explore Swiss consumers' initial and final attitudes toward superfoods as well as their change in attitude toward those foods after being provided selected information. A questionnaire survey was conducted to explore the individual traits of the respondents. The attitudes were assessed at the beginning and end of the survey. Four multiple regression analyses were performed. The results showed that consumers perceiving superfoods' health benefits and expressing an interest in organic foods were associated with initial and positive attitudes. These predictors remained significantly related to the positive attitude at the end of the survey. Sociodemographic predictors (age and place of residence) were significant factors, with older people and individuals who lived in urban centers showing a higher propensity to improve their attitudes toward superfoods. Individuals with lower perceptions about the benefits of superfoods being healthy and lower levels of cultural participation showed a negative attitude change. Given that this study aims to shed light on the variables that influence the behavior of Swiss consumers toward the superfoods trend, it fills a significant gap in the literature.

Retinal vein and artery occlusion as the first manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome in a pediatric patient.

Antiphospholipid syndrome is an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by hypercoagulability associated with recurrent venous and arterial thromboembolism in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Herein, we report a case of rapid sequential retinal vein and artery occlusion as the first manifestation of a primary antiphospholipid syndrome triggered by an acute Mycoplasma infection in a previously healthy 11-year-old patient. On day 1, ophthalmoscopy revealed a central retinal vein occlusion. The patient developed temporal branch retinal artery occlusion the next day. On day 3, a central retinal artery occlusion was observed. Serum lupus anticoagulant, immunoglobulin (Ig) G anticardiolipin, IgG anti-ß2-glycoprotein 1 antibody, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody levels were increased. Thus, retinal vascular occlusions can be the first manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Although it may not improve visual prognosis, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid further significant morbidity.

Estudio de los músculos estabilizadores y las lesiones más frecuentes en practicantes de béisbol 5

El béisbol, también llamado pelota, es un deporte de conjunto jugado entre dos equipos de nueve jugadores cada uno. Es considerado uno de los deportes más populares en Australia, Canadá, Colombia, Corea del Sur, Cuba, Estados Unidos, Holanda, Italia, Japón, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Puerto Rico, República Dominicana, Sudáfrica, Taiwán y Venezuela. Los países considerados potencias de este deporte se encuentran concentrados en América (Norte, Central, Caribe) y en Asia, siendo los continentes europeos y africano los más rezagados. El estudio permitió evaluar la resistencia a la fuerza de los músculos estabilizadores en 11 practicantes de beisbol 5 de la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el Deporte "Manuel Fajardo". Se realizó un levantamiento de las lesiones más frecuentes en ese deporte. La investigación se llevó a cabo con un diseño no experimental de control mínimo con pretest-postest para un solo grupo. Los métodos empleados fueron analítico-sintético, la encuesta y la medición. El coefi ciente de alfa de Cronbach permitió obtener la confiabilidad o fiabilidad test-retest de la consistencia interna del instrumento EVAL-MEB5. El instrumento se aplicó a la muestra en dos mediciones con intervalos de tiempo de una semana. Los principales resultados revelan que las lesiones más frecuentes arrojadas en el diagnóstico fueron: codo del lanzador, hombro del lanzador, codo del beisbolista joven, degeneración del menisco, tendinitis y bulsitis. El instrumento arrojó una fiabilidad test-retest 91 %, y, por ende, presenta una buena fiabilidad. La capacidad de resistencia a la fuerza de los músculos estabilizadores en Puente de cubito supino, Cuclillas isométricas a 90o en la pared e Isométrico de tronco se encontró deficiente.

