Enhancing Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance of Metal-Organic Frameworks through Cathode Activation.

Due to their abundant active sites and porous structures, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant interest as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. Nevertheless, the development of MOF-based electrocatalysts with efficient OER activity and excellent stability simultaneously still faces challenges. Herein, a cathodic activation strategy was used to enhance the OER electrocatalytic performance of M-HHTP for the first time, where M refers to Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, while HHTP denotes 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-hexahydroxytriphenylene. As a prototype, the activated Ni-HHTP (HA-Ni-HHTP) demonstrates outstanding OER performance, with an overpotential as low as 140 mV at 20 mA cm-2 and a small Tafel slope of 78.7 mV-1, surpassing commercial RuO2 and rivaling state-of-the-art MOFs-based electrocatalysts. Characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that the superior performance of HA-Ni-HHTP is primarily ascribed to changes in semiconductor type, contact angle, and oxygen vacancy content induced by cathodic activation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis using the transmission line model confirms that cathodic activation accelerates charge transport, enhancing the OER process. Furthermore, the cathodic activation strategy holds promise for improving the water oxidation performance of other MOFs such as Fe-HHTP, Co-HHTP, and Cu-HHTP.

Three-year epidemiological analysis of penetrating ocular traumatic endophthalmitis.

The characteristics of patients with endophthalmitis due to penetrating ocular trauma are still limited. The aim of the study was to fill these gaps among Chinese population. This retrospective study included patients diagnosed as penetrating ocular traumatic endophthalmitis between January 2016 to December 2018. During the past 3-year period, a total of 201 patients with antecedent penetrating eye injuries were evaluated. Of which, 42 (20.9%) patients presented a clinical course compatible with acute infectious endophthalmitis. 39 (92.86%) patients were males, and 15 (35.71%) patients had mechanical injuries from intraocular foreign body (IOFB), the rate of endophthalmitis due to IOFB was 13.43%, higher to the rate among patients without IOFB (7.46%). The duration between injury occurrence and endophthalmitis onset was 1 day in 10 (23,80%) patients; 2 to 7 days in 31 (73.80%) patients, and 7 to 14 days in 1 (2.38%) patient. After 1 year follow-up, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) better than 20/400 was observed in 15 (35.71%) patients, counting fingers and hand move in 17 (40.48%) patients, light perception in 5 (11.9%) patients and no light perception in 5 (11.9%) patients, respectively. Patients with promising outcomes had better initial BCVA at baseline (P < .001). Endophthalmitis is a severe ocular infectious condition that may lead to irreversible vision loss. A greater attention must be paid to penetrating eye injuries within males, who had poor BCVA at baseline, particularly with obvious IOFB.

A stepwise prediction and interpretation of gestational diabetes mellitus: Foster the practical application of machine learning in clinical decision.

Background: Machine learning has shown to be an effective method for early prediction and intervention of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which greatly decreases GDM incidence, reduces maternal and infant complications and improves the prognosis. However, there is still much room for improvement in data quality, feature dimension, and accuracy. The contributions and mechanism explanations of clinical data at different pregnancy stages to the prediction accuracy are still lacking. More importantly, current models still face notable obstacles in practical applications due to the complex and diverse input features and difficulties in redeployment. As a result, a simple, practical but accurate enough model is urgently needed. Design and methods: In this study, 2309 samples from two public hospitals in Shenzhen, China were collected for analysis. Different algorithms were systematically compared to build a robust and stepwise prediction system (level A to C) based on advanced machine learning, and models under different levels were interpreted. Results: XGBoost reported the best performance with ACC of 0.922, 0.859 and 0.850, AUC of 0.974, 0.924 and 0.913 for the selected level A to C models in the test set, respectively. Tree-based feature importance and SHAP method successfully identified the commonly recognized risk factors, while indicated new inconsistent impact trends for GDM in different stages of pregnancy. Conclusion: A stepwise prediction system was successfully established. A practical tool that enables a quick prediction of GDM was released at https://github.com/ifyoungnet/MedGDM.This study is expected to provide a more detailed profiling of GDM risk and lay the foundation for the application of the model in practice.

