Safety and immunogenicity of freeze-dried rabies vaccine (Vero-cells) for human use in healthy people aged 9-65 years / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To assess the safety and immunogenicity of freeze-dried rabies vaccine (Vero-cells) for human use on different immunization procedures in healthy people aged 9-65 years. Methods: A randomized, blind, positive-controlled clinical study was conducted in March 2015. The eligible residents aged 9-65 were recruited in Dengfeng city and Biyang County, Henan Province. A total of 1 956 subjects were enrolled. The subjects were randomly (1∶1∶1) assigned to 5-dose control group, 4-dose trial group and 5-dose trial group, with 652 subjects in each group. The subjects of 5-dose control group were immunized with control vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28. The subjects of 4-dose trial group were immunized with trial vaccine on days 0, 7 and 21 (2-1-1 phases) and the subjects of 5-dose trial group were immunized with trial vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28. A combination of regular follow-up and active reporting was used to observe local and systemic adverse reactions till 30 days after the first and full immunization, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions in three groups was analyzed and compared. The venous blood was collected before the first immunization, 7 days after the first immunization, 14 days after the first immunization and 14 days after the full immunization. The neutralizing antibody of rabies virus was detected by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), and the seropositive conversion rate and geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibody were calculated. Results: The adverse reaction rates in 5-dose control group, 4-dose trial group and 5-dose trial group were 41.87% (273/652), 35.43% (231/652) and 34.97% (228/652), respectively. The adverse reaction rates of 4-dose trial group and 5-dose trial group were lower than those of the 5-dose control group (P<0.05). The local reactions were mainly pain, itching, swelling and redness in injection site, while the systemic reactions were mainly fever, fatigue, headache and muscle pain. The severity of adverse reactions was mainly mild (level 1), accounting for 85.33% (518/607), 89.02% (373/419) and 88.96% (427/480) of the total number of adverse reactions in each group. At 14 days after the first immunization and 14 days after the full immunization, the antibody positive conversion rates of three groups were all 100%. At 7 days, 14 days after the first immunization and 14 days after the full immunization, the GMCs of three groups were 0.60, 0.72, 0.59 IU/ml, 20.42, 23.99, 24.38 IU/ml and 22.95, 23.52, 24.72 IU/ml, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The freeze-dried rabies vaccine (Vero-cells) for human use has good safety and immunogenicity when inoculated according to 5-dose and 4-dose immunization procedures.

Constructions and advances of animal models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection / 中华预防医学杂志

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium with complex pathogenesis and drug resistance mechanisms. It has high morbidity and mortality and can cause acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals, with lung infections, wound infections, and bloodstream infections being the most common. The animal infection model of P. aeruginosa is of great value for in-depth research on the pathogenicity, drug resistance, and therapeutic measures of P. aeruginosa by simulating the pathways of human bacterial infections. This article firstly summarizes the selection, anesthesia, and disposal of experimental animals in the construction of animal models of P. aeruginosa infection, and then reviews the methods of construction, model evaluation, and applications of animal models of P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, wound infection, and bloodstream infection, in order to provide a reference for scientific research related to P. aeruginosa infectious diseases.

Molecular epidemiological characterization of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a hospital in Henan Province from 2020 to 2022 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: The study investigated the clinical distribution, antimicrobial resistance and epidemiologic characteristics of hypervirulent Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (hv-CRKP) in a hospital in Henan Province to provide a scientific basis for antibiotic use and nosocomial infection prevention and control. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data from the cases was carried out in this study. Clinical data of patients infected with the CRKP strain isolated from the clinical microbiology laboratory of Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. A string test, virulence gene screening, serum killing, and a G. mellonella infection model were used to screen hv-CRKP isolates. The clinical characteristics of hv-CRKP and the drug resistance rate of hv-CRKP to twenty-five antibiotics were analyzed using WHONET 5.6. Carbapenemase phenotypic characterization of the hv-CRKP was performed by colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay, and Carbapenemase genotyping, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and capsular serotyping of hv-CRKP isolates were performed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Results: A total of non-duplicate 264 CRKP clinical isolates were detected in the hospital from 2020 to 2022, and 23 hv-CRKP isolates were detected, so the corresponding detection rate of hv-CRKP was 8.71% (23/264). The hv-CRKP isolates in this study were mainly from the intensive care unit (10/23) and neurosurgery department (8/23), and the main sources of hv-CRKP isolates were sputum (10/23) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (6/23). The hv-CRKP isolates in this study were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, and were only susceptible to colistin, tigecycline and ceftazidime/avibactam. The detection rate of the blaKPC-2 among 23 hv-CRKP isolates was 91.30% (21/23) and none of the class B and class D carbapenemases were detected. Results of MLST and capsular serotypes showed that ST11 type hv-CRKP was the dominant strain in the hospital, accounting for 56.52% (13/23), and K64 (9/13) and KL47 (4/13) were the major capsular serotypes. Conclusion: The hv-CRKP isolates from the hospital are mainly from lower respiratory tract specimens from patients admitted to the intensive care department and the drug resistance is relatively severe. The predominant strains with certain polymorphisms are mainly composed of the KPC-2-producing ST11-K64 and ST11-KL47 hv-CRKP isolates in the hospital.