O beisebol, também chamado de pelota, é um esporte coletivo jogado entre duas equipes de nove jogadores cada. É considerado um dos esportes mais populares na Austrália, Canadá, Colômbia, Cuba, República Dominicana, Holanda, Itália, Japão, México, Nicarágua, Panamá, Porto Rico, Coréia do Sul, África do Sul, Taiwan, EUA e Venezuela. Os países considerados potências neste esporte estão concentrados na América (Norte, Central, Caribe) e Ásia, sendo os continentes europeu e africano os mais atrasados. O estudo permitiu avaliar a resistência à força dos músculos estabilizadores em 11 jogadores de beisebol 5 da Universidade de Cultura Física e Ciências do Esporte "Manuel Fajardo". Foi realizado um levantamento das lesões mais freqüentes neste esporte. A pesquisa foi realizada com um projeto não-experimental de controle mínimo com pré-teste-pós-teste para um único grupo. Os métodos utilizados foram analítico-sintético, levantamento e medição. O coeficiente alfa do Cronbach foi usado para obter a confiabilidade de teste-reteste da consistência interna do instrumento EVAL-MEB5. O instrumento foi administrado à amostra em duas medidas com intervalos de tempo de uma semana. Os principais resultados revelam que as lesões diagnósticas mais freqüentes foram: cotovelo do lançador, ombro do lançador, cotovelo do jogador de beisebol jovem, degeneração meniscal, tendinite e bulsite. O instrumento tinha uma confiabilidade de teste de 91% e, portanto, tem uma boa confiabilidade. A capacidade de resistência dos músculos estabilizadores na ponte de côvados supinos, 90o isométrica de agachamento da parede e isométrica do tronco foi considerada pobre.

Baseball, also called pelota (Spanish voice), is a team sport played between two teams of nine players each. It is considered one of the most popular sports in Australia, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Holland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, South Korea, South Africa, Taiwan, United States, and Venezuela. The countries considered the powers of this sport are concentrated in America (North, Central and Caribbean) and Asia, with the European and African continents lagging behind. The study allowed evaluating the strength resistance of the stabilizing muscles in 11 baseball 5 players of the "Manuel Fajardo" University of Physical Culture and Sport Sciences. A survey of the most frequent injuries in this sport was carried out. The research was carried out with a non-experimental design of minimal control with pretest-posttest for a single group. The methods used were analytical-synthetic, survey and measurement. The Cron's alpha Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to obtain the test-retest reliability of the internal consistency of the EVAL-MEB5 instrument. The instrument was applied to the sample in 2 measurements with time intervals of one week. The main results reveal that the most frequent injuries reported in the diagnosis were: pitcher's elbow, pitcher's shoulder, young baseball player's elbow, meniscus degeneration, tendinitis and bursitis. The instrument showed a test-retest reliability of 91 % and therefore presents a good reliability. The strength endurance capacity of the stabilizing muscles in the Supine Ulnar Bridge, Isometric Squat 900 to the wall and Trunk isometric was found to be deficient.

Visual and refractive outcomes following secondary intraocular lens implantation.

PURPOSE: To analyze the visual and refractive results after secondary IOL implantation using different surgical techniques - iris-claw aphakic IOL through a corneal incision or scleral tunnel, and 3-piece IOL into the ciliary sulcus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study including patients that were submitted to secondary IOL implantation from January 2017 to December 2019 at the Department of Ophthalmology of Hospital de Braga, Portugal. We collected demographic data (age, surgical indication, comorbidities, surgical technique, IOL implanted, and intra and postoperative complications) and visual and refractive data [preoperative and 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month postoperative corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), manifest cylinder, and intraocular pressure]. RESULTS: 128 eyes from 123 patients were included. The most frequent surgical indications were IOL subluxation/luxation (62.5%) and intraoperative posterior capsular rupture (23.4%). CDVA improved from 1.26 ± 0.51 to 0.47 ± 0.49 logMar (p < .001). CDVA was significantly better in the 3-piece into the ciliary sulcus IOL group than both other groups. The final SE was -0.68 ± 0.94 diopters. The mean manifest refractive cylinder remained stable until the 6th month after the surgery (p = .454) and improved in the last 6 months of follow-up (p = .015). In the postoperative period, the cylinder was higher in the corneal incision iris-claw aphakic IOL group and lower in the 3-piece IOL into the ciliary sulcus group (p < 0,05). The corneal incision iris-claw aphakic IOL group presented the most postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: All techniques showed satisfying results. The 3-piece IOL into the ciliary sulcus group showed the best visual and refractive performance, followed by the scleral tunnel iris-claw IOL group and the corneal incision iris-claw IOL group.