Patch and matrix striatonigral neurons differentially regulate locomotion.

Striatonigral neurons, known to promote locomotion, reside in both the patch and matrix compartments of the dorsal striatum. However, their compartment-specific contributions to locomotion remain largely unexplored. Using molecular identifier Kremen1 and Calb1 , we showed in mouse models that patch and matrix striatonigral neurons exert opposite influences on locomotion. Matrix striatonigral neurons reduced their activity before the cessation of self-paced locomotion, while patch striatonigral neuronal activity increased, suggesting an inhibitory function. Indeed, optogenetic activation of patch striatonigral neurons suppressed ongoing locomotion with reduced striatal dopamine release, contrasting with the locomotion-promoting effect of matrix striatonigral neurons, which showed an initial increase in dopamine release. Furthermore, genetic deletion of the GABA-B receptor in Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1-positive (ALDH1A1 + ) nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons completely abolished the locomotion-suppressing effect of patch striatonigral neurons. Our findings unravel a compartment-specific mechanism governing locomotion in the dorsal striatum, where patch striatonigral neurons suppress locomotion by inhibiting ALDH1A1 + nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.

Preparation of novel sulfated polysaccharide-carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil-folic acid conjugates for targeted anticancer drug delivery.

GFP1, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Grateloupia filicina, exhibits remarkable immunomodulatory activity. To reduce the side effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), GFP1 was employed as a macromolecular carrier to synthesize of GFP1-C-5-FU by reacting with carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil (C-5-FU). Subsequently, this new compound was reacted with folic acid (FA) through an ester bond, forming novel conjugates named GFP1-C-5-FU-FA. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis confirmed the formation of GFP1-C-5-FU-FA. In vitro drug release studies revealed that the cumulative release rate of C-5-FU reached 46.9 % in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) after 96 h, a rate significantly higher than that of the control groups, indicating the controlled drug release behavior of GFP1-C-5-FU-FA. Additionally, in vitro anticancer assays demonstrated the potent anticancer activity of GFP1-C-5-FU-FA conjugates, as evidenced by the reduced viability of HeLa and AGS cancer cells, along with increased levels of apoptosis and cellular uptake. Western blot analysis indicated that the GFP1-C-5-FU-FA conjugate effectively enhanced phosphorylation in cancer cells through the NF-kB and MAPK pathways, thereby promoting apoptosis. These findings highlight the potential of folate-targeted conjugates in efficiently treating HeLa and AGS cancer cells in vitro and lay a robust theoretical groundwork for future in vivo anti-cancer research involving these cells.

AI nutritionist: Intelligent software as the next generation pioneer of precision nutrition.

With the rapid development of information technology and artificial intelligence (AI), people have acquired the abilities and are encouraged to develop intelligent tools and software, which begins to shed light on intelligent and precise food nutrition. Despite the rapid development of such software, disparities still exist in terms of methodology, contents, and implementation strategies. Hence, a set of panoramic profiles is urgently needed to elucidate their values and guide their future development. Here a comprehensive review was conducted aiming to summarize and compare the objects, contents, intelligent algorithms, and functions realized by the already released software in current research. Consequently, 177 AI nutritionists in recent years were collected and analyzed. The advantages, limitations, and trends concerning their application scenarios were analyzed. It was found that AI nutritionists have been gradually advancing the production modes and efficiency of food recognition, dietary recording/monitoring, nutritional assessment, and nutrient/recipe recommendation. Most AI nutritionists have a relatively low level of intelligence. However, new trends combining advanced AI algorithms, intelligent sensors and big data are coming with new applications in real-time and precision nutrition. AI models concerning molecular-level behaviors are becoming the new focus to drive AI nutritionists. Multi-center and multi-level studies have also gradually been realized to be necessary.

