Anestesia libre de opioides para cistectomía radical laparotómica en obesidad mórbida / Opioid-free anesthesia for open radical cystectomy in morbid obesity

El estudio de la técnica anestésica libre de opioides aporta evidencias de su efectividad y seguridad. Sin embargo, aún no están bien definidos todos sus riesgos y beneficios, ni en qué pacientes o intervenciones puede ser superior a la técnica anestésica convencional basada en opioides. Las cirugías intensivas y/o duraderas plantean dudas para la utilización de esta técnica por la respuesta a cambios hemodinámicos bruscos, al no producir la simpaticolisis a través de la actuación sobre el receptor μ y haber poca experiencia de uso. Una paciente con obesidad mórbida fue sometida a cistectomía radical con derivación urinaria tipo Bricker mediante laparotomía infraumbilical, consiguiéndose una adecuada estabilidad hemodinámica y una analgesia óptima en el postoperatorio sin emplear opioides intraoperatorios. La anestesia libre de opioides está en expansión con una evidencia creciente. No obstante, es necesario seguir investigando sobre sus posibilidades de utilización, las distintas combinaciones de fármacos que se puedan emplear y la resolución de complicaciones que puedan ocurrir.(AU)

Opioid-free anaesthesia shows evidence about its efectivity and security, even though its risks and benefits are not well defined. Neither are the patient profile or sort of surgery where it could be superior to the conventional opioid-based anaesthetic technique. Aggressive and/or long-lasting surgeries set out several queries on this technique regarding sudden hemodynamic changes, as it does not produce sympatholysis through μ receptor and there is modest experience in this technique. A morbidly obese patient received open radical cystectomy with Bricker-type urinary diversion using infraumbilical incision under OFA protocol, maintaining an adequate hemodynamic stability and excellent analgesia in postoperatory care without using any intraoperative opioids. Opioid-free anaesthesia technique is developing its evidence. However, it is necessary to keep on researching its clinical applications, different drug combinations and solutions to its expected complications.(AU)

Opioid-free anesthesia for open radical cystectomy in morbid obesity.

Opioid-free anaesthesia shows evidence about its efectivity and security, even though its risks and benefits are not well defined. Neither are the patient profile or sort of surgery where it could be superior to the conventional opioid-based anaesthetic technique. Aggressive and/or long-lasting surgeries set out several queries on this technique regarding sudden hemodynamic changes, as it does not produce sympatholysis through µ receptor and there is modest experience in this technique. A morbidly obese patient received open radical cystectomy with Bricker-type urinary diversion using infraumbilical incision under OFA protocol, maintaining an adequate hemodynamic stability and excellent analgesia in postoperatory care without using any intraoperative opioids. Opioid-free anaesthesia technique is developing its evidence. However, it is necessary to keep on researching its clinical applications, different drug combinations and solutions to its expected complications.

Manejo perioperatorio del paciente con lesión medular crónica portador de marcapasos frénico bilateral. Descripción de un caso / Perioperative management of the patient with chronic spinal cord injury using bilateral diaphragmatic pacemaker. Clinical case

Los pacientes con lesión medular crónica tienenunas alteraciones fisiopatológicas que determinan unaimportante morbilidad y mortalidad en el periodo perioperatorio. El marcapasos diafragmático es un dispositivo que permite la ventilación pulmonar en pacientescon lesiones cervicales altas y mejora la calidad de vidafrente al uso de ventilación mecánica. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con lesiónmedular crónica y portadora de un marcapasos diafragmático que fue programada para realización de nefrolitotomía percutánea y colocación de catéter doble Jderecho. El anestesista debe conocer la situación fisiopatológica de estos pacientes para asegurar la seguridad en el proceso perioperatorio.(AU)

Patients with chronic spinal cord injury suffer froma number of pathophysiological alterations that canlead to important morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. The diaphragmatic pacemaker is adevice that enables pulmonary ventilation in patientswith high cervical cord injuries and provides them witha better quality of life when compared to mechanicalventilation. We present here the clinical case of a patient withchronic spinal cord injury who used a diaphragmaticpacemaker, and who was scheduled for percutaneousnephrolithotomy and double-J stent implantation. Theanesthesiologist should know the pathophysiologicalsituation of these patients in order to provide a safeperioperatory care.(AU)

Opioid-free anesthesia for open radical cystectomy in morbid obesity. / Anestesia libre de opioides para cistectomía radical laparotómica en obesidad mórbida.