Molecular epidemiological characterization of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a hospital in Henan Province from 2020 to 2022 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: The study investigated the clinical distribution, antimicrobial resistance and epidemiologic characteristics of hypervirulent Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (hv-CRKP) in a hospital in Henan Province to provide a scientific basis for antibiotic use and nosocomial infection prevention and control. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data from the cases was carried out in this study. Clinical data of patients infected with the CRKP strain isolated from the clinical microbiology laboratory of Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. A string test, virulence gene screening, serum killing, and a G. mellonella infection model were used to screen hv-CRKP isolates. The clinical characteristics of hv-CRKP and the drug resistance rate of hv-CRKP to twenty-five antibiotics were analyzed using WHONET 5.6. Carbapenemase phenotypic characterization of the hv-CRKP was performed by colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay, and Carbapenemase genotyping, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and capsular serotyping of hv-CRKP isolates were performed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Results: A total of non-duplicate 264 CRKP clinical isolates were detected in the hospital from 2020 to 2022, and 23 hv-CRKP isolates were detected, so the corresponding detection rate of hv-CRKP was 8.71% (23/264). The hv-CRKP isolates in this study were mainly from the intensive care unit (10/23) and neurosurgery department (8/23), and the main sources of hv-CRKP isolates were sputum (10/23) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (6/23). The hv-CRKP isolates in this study were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, and were only susceptible to colistin, tigecycline and ceftazidime/avibactam. The detection rate of the blaKPC-2 among 23 hv-CRKP isolates was 91.30% (21/23) and none of the class B and class D carbapenemases were detected. Results of MLST and capsular serotypes showed that ST11 type hv-CRKP was the dominant strain in the hospital, accounting for 56.52% (13/23), and K64 (9/13) and KL47 (4/13) were the major capsular serotypes. Conclusion: The hv-CRKP isolates from the hospital are mainly from lower respiratory tract specimens from patients admitted to the intensive care department and the drug resistance is relatively severe. The predominant strains with certain polymorphisms are mainly composed of the KPC-2-producing ST11-K64 and ST11-KL47 hv-CRKP isolates in the hospital.

PPARγ2 functions as a tumor suppressor in a translational mouse model of human prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator that controls energy metabolism and cell fate. PPARγ2, a PPARγ isoform, is highly expressed in the normal prostate but expressed at lower levels in prostate cancer tissues. In the present study, PC3 and LNCaP cells were used to examine the benefits of restoring PPARγ2 activity. PPARγ2 was overexpressed in PC3 and LNCaP cells, and cell proliferation and migration were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect pathological changes. The genes regulated by PPARγ2 overexpression were detected by microarray analysis. The restoration of PPARγ2 in PC3 and LNCaP cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration. PC3-PPARγ2 tissue recombinants showed necrosis in cancerous regions and leukocyte infiltration in the surrounding stroma by H&E staining. We found higher mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) and lower microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) expression in cancer tissues compared to controls by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Microarray analysis showed that PPARγ2 gain of function in PC3 cells resulted in the reprogramming of lipid- and energy metabolism-associated signaling pathways. These data indicate that PPARγ2 exerts a crucial tumor-suppressive effect by triggering necrosis and an inflammatory reaction in human prostate cancer.

Research progress on multifocal intraocular lens implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Cataract is one of the most common causes of vision loss and even blindness in patients, and surgery is a proven and effective treatment option. Traditional cataract surgery for vision loss has increasingly given way to refractive cataract surgery as science and technology have progressed. There are also a variety of refractive intraocular lenses on the market place. Patients are increasingly accepting and recognizing multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)as an alternative to traditional single focus intraocular lens(SIOL). Through classification and listing, the existing MIOL are discussed in this article, as well as the features of different types of MIOL and techniques for evaluating the clinical impacts of patients after surgery, so as to provide references for ophthalmologists.