Status of knowledge, attitude and practice of clinical nurses towards the intrahospital transport of critically ill patients: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practice status of the intrahospital transport (IHT) of critically ill patients among clinical nurses and their influencing factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A questionnaire determined the nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practice scores. The questionnaire was used for data collection in a tertiary hospital from 10 January to 17 January 2023. Multivariate regression analysis was also used to evaluate the related factors of IHT of critically ill patients in different dimensions. RESULTS: Out of 670 distributed questionnaires, 612 nurses returned the completed questionnaire. The scores of KAP were (9.72 ± 1.61), (42.91 ± 4.58) and (82.84 ± 1.61), respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that knowledge, attitude and behaviour scores were positively correlated. Variables that were associated with the scores of transfer knowledge were the scores of transfer practice, different departments and the scores of transfer attitude. The score of practice, number of IHT and received hospital-level training had statistical significance on the nurses' attitude scores. Furthermore, the score of the attitude and transport knowledge had statistical significance on the nurses' practice. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a clear need for clinical nurses' knowledge of IHT of critically ill patients, especially in the emergency department (ED) and ICU. In addition, nurses need to be more active in transporting critically ill patients. Managers should enhance nurses' confidence in the IHT of critically ill patients and promote clinical nurses to establish a correct and positive attitude. IMPACT: The findings of this study benefit nursing managers in understanding the current situation of IHT of critically ill patients. Managers should apply new training methods to nursing education and develop a multi-level training program that is systematic, comprehensive and demand-oriented. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The participants of this study were nurses and this contribution has been explained in the Data collection section. There was no patient contribution in this study.

[Acquired cystic kidney hemorrhage in peritoneal dialysis patients: A report of three cases].

Spontaneous renal cyst hemorrhage is one of the clinical emergencies in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and is potentially life-threatening. The main complaints are sudden low back pain, paleness, and hypotensive shock with or without vomiting or fever. In contrast to inherited polycystic kidney disease, acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) secondary to chronic kidney disease is easily overlooked or delayed in clinical diagnosis and treatment, leading to severe clinical outcomes. We report three patients with spontaneous hemorrhage of ACKD in the peritoneal dialysis center at Peking University First Hospital. The common features are as follows, long history of dialysis, mild to severe low back pain, decrease in hemoglobulin, negative PD solutions, diagnosis established through computed tomography (CT), and continuing PD during treatment of ACKD hemorrhage. Treatments vary from conservative to unilaterally selective renal artery embolization. In this study, ACKD morbidity was investigated in PD patients. A total of 316 patients who had an abdominal ultrasound, CT, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the past 1 year were enrolled. Among them, 103 cases (32.9%) met the diagnostic criteria of ACKD. The morbidity rates were 27.5%, 37.8%, 43.8%, 59.1%, and 88.6%, when the dialysis history ranged from ≤3, >3 & ≤5, >5 & ≤7, >7 & ≤9, >9 years, respectively, showing a increasing trend. Most ACKD hemorrhages could be healed and got an acceptable prognosis after treatment, including rest, blood transfusion, selective renal artery embolization, or nephrectomy. We summarize the risk factors, including a long history of dialysis, anticoagulation or antiplatelet, and inflammation or stones of the urinary system, but with no difference in initial kidney diseases and gender. ACKD hemorrhage mainly includes intracapsular hemorrhage, cyst rupture, and spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage. In addition, we also recommend an adaptive process for spontaneous kidney hemorrhage of diagnosis and treatment in peritoneal dialysis patients. The significance of these cases lies in the fact that patients with ACKD are potentially associated with complications such as cyst hemorrhage and malignancy. Thus, peritoneal dialysis physicians should place great importance on the surveillance of ACKD.

Ocular surface changes in moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris.