Opioid-free anaesthesia shows evidence about its efectivity and security, even though its risks and benefits are not well defined. Neither are the patient profile or sort of surgery where it could be superior to the conventional opioid-based anaesthetic technique. Aggressive and/or long-lasting surgeries set out several queries on this technique regarding sudden hemodynamic changes, as it does not produce sympatholysis through µ receptor and there is modest experience in this technique. A morbidly obese patient received open radical cystectomy with Bricker-type urinary diversion using infraumbilical incision under OFA protocol, maintaining an adequate hemodynamic stability and excellent analgesia in postoperatory care without using any intraoperative opioids. Opioid-free anaesthesia technique is developing its evidence. However, it is necessary to keep on researching its clinical applications, different drug combinations and solutions to its expected complications.

[Perioperative management of the patient with chronic spinal cord injury using bilateral diaphragmatic pacemaker. Clinical case].

Patients with chronic spinal cord injury suffer from a number of pathophysiological alterations that can lead to important morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. The diaphragmatic pacemaker is a device that enables pulmonary ventilation in patients with high cervical cord injuries and provides them with a better quality of life when compared to mechanical ventilation. We present here the clinical case of a patient with chronic spinal cord injury who used a diaphragmatic pacemaker, and who was scheduled for percutaneous nephrolithotomy and double-J stent implantation. The anesthesiologist should know the pathophysiological situation of these patients in order to provide a safe perioperatory care.

Impacto de la anestesia libre de opioides en cirugía bariátrica / Impact of opioid free anaesthesia in bariatric surgery

FUNDAMENTO: Los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica presentan mayor riesgo de complicaciones debido al uso de opioides. El objetivo es valorar la seguridad e idoneidad del protocolo Anestesia libre de opioides (OFA) implantado en el Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria en 2018. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo llevado a cabo en 38 pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica bajo protocolo OFA durante el año 2018 en el H.U. Virgen de la Victoria (Málaga). Se recogieron variables para establecer el control hemodinámico y del dolor perioperatorio que se analizaron mediante Stata V.16. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue 43 años, el índice de masa corporal medio 48,14 y la estancia media en quirófano 178 minutos. El control de la respuesta hipertensiva tras la laringoscopia sucedió en el 88,1% de los casos. Al ingreso en la Unidad de Recuperación Post Anestésica (URPA), la SpO2 sin aporte suplementario en el traslado presentó una mediana de 97% con p75 ≥ 95%, mientras que el p75 de la evaluación del dolor mediante escala visual analógica (EVA) fue 3, con un 68% de pacientes sin dolor. Al alta de URPA, todos presentaron EVA menor de 4 y solo fue necesario administrar una dosis baja de petidina en siete pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: La OFA ha resultado ser segura y conseguir un control del dolor óptimo. En los casos reconvertidos, el buen control de los parámetros abre la posibilidad de su utilización en cirugías más dolorosas

BACKGROUND: Patients subjected to bariatric surgery present a greater risk of complications due to the use of opioids. The goal is to evaluate the security and suitability of the Opioid Free Anaesthesia (OFA) protocol implemented in the Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria in 2018. METHOD: Prospective study carried out on 38 patients subjected to laparoscopic bariatric surgery under the OFA protocol in the year 2018 at the H.U. Virgen de la Victoria (Málaga, Spain). Variables were gathered to establish haemodynamic control and perioperative pain, which were analysed using Stata V.16. RESULTS: The average age was 43 years, the average body mass index was 48.14 and the average stay in the operating theatre was 178 minutes. Control of hypertensive response following laryngoscopy occurred in 88.1% of the cases. On entering the Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU), SpO2 without a supplementary contribution in the transfer showed a median of 97% with p75 ≥ 95%, while the p75 of pain evaluation by means of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was 3, with 68% of patients without pain. On discharge from the PACU, all presented VAS below 4 and it was only necessary to administer a low dose of Pethidine in seven patients. CONCLUSION: The OFA has proved to be secure and achieves optimum pain control. In the reconverted cases, good control of the parameters opens up the possibility of its use in more painful surgeries

[Impact of opioid free anaesthesia in bariatric surgery]. / Impacto de la anestesia libre de opioides en cirugía bariátrica.

BACKGROUND: Patients subjected to bariatric surgery present a greater risk of complications due to the use of opioids. The goal is to evaluate the security and suitability of the Opioid Free Anaesthesia (OFA) protocol implemented in the Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria in 2018. METHOD: Prospective study carried out on 38 patients subjected to laparoscopic bariatric surgery under the OFA protocol in the year 2018 at the H.U. Virgen de la Victoria (Málaga, Spain). Variables were gathered to establish haemodynamic control and perioperative pain, which were analysed using Stata v.16. RESULTS: The average age was 43 years, the average body mass index was 48.14 and the average stay in the operating theatre was 178 minutes. Control of hypertensive response following laryngoscopy occurred in 88.1% of the cases. On entering the Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU), SpO2 without a supplementary contribution in the transfer showed a median of 97% with p75 = 95%, while the p75 of pain evaluation by means of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was 3, with 68% of patients without pain. On discharge from the PACU, all presented VAS below 4 and it was only necessary to administer a low dose of Pethidine in seven patients. CONCLUSION: The OFA has proved to be secure and achieves optimum pain control. In the reconverted cases, good control of the parameters opens up the possibility of its use in more painful surgeries.