Drugs affecting renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the cancer risk: A meta-analysis of nested case-control studies.

Multiple studies have discussed the associations between drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the cancer risk, but their consequence s were conflicting. A meta-analysis of nested case-control studies published regarding this subject was conducted in our study, aims to estimate the association between ACEI/ARB and the cancer risk. Pubmed database was searched up to February, 1 2016 to identify eligible nested case-control studies, and we used Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to assess quality of the studies. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated (with fixed effect model: Mantel-Haenszel). Publication bias and heterogeneity were evaluated before the calculation. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Seven studies contributed to the analysis. Overall, ACEI/ARB use was not associated with the risk of cancer (OR=0.99, 95% CI 0.97-1.01), nor in long-term use patients (OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.92-1.01). ACEI may decrease cancer risk (OR=0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.99). We observed no significant publication bias. In conclusion, ACEI/ARB use was not associated with cancer risk, nor in long-term use patients, but ACEI use may decrease cancer risk. More researches are needed to confirm these findings.

Application of the Virtual Reality-Pattern Visual Evoked Potential in Forensic Visual Acuity Evaluation / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore a kind of visual evoked potential test equipment and method that is more suitable for the application of forensic clinical visual acuity evaluation. Methods Thirty-four volunteers （68 eyes） were selected, including 15 males and 19 females, aged between 20 and 40 years. Test lenses were placed before the tested eyes of volunteers to induce refractive myopia with insert method, and the diopter lenses were adjusted so that the visual acuity level of one eye of volunteers was above 0.8, and the visual acuity of the other eye was at moderate damage level （<0.3 and ≥0.1）. The tests were carried out under the binocular simultaneous asynchronous stimulation mode （hereinafter referred to as "binocular mode"） and monocular separate stimulation mode （hereinafter referred to as "monocular mode"） of virtual reality-pattern visual evoked potential （VR-PVEP）, and the amplitude of PVEP of volunteers under the two modes was compared at four spatial frequencies of 8×8, 16×16, 24×24 and 32×32. Results The differences in the amplitude of P100 wave between monocular and binocular modes at 8×8 spatial frequency had no statistical significance and the differences in amplitude of P100 wave between monocular and binocular modes at 16×16, 24×24, and 32×32 spatial frequencies had statistical significance （P<0.05）. The amplitude of the same eye in monocular mode was higher than that in binocular mode. Through correlation analysis, it was found that the amplitude of P100 wave in monocular mode was moderately correlated with amplitude of P100 wave in binocular mode. Conclusion In forensic identification practice, VR-PVEP is helpful for overcoming the disturbance of poor fixation, and to increase the reliability of PVEP evaluation results. It can greatly shorten the detection time of PVEP and improve work efficiency.

Therapeutic effect of a new posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation for high myopia with low astigmatism / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To observe the efficacy and safety of a new posterior chamber intraocular lens ( ICMO V4c ) implantation in patients with high myopia and low astigmatism and to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of these patients. ·METHODS: The study was to analyze the clinical data of patients with high myopia who underwent ICMO V4c implantation with low degree of astigmatism in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. The patients were followed up for 1, 3 and 6mo after operation. The items we analyzed including preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA), diopter, spherical and cylinder equivalent, and manifest refraction spherical equivalent ( MRSE ), intraocular pressure ( IOP ), endothelial cell counting, anterior chamber depth (ACD), arch height and postoperative complications. ·RESULTS: Postoperative UCVA and BCVA improved compared with preoperative, and the difference between preoperative and postoperative was statistically significant (P<0. 05). All spherical and cylinder equivalent, and MRSE were reduced after surgery ( t = 38. 510, 20. 100, 34. 300; P<0. 01). The mean intraocular pressure increased at 1 and 3mo after operation ( t= 3. 998, 2. 837, all P<0. 05), but it returned to normal at 6mo ( t=0. 383, P>0. 05). The corneal endothelium counts in the patients at 3mo and 6mo after surgery were lower than those before surgery (t= 2. 119, 2. 411; all P<0. 05). The depth of anterior chamber was reduced to a certain extent within 6mo after operation, and recovered after surgery at 6mo after surgery, but it was still lower than the preoperative level (t=5. 850, 5. 260, 2. 556; all P<0. 05). The overall level of ocular arch after operation was stable and no significant fluctuations were observed. The incidence of postoperative complications in the surgical eye was low and significantly improved after active treatment. ·CONCLUSION: The new posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in the treatment of high myopia with low astigmatism reaches satisfaction with less complications, is a good supplement to corneal refractive surgery.