AIM: To investigate ocular surface disorders and tear function changes in patients with acne vulgaris and explore the potential relationship between acne vulgaris and dry eye. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included right eyes of 53 patients with acne vulgaris and 54 healthy controls. The participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The following ocular surface-related parameters were measured: tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), lipid layer thickness (LLT) score of the tear film, meibum score, meibomian gland orifice obstruction score, the ratio of meibomian gland loss, conjunctival hyperemia score, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score. RESULTS: The stability of the tear film decreased in acne vulgaris patients. In the acne group, the TMH and NIBUT were lower, whereas the OSDI, meibum score, meibomian gland orifice obstruction score, ratio of meibomian gland loss, and conjunctival hyperemia score were higher compared with controls (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the CFS score, SIT, or LLT score between the groups (P>0.05). In two dry eye groups, the TMH, NIBUT, and LLT score were lower in the acne with dry eye (acne-DE) group, and the meibum score, meibomian gland orifice obstruction score, ratio of meibomian gland loss and conjunctival hyperemia score in the acne-DE group were higher (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between OSDI, SIT, and CFS score (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris are more likely to experience dry eye than those without acne vulgaris. Reduced tear film stability and meibomian gland structure dysfunction are more pronounced in patients with moderate-to-severe acne and dry eye.

Prevalence and Residual Risk of HIV in Volunteer Blood Donors of Zhejiang Province, China, from 2018 to 2022.

Background: Blood safety levels have been significantly improved since the implementation of nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) testing for blood donors. However, there remains a residual risk of transfusion transmission infections. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HIV and its residual risk transmission among volunteer blood donors of Zhejiang Province, China, for five years after NAT implementation. Materials and Methods: All specimens and information were collected from voluntary unpaid donors at all blood services in Zhejiang Province, China, from January 2018 to December 2022. The HIV antibody or antigen and HIV RNA were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and NAT, respectively. The HIV residual risk transmission was calculated using the incidence or window period model. Results: A total of 3,375,678 voluntary blood donors were detected, revealing an HIV prevalence of 9.92/100000. The HIV prevalence of blood donors in 12 blood services in Zhejiang Province was 6.11, 6.98, 7.45, 8.21, 8.36, 8.94, 9.04, 9.66, 9.73, 10.22, 11.80, and 12.47 per 100000 donors, without statistically significant difference observed among the services (p > 0.05). The HIV prevalence of males (15.49/100000) was significantly higher compared to females (1.95/100000; p < 0.05). There was an insignificant difference in HIV prevalence among blood donors of all different age groups (p > 0.05), but the HIV prevalence in the 26-35 age group and 18-25 age group was significantly higher compared to the 36-45 age group (p < 0.05). The difference in HIV prevalence between first-time blood donors (13.65/100,000) and repeat blood donors (6.78/100,000) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). From 2018 to 2022, the HIV residual risk in blood transfusion transmission was 0.266/100000. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV among blood donors in Zhejiang Province, China, is associated with age, gender, and times of blood donation. The HIV residual risk in blood transfusion transmission remains low in the province, and increasing the rate of repeat blood donors is beneficial to improve blood safety.

Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy with the KangDuo Surgical System Versus the da Vinci Si System: A Prospective, Double-center, Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: The KangDuo Surgical Robot (KD-SR) is a newly developed surgical robot. OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using the KD-SR with those of the da Vinci Si Surgical System (DV-SS-Si). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective double-center noninferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted among 18-75-yr-old patients with suspected T1-2N0M0 prostate cancer (PCa) scheduled for RARP. INTERVENTION: RARP with the KD-SR (KD-RARP) versus RARP with the DV-SS-Si (DV-RARP). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary outcome was surgical success, defined as follows: surgery can be performed according to the established protocol, without switching to other surgical modalities, and without secondary surgery due to surgical complications after surgery. The secondary outcome was short-term functional and oncological outcomes. The noninferiority threshold was set at 10%. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Eighty patients were enrolled, while the full analysis set finally included 79 patients (40 with KD-RARP and 39 with DV-RARP). The success rate was 100% in both groups. We could not find differences in urinary continence rate at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after catheter removal between the groups (p > 0.05). The rate of Clavien-Dindo grade II adverse events was 20% in the KD-RARP group and 17.9% in the DV-RARP group (p = 0.82), and no grade ≥III adverse events occurred. The median operation time was significantly longer in the KD-RARP group than in the DV-RARP group (177.5 vs 145 min, p = 0.012). The main limitations were the short follow-up period and that survival was not considered as the primary outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The KD-SR is a viable option for RARP, with acceptable short-term outcomes compared with the DV-SS-Si for T1-2 PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY: This is the first prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the KangDuo Surgical Robot (KD-SR) versus the da Vinci Si Surgical System (DV-SS-Si) for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, which determines that the KD-SR is noninferior to the DV-SS-Si regarding safety and efficacy for T1-T2 prostate cancer.