Laparotomía en un paciente bajo anestesia libre de opiáceos / Laparotomy in a patient under opioid-free anaesthesia

Los pacientes obesos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica tienen una alta probabilidad de presentar complicaciones que empeoran con el uso de opiáceos y que pueden ser disminuidas gracias a técnicas anestésicas como la anestesia libre de opiáceos (OFA). El riesgo de tener que reconvertir la técnica quirúrgica laparoscópica a cirugía abierta es una de las críticas a esta modalidad anestésica, ante la posibilidad de que no exista un correcto control simpático o nociceptivo. Presentamos el caso de una paciente programada para una cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica que, manteniendo la OFA, se reconvirtió a cirugía abierta (laparotomía exploradora), logrando un correcto control tanto hemodinámico como del dolor perioperatorio

Obese patients subjected to bariatric surgery have a high probability of presenting complications that worsen with the use of opioids and can be reduced thanks to anaesthetic techniques like opioid-free anaesthetics (OFA). The risk of having to convert the laparoscopic surgical technique into open surgery is one of the criticisms aimed at this anaesthetic modality, facing the possibility of there not being a correct sympathetic or nociceptive control. We present the case of a patient scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric surgery who, while maintaining OFA, was converted to open surgery (exploratory laparoscopy), with correct control achieved of both haemodynamics and perioperative pain

[Laparotomy in a patient under opioid free anesthesia]. / Laparotomía en un paciente bajo anestesia libre de opiáceos.

Obese patients subjected to bariatric surgery have a high probability of presenting complications that worsen with the use of opioids and can be reduced thanks to anaesthetic techniques like opioid-free anaesthetics (OFA). The risk of having to convert the laparoscopic surgical technique into open surgery is one of the criticisms aimed at this anaesthetic modality, facing the possibility of there not being a correct sympathetic or nociceptive control. We present the case of a patient scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric surgery who, while maintaining OFA, was converted to open surgery (exploratory laparoscopy), with correct control achieved of both haemodynamics and perioperative pain.

Eficacia y seguridad del bloqueo femoral continuo guiado con ecografía frente a la analgesia epidural en el postoperatorio de artroplastia total de rodilla / Effectiveness and safety of continuous ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block versus epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty

Objetivos. La artroplastia total de rodilla es una intervención asociada a dolor postoperatorio de severa intensidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el bloqueo continuo del nervio femoral ecoguiado con la analgesia epidural continua, ambos con bajas concentraciones de anestésico local en el postoperatorio inmediato de este proceso. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo aleatorizado no enmascarado de 60 pacientes intervenidos de prótesis total de rodilla aleatorizados en 2 grupos. Treinta pacientes recibieron un bloqueo epidural continuo mientras que los otros 30 recibieron un bloqueo continuo del nervio femoral ecoguiado, utilizando para la infusión levobupivacaína 0,125% en ambos grupos. Se valoró la existencia de diferencias en cuanto al control del dolor, la aparición de efectos colaterales y complicaciones entre ambas técnicas, así como la necesidad de opiáceos de rescate y el grado de satisfacción con el tratamiento recibido durante las primeras 48h de postoperatorio. Resultados. La calidad de la analgesia fue similar en ambos grupos, aunque en las primeras 6h de postoperatorio los pacientes del grupo epidural presentaron menor dolor tanto en reposo como en movimiento (p=0,007 y p=0,011). Esta diferencia no se observó a las 24h (p=0,084 y p=0,942). A las 48h el control del dolor en reposo en el grupo bloqueo femoral fue mejor que en el epidural (p=0,009). El consumo medio de morfina y el grado de satisfacción fueron similares. La analgesia epidural presentó el mayor índice de efectos colaterales (p=0,003). Conclusiones. El bloqueo continuo del nervio femoral ecoguiado proporciona una analgesia y un consumo de morfina similares a la analgesia epidural, con un mismo grado de satisfacción pero con menor índice de efectos colaterales en el postoperatorio de artroplastia total de rodilla (AU)