A novel modified scleral tunnel prevents tube exposure in Ahmed valve implantation / 眼科新进展

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of modified scleral tunnel for the prevention of Ahmed valve tube exposure in Ahmed valve implantation for refractory glaucoma.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 72 patients with Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for refractory glaucoma.All the patients were divided into unmodified and modified scleral tunnel group.In the unmodified scleral tunnel group,38 patients (38 eyes) underwent traditional scleral tunnel in Ahmed valve implantation,while in the modified scleral tunnel group,34 patients (34 eyes) received modified scleral tunnel in the procedures.The changes in intraocular pressure and visual acuity after operation were observed,and the incidence of drainage tube exposure and other complications were compared between the two methods after Ahmed valve implantation.The patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months with an average of 18 months.Results The intraocular pressure was (16.30 ±5.73) mmHg (1kPa =7.5 mmHg) in the unmodified scleral tunnel group and (15.80 ± 6.12)mmHg in the modified scleral tunnel group,with no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05),but there was significant difference with the preoperative data (48.4 ± 5.79) mmHg (P ＜ 0.01).During the follow-up,conjunctival tube exposure was seen in 3 eyes (7.9％) in the unmodified scleral tunnel group,whereas there was no tube exposure in the modified scleral tunnel group.Conclusion The modified scleral tunnel is capable to prevent conjunctival tube exposure in patients with refractory glaucoma,which is more efficient and safe than traditional scleral tunnel in Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.

Protective effect of HSF1 on mice with LPS-induced acute lung injury and screening of relevant differentially-expressed genes / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the protective effect of heat shock factor1(HSF1) on the mice with lipopolysaccha-ride (LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI),and to screen the relevant differentially-expressed genes. METHODS:ALI mouse model was established by LPS intracheal instillation. The macroscopic and pathological changes of the lung tissue were observed,and the concentrations of total protein,TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6 and VEGF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed. Differentially-expressed genes in the lung tissues of HSF1 +/ +mice and HSF1 -/- mice with ALI induced by LPS were screened by gene chips. The key gene was verified by real-time qPCR. RESULTS:The macroscopic and pathological changes of the lung injury in HSF1 -/- +LPS mice were more serious than those in HSF1 +/ ++LPS mice.The concentrations of total protein,VEGF,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the BALF of HSF1 -/- +LPS mice were significantly higher than those of HSF1 +/ ++LPS mice(P<0.05). Compared with the HSF1 +/ +mice,a total of 918 differentially-ex-pressed genes were indentified in the HSF1 -/- mice, among which the expression levels of 65 genes had obvious diffe-rence,with 28 genes up-regulated,including Atg7,ccr1,cxcr2,Tbl1xr1,Mmp9,Pparg,Plcb2,Arrb2,Cntn1,Col4a6, etc, and 37 genes down-regulated,including Fgfr1,Fgfr2,Map4k4,Ddx58,Tfg,Stat3,Smad4,Lamc1,Sdc3,etc. The results of real-time qPCR showed that the mRNA level of CXCR2 in HSF1 -/- + LPS mice was significantly higher than that in HSF1 +/ ++ LPS mice,which was consistent with the results of gene chips. CONCLUSION:HSF1 has protective effect on the mice with LPS-induced ALI. CXCR2 may be involved in the protective effect of HSF1 on this process.

Protective effects and the mechanisms of donepezil and galantamine on neuronal injury induced by glucose deprivation/reoxygenation / 药学学报

Studies have shown that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors donepezil and galantamine have effects of reducing neuronal damage caused by glucose deprivation and reducing the cerebral infarction volume of cerebral ischemic animals, but their effects may not be entirely dependent on its inhibition of cholinesterase activity. In order to study the effects of donepezil and galantamine on neuronal injury of cerebral ischemia, the rat neuron-astrocyte co-culture model was successfully established in this study. In this model, we studied the effects of donepezil and galantamine on neuron apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and investigated the mechanism. The results showed that donepezil and galantamine significantly reduced the neuron apoptosis, and promoted the synthesis and secretion of BDNF and NGF in astrocytes in the co-culture system. Donepezil and galantamine activated the PI3K/Akt pathway and ERK pathway, and promoted the phosphorylation of the nuclear transcription factor CREB. These results suggest that donepezil and galantamine exhibit protective effects on neuronal damage induced by OGD/R. The mechanism may be related to activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and ERK pathway in astrocytes and promote phosphorylation of CREB, which lead to the synthesis and secretion of BDNF and NGF from astrocytes.

[Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Longhua region, Hebei Province].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Longhua region, Hebei Province. METHODS: A total of 393 women with adverse pregnancy outcomes were chosen as respondents in the Longhua County Maternal and Child Health Care Center between January 2013 and June 2016 and were divided into an acute infection group, a previous infection group, and an active infection group according to the test results. Totally 256 women without adverse pregnancy outcomes were selected as a control group. IgM and IgG antibodies to T. gondii were detected by using ELISA in each group. The risk factors of T. gondii infection were surveyed by questionnaires. RESULTS: The T. gondii infection rate of the women with adverse pregnancy outcomes was 27.23% (107/393), which was significantly higher than 8.20% (21/ 256) in the control group (χ2 = 35.46, P＜0.01). The rates of acute infection, previous infection, active infection in the women with adverse pregnancy outcomes were 6.87% (27/393), 18.58% (73/393), and 2.54% (10/393) respectively, which was significantly higher than thoseï¼»1.17% (3/256), 7.03% (18/256), 0 (0/256) ï¼½in the control group (χ2 = 11.43, 17.15, 7.90 respectively, P＜0.01). The ratios of the career in contact with raw meat, feeding pets (dog and cat), tasting raw meat, chopping board regardless of uncooked or cooked food, frequently eating rinsing boiler or barbecue, frequently eating outside of the women with T. gondii infection were significantly higher than those of the women without T. gondii infection (χ2 ＝12.08, 29.23, 8.55, 13.41, 7.28, 6.06 respectively, P < 0.01 or 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: T. gondii infection could lead to serious adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, to avoid contacting with pets, not eating undercooked food, and strengthening personal health protection are the important keys to avoid T. gondii infection.

Fetal Hemodynamics and Fetal Growth Indices by Ultrasound in Late Pregnancy and Birth Weight in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are prone to macrosomia. However, birth weight is difficult to be correctly estimated by ultrasound because of fetal asymmetric growth characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between fetal hemodynamics, fetal growth indices in late pregnancy, and birth weight in GDM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 147 women with GDM and 124 normal controls (NC) were enrolled in this study. Fetal hemodynamic indices, including the systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D), resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) of umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and renal artery (RA), were collected. Fetal growth indices, including biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length, were also measured by ultrasound. Birth weight, newborn gender, and maternal clinical data were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The independent samples t-test showed that BPD, HC, and AC were larger in GDM than in NC (P < 0.05). Fetal hemodynamic indices of the UA and MCA were lower (P < 0.05), but those of the RA were higher (P < 0.001) in GDM than in NC. Birth weight was higher in GDM than in NC (P < 0.001). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that hemodynamic indices of the UA were negatively correlated with birth weight, BPD, HC, and AC in both groups (P < 0.05). MCA (S/D, PI, and RI) was negatively correlated with birth weight, HC, and AC in GDM (r = -0.164, -0.206, -0.200, -0.226, -0.189, -0.179, -0.196, -0.177, and - 0.172, respectively, P< 0.05), but there were no correlations in NC (P > 0.05). RA (S/D, PI, and RI) was positively correlated with birth weight in GDM (r = 0.168, 0.207, and 0.184, respectively, P< 0.05), but there were no correlations in NC (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fetal hemodynamic indices in late pregnancy might be helpful for estimating newborn birth weight in women with GDM.</p>

Correlation between contrast vision and sweep visual evoked potential acuity / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the correlation between contrast vision (LV) and sweep visual evoked potential acuity (SVEP-A) among people with emmetropia, mild myopia, and moderate myopia.@*METHODS@#The CV and SVEP-A were tested individually in 96 eyes from healthy young volunteers, including 37 eyes of emmetropia, 27 eyes of mild myopia, and 32 eyes of moderate myopia. The statistic analysis was done by ANOVA analysis and rank sum test.@*RESULTS@#(1) With the decrease of contrast, CV and SVEP-A decreased in every group. (2) At 100% contrast, the difference of CV between emmetropia and mild myopia had statistical significance (P<0.05). At 100%, 25% and 10% contrast, the difference of CV between emmetropia and moderate myopia had statistical significance (P<0.05). (3) In the same group, the difference of 100% and 25% contrast had statistical significance (P < 0.05). So was between 100% and 10% contrast. (4) At 100% and 10% contrast, the difference of CV and SVEP-A had statistical significance (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The CV of myopia relates to many factors including ametropia and fundus lesions. The correction of ametropia is important to the values of CV and SVEP-A.