Is conventional magnetic resonance imaging superior to radiography in the functional integrity evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament in patients with knee osteoarthritis?

BACKGROUND: The functional integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) influences surgical decision-making in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the functional status of ACL. METHODS: We analyzed 306 knees retrospectively using preoperative hip-to-ankle anteroposterior standing (APS) radiographs, anteroposterior (AP) and lateral knee radiographs, AP valgus stress (VS) force radiographs, and standard orthogonal MRI. Based on the intraoperative visualization, the knees were grouped into ACL functionally-intact and ACL functionally-deficient (ACLD) groups. The diagnostic validity and reliability were calculated based on the radiograph parameters such as hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), posterior tibial slope (PTS), sagittal tibiofemoral subluxation (STFS), coronal tibiofemoral subluxation (CTFS), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), the maximum wear point of the proximal tibia plateau (MWPPT%), and MRI parameters including ACL grades and MWPPT%. RESULTS: HKA, MPTA, PTS, STFS, JLCA, and CTFS on APS and AP radiographs, and MWPPT% on radiographs and MRI showed a significant diagnostic value (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the single parameters from radiographs and MRI. After constructing the logistic regression models, MRI showed higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, reaching 96.8%, 79.9%, and 83.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with KOA, the diagnostic value of single radiographic or MRI parameter in assessing the functional integrity of the ACL are equivalent. However, by constructing predictive models, MRI could significantly improve diagnostic validity compared with radiography.

Enhanced Degradation of Micropollutants in a Peracetic Acid/Mn(II) System with EDDS: An Investigation of the Role of Mn Species.

Extensive research has been conducted on the utilization of a metal-based catalyst to activate peracetic acid (PAA) for the degradation of micropollutants (MPs) in water. Mn(II) is a commonly employed catalyst for homogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), but its catalytic performance with PAA is poor. This study showed that the environmentally friendly chelator ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) could greatly facilitate the activation of Mn(II) in PAA for complete atrazine (ATZ) degradation. In this process, the EDDS enhanced the catalytic activity of manganese (Mn) and prevented disproportionation of transient Mn species, thus facilitating the decay of PAA and mineralization of ATZ. By employing electron spin resonance detection, quenching and probe tests, and 18O isotope-tracing experiments, the significance of high-valent Mn-oxo species (Mn(V)) in the Mn(II)-EDDS/PAA system was revealed. In particular, the involvement of the Mn(III) species was essential for the formation of Mn(V). Mn(III) species, along with singlet oxygen (1O2) and acetyl(per)oxyl radicals (CH3C(O)O•/CH3C(O)OO•), also contributed partially to ATZ degradation. Mass spectrometry and density functional theory methods were used to study the transformation pathway and mechanism of ATZ. The toxicity assessment of the oxidative products indicated that the toxicity of ATZ decreased after the degradation reaction. Moreover, the system exhibited excellent interference resistance toward various anions and humid acid (HA), and it could selectively degrade multiple MPs.