Objectives. Total knee arthroplasty is associated with severe postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to compare continuous ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block with continuous epidural analgesia, both with low concentrations of local anaesthetic after total knee arthroplasty. Material and methods. A prospective, randomised, unblinded study of 60 patients undergoing total knee replacement, randomised into two groups. A total of 30 patients received continuous epidural block, while the other 30 received continuous ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block, as well as using 0.125% levobupivacaine infusion in both groups. Differences in pain control, undesirable effects, and complications between the two techniques were assessed, as well as the need for opioid rescue and the level of satisfaction with the treatment received during the first 48hours after surgery. Results. No differences were found in demographic and surgical variables. The quality of analgesia was similar in both groups, although in the first six hours after surgery, patients in the epidural group had less pain both at rest and with movement (P=.007 and P=.011). This difference was not observed at 24hours (P=.084 and P=.942). Pain control at rest in the femoral block group was better at 48hours after surgery than in the epidural group (P=.009). The mean consumption of morphine and level of satisfaction were similar. Epidural analgesia showed the highest rate of side effects (P=.003). Conclusions. Continuous ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block provides analgesia and morphine consumption similar to epidural analgesia, with the same level of satisfaction, but with a lower rate of side effects after total knee arthroplasty (AU)

Anestesia general en paciente con síndrome de Poland / General anesthesia in patients with syndrome of Poland

El aumento del uso de la cirugía, como tratamiento o como alternativa de mejora, hace que nos encontremos en quirófano con un mayor número de pacientes, entre ellos los que adolecen de enfermedades poco comunes. El síndrome de Poland es una enfermedad congénita rara, relacionada con el desarrollo muscular. Estos pacientes pueden presentar un amplio espectro de anomalías, entre las que destacan: anomalías a nivel torácico, que pueden alterar el manejo ventilatorio, a nivel de la vía aérea; la posible aparición de una hipertermia maligna. Esto lleva al anestesiólogo a tomar ciertas medidas preventivas. Narramos el caso de una paciente con síndrome de Poland que se intervenía para colocación de una prótesis mamaria, en el que evitamos los halogenados, y llevamos a cabo una anestesia total intravenosa con propofol. La aparición de espasmos musculares consecuencia del uso del propofol obligó en una segunda anestesia a llevar a cabo una anestesia total intravenosa con midazolam (AU)

The increased use of surgery as a treatment or as an alternative for improvement means that we have a larger number of patients in the operating theatre, including those who suffer from rare diseases. Poland Syndrome is a rare congenital disease associated with muscle development. These patients may have a broad spectrum of abnormalities, which include thoracic anomalies, which can alter the ventilatory management at the level of the airway; the possible onset of malignant hyperthermia. This leads the anaesthetist to take certain preventive measures. We report the case of a patient with Poland syndrome operated for the placement of a breast prosthesis. We avoid halogenated agents, and use a Total Intravenous Anaesthesia with propofol. The appearance of muscle spasms as a result of the use of propofol, forced us into a second anaesthesia to perform total intravenous anaesthesia with Midazolam (AU)

Effectiveness and safety of continuous ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block versus epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. / Eficacia y seguridad del bloqueo femoral continuo guiado con ecografía frente a la analgesia epidural en el postoperatorio de artroplastia total de rodilla.

OBJECTIVES: Total knee arthroplasty is associated with severe postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to compare continuous ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block with continuous epidural analgesia, both with low concentrations of local anaesthetic after total knee arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, randomised, unblinded study of 60 patients undergoing total knee replacement, randomised into two groups. A total of 30 patients received continuous epidural block, while the other 30 received continuous ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block, as well as using 0.125% levobupivacaine infusion in both groups. Differences in pain control, undesirable effects, and complications between the two techniques were assessed, as well as the need for opioid rescue and the level of satisfaction with the treatment received during the first 48hours after surgery. RESULTS: No differences were found in demographic and surgical variables. The quality of analgesia was similar in both groups, although in the first six hours after surgery, patients in the epidural group had less pain both at rest and with movement (P=.007 and P=.011). This difference was not observed at 24hours (P=.084 and P=.942). Pain control at rest in the femoral block group was better at 48hours after surgery than in the epidural group (P=.009). The mean consumption of morphine and level of satisfaction were similar. Epidural analgesia showed the highest rate of side effects (P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block provides analgesia and morphine consumption similar to epidural analgesia, with the same level of satisfaction, but with a lower rate of side effects after total knee arthroplasty.

General anesthesia in patients with syndrome of Poland. / Anestesia general en paciente con síndrome de Poland.

The increased use of surgery as a treatment or as an alternative for improvement means that we have a larger number of patients in the operating theatre, including those who suffer from rare diseases. Poland Syndrome is a rare congenital disease associated with muscle development. These patients may have a broad spectrum of abnormalities, which include thoracic anomalies, which can alter the ventilatory management at the level of the airway; the possible onset of malignant hyperthermia. This leads the anaesthetist to take certain preventive measures. We report the case of a patient with Poland syndrome operated for the placement of a breast prosthesis. We avoid halogenated agents, and use a Total Intravenous Anaesthesia with propofol. The appearance of muscle spasms as a result of the use of propofol, forced us into a second anaesthesia to perform total intravenous anaesthesia with Midazolam.