Forensic Application of Microperimetry and Visual Evoked Potential in Macular Disease / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIV@#e To find the correlation between real best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and testing results of microperimetry and visual evoked potential (VEP) and to explore a new method in recording BCVA in macular disease.@*METHODS@#Sixty-two patients with macular disease (macular disease group, 62 eyes) and eighteen healthy volunteers (control group, 36 eyes) had BCVA, microperimetry and VEP recorded.@*RESULTS@#(1) By microperimetry, the values of retinal mean sensitivity and fixation percentage in macular disease group were lower than that in control group. The bicurve ellipse area in macular disease group was higher than that in control group. By VEP, P100 amplitude under 0.5 cpd and 2 cpd in macular disease group were significantly higher than that in control group and the latency was prolonged (P < 0.05). (2) In macular disease group, BCVA had significant positive correlation with retinal mean sensitivity, bicurve ellipse area, macular central 2 degrees and 4 degrees fixation percentage, respectively (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between retinal mean sensitivity and P100 amplitude (P < 0.05). (3) Multiple linear regression equation was y = 0.053 x1+0.008 x3+3.897 (y was BCVA, while x1 was retinal mean sensitivity and x3 was P100 amplitude under 2 cpd).@*CONCLUSION@#Combined use of microperimetry and VEP is useful in the assessment of BCVA in macular disease.

Distribution of Formic Acid after Methanol Intoxication in Rats / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate concentration and distribution in blood and tissues of formic acid after methanol intoxication in rats.@*METHODS@#The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups for control group and 3-day and 7-day intoxication treatment groups. The experimental groups were administered methanol by gavage with the initial dose of 8 mL/kg and followed with 4 mL/kg supplemental dose 24 h later. After 3 days and 7 days later, rats were killed by decapitation. Then samples of cardiac blood, liver, kidney, brain, heart and stomach of each group were collected. Formic acid concentrations were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.@*RESULTS@#Formic acid concentrations in tissues were higher than in blood. Compared with 3-day intoxication group, there was an increase formic acid of concentration in brain and stomach in 7-day intoxication group, while a decrease in liver and kidney (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#High performance liquid chromatography could be used to accurately detect formic acid. As the metabolite of methanol, formic acid accumulates in rat blood and tissues after intoxication and the concentrations in organs and tissues are obviously higher than in blood.

Changes of oscillatory potentials of electroretinogram after methanol intoxication in rats / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the characters of oscillatory potentials (OPs) of electroretinogram (ERG) after methanol intoxication in rats.@*METHOD@#The SD rat models of methanol intoxication were established and divided into control group, 3-day intoxication group, 7-day intoxication group. The changes of OPs of ERG were recorded in a dark room.@*RESULTS@#The total amplitudes of 3-day and 7-day intoxication groups decreased approximately 50% compared with that of the control group, while the schedule delayed approximately 16% and 61%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The characters of methanol intoxication in rats included delay in schedule and decline in the total amplitude of OPs.

Comparison of anterior chamber angle examination by UBM, SL-OCT and gonioscopy / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the agreement of anterior chamber angle examination by ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM), slit lamp optical coherence tomography (SL-OCT), and gonioscopy in angle recession and angle closure.@*METHODS@#The anterior chamber angle was measured with UBM, SL-OCT and gonioscopy in turns for temporal, nasal, superior and inferior quadrant in the same dark room. The results were compared with the agreement of the three methods in angle recession and angle closure by χ2 test and Kappa test.@*RESULTS@#There were no statistically significant differences of the three methods in testing angle closure and angle recession (P>0.05). The consistency of UBM and gonioscopy was better (Kappa value of 0.882) than that of SL-OCT and gonioscopy (Kappa value of 0.624).@*CONCLUSION@#When testing angle recession, UBM is better than SL-OCT with gonioscopy as the standard. When testing angle closure, UBM, SL-OCT and gonioscopy have good agreement.

Expression and mechanism of alphaB-crystallin in retina and extraocular tissues and organs / 法医学杂志

alphaB-crystallin is the structural protein of vertebrate lens, which is widely expressed in non-lens tissue. As one of the heat shock protein family members, alphaB-crystallin possesses biological properties of molecular chaperones and anti-apoptotic effects. Multi-factor injuries, such as retinopathy, inflammation and nervous system diseases, have a closely relationship with alphaB-crystallin. This paper reviews the research progress of the expression and mechanism of alphaB-crystallin in retina and extraocular tissues and organs.