Deep learning for colorectal cancer detection in contrast-enhanced CT without bowel preparation: a retrospective, multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: Contrast-enhanced CT scans provide a means to detect unsuspected colorectal cancer. However, colorectal cancers in contrast-enhanced CT without bowel preparation may elude detection by radiologists. We aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) model for accurate detection of colorectal cancer, and evaluate whether it could improve the detection performance of radiologists. METHODS: We developed a DL model using a manually annotated dataset (1196 cancer vs 1034 normal). The DL model was tested using an internal test set (98 vs 115), two external test sets (202 vs 265 in 1, and 252 vs 481 in 2), and a real-world test set (53 vs 1524). We compared the detection performance of the DL model with radiologists, and evaluated its capacity to enhance radiologists' detection performance. FINDINGS: In the four test sets, the DL model had the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) ranging between 0.957 and 0.994. In both the internal test set and external test set 1, the DL model yielded higher accuracy than that of radiologists (97.2% vs 86.0%, p < 0.0001; 94.9% vs 85.3%, p < 0.0001), and significantly improved the accuracy of radiologists (93.4% vs 86.0%, p < 0.0001; 93.6% vs 85.3%, p < 0.0001). In the real-world test set, the DL model delivered sensitivity comparable to that of radiologists who had been informed about clinical indications for most cancer cases (94.3% vs 96.2%, p > 0.99), and it detected 2 cases that had been missed by radiologists. INTERPRETATION: The developed DL model can accurately detect colorectal cancer and improve radiologists' detection performance, showing its potential as an effective computer-aided detection tool. FUNDING: This study was supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 81925023); Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U22A20345); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82072090 and No. 82371954); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application (No. 2022B1212010011); High-level Hospital Construction Project (No. DFJHBF202105).

A Novel Ubiquitin Ligase Adaptor PTPRN Suppresses Seizure Susceptibility through Endocytosis of NaV1.2 Sodium Channels.

Intrinsic plasticity, a fundamental process enabling neurons to modify their intrinsic properties, plays a crucial role in shaping neuronal input-output function and is implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite its importance, the underlying molecular mechanisms of intrinsic plasticity remain poorly understood. In this study, a new ubiquitin ligase adaptor, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N (PTPRN), is identified as a regulator of intrinsic neuronal excitability in the context of temporal lobe epilepsy. PTPRN recruits the NEDD4 Like E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (NEDD4L) to NaV1.2 sodium channels, facilitating NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination, and endocytosis of NaV1.2. Knockout of PTPRN in hippocampal granule cells leads to augmented NaV1.2-mediated sodium currents and higher intrinsic excitability, resulting in increased seizure susceptibility in transgenic mice. Conversely, adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of PTPRN in the dentate gyrus region decreases intrinsic excitability and reduces seizure susceptibility. Moreover, the present findings indicate that PTPRN exerts a selective modulation effect on voltage-gated sodium channels. Collectively, PTPRN plays a significant role in regulating intrinsic excitability and seizure susceptibility, suggesting a potential strategy for precise modulation of NaV1.2 channels' function.

Self-Powered Sensors Made with Fabric-Based Electrodes and a Conductive Coating.

Amidst the growing challenge of meeting global energy demands with conventional sources, self-powered devices offer promising solution. Flexible and stretchable electronics are pivotal in wearable technology, enhancing the scope and functionality of these devices. This study employs potassium sodium niobite-lithium antimonate (K0.5Na0.5NbO3-LiSbO3) nanoparticles as fillers in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to fabricate piezoelectric thin films. These films are integrated with fabric-based electrodes to develop high-performance, flexible self-powered sensors. The sensor comprises a fabric-based electrode with polypyrrole (PPy) coated on plain nylon fabric, a 0.93KNN-0.07LS/PVDF composite piezoelectric thin film, and a protective PET layer. Results demonstrate that the 0.93KNN-0.07LS/PVDF-PPy/nylon composite sensors exhibit a stable piezoelectric output. Under 6 Hz and 10 N excitation, the piezoelectric output reaches approximately 6.1 V upon pressing. Additionally, the device shows good linear sensitivity in the 2-20 N pressure range and produces clear, regular output waveforms under cyclic pressures of varying frequencies and amplitudes, indicating excellent response repeatability. Even after extensive bending, twisting, and 5000 pressing cycles, the sensors maintain considerable cyclic stability, demonstrating high durability. These tests collectively indicate that the developed sensors possess high sensitivity, flexibility, durability, stability, and significant self-powered potential. This research provides a reference for the next generation of textile-based electrodes and offers potential strategies for flexible, wearable applications.

Genome-wide detections for runs of homozygosity and selective signatures reveal novel candidate genes under domestication in chickens.

