Sujet(s)
Conservation des ressources naturelles , Politique de l'environnement , Réchauffement de la planète , Océans et mers , Animaux , Migration animale , Conservation des ressources naturelles/législation et jurisprudence , Conservation des ressources naturelles/méthodes , Conservation des ressources naturelles/tendances , Politique de l'environnement/législation et jurisprudence , Politique de l'environnement/tendances , Réchauffement de la planète/prévention et contrôle , Réchauffement de la planète/législation et jurisprudence , Eau de mer/composition chimiqueRÉSUMÉ
Tropical seabirds exert key roles in reef ecosystems but face growing threats from climate change, especially on coral reef islands (CRIs). Therefore, we advocate for a more comprehensive, global data exchange on CRIs and CRI-dependent seabirds and outline steps for improving their study and conservation.
Sujet(s)
Anthozoa , Animaux , Écosystème , Iles , Récifs de corail , Changement climatique , Oiseaux , Conservation des ressources naturellesRÉSUMÉ
PURPOSE: Following the development of a service that consisted of a "single point of contact" to coordinate end-of-life care (EoLC), including EoLC facilitators and an urgent response team, we aimed to explore whether the provision of coordinated EoLC would support patients being cared or dying in their preferred place and avoid unwanted hospital admissions. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Using a realist evaluation approach, the authors examined "what worked for whom, how, in what circumstances and why". Multiple data were collected, including activity/performance indicators, observations of management meetings, documents, satisfaction survey and 30 interviews with service providers and users. FINDINGS: Advance care planning (ACP) increased through the first three years of the service (from 45% to 83%) and on average 74% of patients achieved preferred place of death. More than 70% of patients avoided an emergency or unplanned hospital admission in their last month of life. The mechanisms and context identified as driving forces of the service included: 7/7 single point of contact; coordinating services across providers; recruiting and developing the workforce; understanding and clarifying new roles; and managing expectations. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: This was a service evaluation and the outcomes are related to the specific context and mechanisms. However, findings can be transferable to similar settings. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: "Single point of contact" services that offer coordinated EoLC can contribute in supporting people to be cared and die in their preferred place. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This paper provides an evaluation of a novel approach to EoLC and creates a set of hypotheses that could be further tested in similar services in the future.
Sujet(s)
Satisfaction des patients , Soins terminaux , Adolescent , Adulte , Planification anticipée des soins , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Femelle , Hospitalisation , Humains , Entretiens comme sujet , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Soins palliatifs , Recherche qualitative , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Jeune adulteRÉSUMÉ
The distributions of migratory species in the ocean span local, national and international jurisdictions. Across these ecologically interconnected regions, migratory marine species interact with anthropogenic stressors throughout their lives. Migratory connectivity, the geographical linking of individuals and populations throughout their migratory cycles, influences how spatial and temporal dynamics of stressors affect migratory animals and scale up to influence population abundance, distribution and species persistence. Population declines of many migratory marine species have led to calls for connectivity knowledge, especially insights from animal tracking studies, to be more systematically and synthetically incorporated into decision-making. Inclusion of migratory connectivity in the design of conservation and management measures is critical to ensure they are appropriate for the level of risk associated with various degrees of connectivity. Three mechanisms exist to incorporate migratory connectivity into international marine policy which guides conservation implementation: site-selection criteria, network design criteria and policy recommendations. Here, we review the concept of migratory connectivity and its use in international policy, and describe the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean system, a migratory connectivity evidence-base for the ocean. We propose that without such collaboration focused on migratory connectivity, efforts to effectively conserve these critical species across jurisdictions will have limited effect.
Sujet(s)
Migration animale , Conservation des ressources naturelles , Politique de l'environnement , Animaux , Écosystème , Géographie , Océans et mersRÉSUMÉ
Large marine protected areas (LMPAs) are increasingly being established and have a high profile in marine conservation. LMPAs are expected to achieve multiple objectives, and because of their size are postulated to avoid trade-offs that are common in smaller MPAs. However, evaluations across multiple outcomes are lacking. We used a systematic approach to code several social and ecological outcomes of 12 LMPAs. We found evidence of three types of trade-offs: trade-offs between different ecological resources (supply trade-offs); trade-offs between ecological resource conditions and the well-being of resource users (supply-demand trade-offs); and trade-offs between the well-being outcomes of different resource users (demand trade-offs). We also found several divergent outcomes that were attributed to influences beyond the scope of the LMPA. We suggest that despite their size, trade-offs can develop in LMPAs and should be considered in planning and design. LMPAs may improve their performance across multiple social and ecological objectives if integrated with larger-scale conservation efforts.