BACKGROUND: Indigenous chickens were developed through a combination of natural and artificial selection; essentially, changes in genomes led to the formation of these modern breeds via admixture events. However, their confusing genetic backgrounds include a genomic footprint regulating complex traits, which is not conducive to modern animal breeding. RESULTS: To better evaluate the candidate regions under domestication in indigenous chickens, we considered both runs of homozygosity (ROHs) and selective signatures in 13 indigenous chickens. The genomes of Silkie feather chickens presented the highest heterozygosity, whereas the highest inbreeding status and ROH number were found in Luhua chickens. Short ROH (< 1 Mb), were the principal type in all chickens. A total of 291 ROH islands were detected, and QTLdb mapping results indicated that body weight and carcass traits were the most important traits. An ROH on chromosome 2 covering VSTM2A gene was detected in 12 populations. Combined analysis with the Tajima's D index revealed that 18 genes (e.g., VSTM2A, BBOX1, and RYR2) were under selection and covered by ROH islands. Transcriptional analysis results showed that RYR2 and BBOX1 were specifically expressed in the heart and muscle tissue, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on genome-wide scanning for ROH and selective signatures, we evaluated the genomic characteristics and detected significant candidate genes covered by ROH islands and selective signatures. The findings in this study facilitated the understanding of genetic diversity and provided valuable insights for chicken breeding and conservation strategies.

Correction: Tumor Immunotherapy-Related Information on Internet-Based Videos Commonly Used by the Chinese Population: Content Quality Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/50561.].

High-fidelity imaging of a tumour-associated lysosomal enzyme with an acceptor engineering-boosted near-infrared fluorescent probe.

To facilitate the understanding of the dynamic distribution and activity of lysosomal enzymes, it is highly desirable to develop high-fidelity near-infrared (NIR) activatable fluorescent probes. Here, we propose a general acceptor engineering strategy to construct NIR probes with lysosome-targeting capability. Upon isosteric replacement and additional functionalization, the ß-gal-activatable probe OELyso-Gal exhibited excellent lysosome-targeting capability and favorable responsive performance to the enzyme of interest. Notably, the steric hindrance effect from acceptor engineering is modest, which renders the probe unprecedented affinity to enzymes. Upon the introduction of acceptor engineering, the lysosome-targeting probe became more sensitive to ß-gal in cells and tissues, boosting the discrimination of high ß-gal-expressing ovarian cancer tumours from low ß-gal-expressing tissues. Furthermore, the superiority of OELyso-Gal was validated in real-time visualization of ovarian cancer in tumour-bearing mice. This elegant acceptor engineering strategy provides inspirational insights into the development of customized fluorescent probes for monitoring disease-associated biomarkers within subcellular organelles.

Efficacy and Safety of High-Viscosity Bone Cement in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Kummell's Disease.

Background: To analyze and evaluate the clinical outcomes of using high-viscosity bone cement compared to low-viscosity bone cement in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for treatment of Kummell's disease. Methods: From July 2017 to July 2019, 68 Kummell's disease patients who underwent PVP were chosen and separated into 2 groups: H group (n = 34), were treated with high-viscosity bone cement and L group (n = 34), treated with low-viscosity bone cement during treatment. The operation time, number of fluoroscopy tests done, and amount of bone cement perfusion were recorded for both groups. Clinical outcomes were compared, by measuring their Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Kyphosis Cobb's angle, vertebral height compression rate, and other complications. Results: High-viscosity group showed less operation time and reduced number of fluoroscopy tests than the low-viscosity group (P < 0.05). When compared to preoperative period, both groups' VAS and ODI scores were significantly reduced at 1 day and 1 year postoperatively (P < 0.05). The vertebral height compression rate and Cobb's angle were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in both groups after surgery compared with those before surgery (P < 0.05). The cement leakage rate in group H was 26.5%, which was significantly lower than that in group L, which was 61.8% (P < 0.05). Conclusions: High-viscosity and low-viscosity bone cement in PVP have similar clinical efficacy in reducing pain in patients during the treatment, but in contrast, high-viscosity bone cement shortens the operative time, reduces number of fluoroscopy views and vertebral cement leakage and improves surgical safety.