ROR2 promotes invasion and chemoresistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: ROR2 expression in primary TNBC and metastatic TNBC tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and PCR. ROR2 expression in TNBC cell lines was detected by PCR and Western blot analysis. The migration, invasion and chemosensitivity of TNBC cells with overexpression or knockdown of ROR2 were examined. Results: ROR2 expression was high in metastatic TNBC tissues. ROR2 knockdown suppressed the migration, invasion and chemoresistance of TNBC cells. ROR2 overexpression in MDA-MB-435 cells promoted the migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. Moreover, ROR2 knockdown in HC1599 and MDA-MB-435 adriamycin-resistant cells enhanced chemosensitivity to adriamycin. ROR2 could activate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in TNBC cells. Conclusion: ROR2 is upregulated and promotes metastatic phenotypes of TNBC by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.

Supramolecular Nano-Tracker for Real-Time Tracking of Drug Release and Efficient Combination Therapy.

Real-time tracking of drug release from nanomedicine in vivo is crucial for optimizing its therapeutic efficacy in clinical settings, particularly in dosage control and determining the optimal therapeutic window. However, most current real-time tracking systems require a tedious synthesis and purification process. Herein, a supramolecular nano-tracker (SNT) capable of real-time tracking of drug release in vivo based on non-covalent host-guest interactions is presented. By integrating multiple cavities into a single nanoparticle, SNT achieves co-loading of drugs and probes while efficiently quenching the photophysical properties of the probe through host-guest complexation. Moreover, SNT is readily degraded under hypoxic tumor tissues, leading to the simultaneous release of drugs and probes and the fluorescence recovery of probes. With this spatial and temporal consistency in drug loading and fluorescence quenching, as well as drug release and fluorescence recovery, SNT successfully achieves real-time tracking of drug release in vivo (Pearson r = 0.9166, R2 = 0.8247). Furthermore, the released drugs can synergize effectively with fluorescent probes upon light irradiation, achieving potent chemo-photodynamic combination therapy in 4T1-bearing mice with a significantly improved survival rate (33%), providing a potential platform to significantly advance the development of nanomedicine and achieve optimal therapeutic effects in the clinic.

Toward a comprehensive solution for treating solid tumors using T-cell receptor therapy: A review.

T-cell receptor therapy (TCR-T) has demonstrated efficacy, durability, and safety advantages in certain solid tumors (such as human papillomavirus-related tumors, synovial sarcoma, and melanoma). This study aimed to provide careful considerations for developing TCR-T for solid tumors. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the current clinical application, advantage of TCR-T modalities and explored efficacy/safety-related parameters, particularly avidity, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and indications, for solid tumors. Furthermore, we have investigated critical factors related to avidity, including antigen selection, T-cell receptor acquisition, optimization, and co-receptor engagement. Moreover, we have re-examined the expression of tumor antigens for a potentially higher coverage rate of solid tumors based on the current RNA-seq datasets. Finally, we have discussed the current limitations and future directions of TCR-Ts.

Interactive roles of co-solvents and lemon-oil composition in the fabrication of dilutable clear emulsions.

Clear emulsions are used as flavor carriers by the beverage industry because of their favorable optical properties. A transparent microemulsion with small droplets requires a high concentration of surfactants, and is often non-dilutable, posing a significant challenge to their application in the food industry. The formation of dilutable microemulsions by modulating the compatibility of oil composition and co-solvents was studied. While single-fold lemon oil exhibited poor loading capacity overall, no precipitation occurred due to the stronger interaction between monoterpenes and sucrose monopalmitate (SMP). Conversely, emulsification of five-fold lemon oil with 20 % ethanol demonstrated a higher loading capacity and a stronger dilution stability than other lemon oils. This is likely due to the balanced composition of surface-active monoterpenes and other components in five-fold lemon oil which facilitated the effective use of micellar space and aided in the retention of both surfactants and co-solvents post-dilution. The emulsification of higher-folded lemon oil, however, was favored by the use of propylene glycol as a surfactant exhibiting stronger dilution stability than ethanol, though it required twice as much co-solvent. The high concentration of surface-active monoterpene in the lower-folded lemon oils competes with propylene glycol for interfacial incorporation. This study demonstrated that co-solvents and oil composition play interactive roles in producing dilutable optically clear emulsions, and it provides a blueprint for the food industry to design colloidal systems using a minimum of surfactants.

Relationship between childhood trauma and non-suicidal self-injury in high school students: the mediating role of the stress perception and the moderating role of teacher-student relationship.

This study delves into the correlation between childhood trauma and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors among high school students. Additionally, it examines the mediating role of stress perception and the moderating role of the teacher-student relationship in this association. A questionnaire survey was administered to 1,329 high school students in Yunnan Province to assess childhood trauma, NSSI behaviors, and stress perception. Firstly, the survey revealed a 12% prevalence of NSSI, with girls exhibiting a higher occurrence compared to boys (OR = 0.413, 95% CI: 0.280-0.609). Secondly, childhood trauma emerged as a significant predictor of NSSI behavior, irrespective of gender or whether the individual was an only child (r = 0.17, P < 0.01). Thirdly, stress perception functioned as a mediator in the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI among high school students (t = 4.65, P < 0.01). The mediation effect occupies 26.56% of the total effect. Furthermore, the teacher-student relationship moderated the mediating effect of stress perception on the link between childhood trauma and NSSI (ß = 0.0736, P < 0.01). Notably, individuals with strong teacher-student relationships exhibited a significant elevation in stress perception upon exposure to childhood trauma. The findings of this study support a moderated mediation model in the association between childhood trauma and NSSI, suggesting profound implications for the development of targeted interventions and prevention strategies among high school students.

Immune mediated support of metastasis: Implication for bone invasion.

Bone is a common organ affected by metastasis in various advanced cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, and melanoma. Once a patient is diagnosed with bone metastasis, the patient's quality of life and overall survival are significantly reduced owing to a wide range of morbidities and the increasing difficulty of treatment. Many studies have shown that bone metastasis is closely related to bone microenvironment, especially bone immune microenvironment. However, the effects of various immune cells in the bone microenvironment on bone metastasis remain unclear. Here, we described the changes in various immune cells during bone metastasis and discussed their related mechanisms. Osteoblasts, adipocytes, and other non-immune cells closely related to bone metastasis were also included. This review also summarized the existing treatment methods and potential therapeutic targets, and provided insights for future studies of cancer bone metastasis.

The mediating effect of the amygdala-frontal circuit on the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.

Depressive symptoms occur commonly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although abnormalities in the amygdala-frontal circuit have been linked to emotional dysregulation and cognitive impairment, the neurological basis underlying these associations in AD patients with depressive symptoms (ADD) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the amygdala-frontal circuit and depressive symptoms and cognitive function in ADD. We recruited 60 ADD, 60 AD patients without depressive symptoms (ADND), and 60 healthy controls (HC). Functional connectivity (FC) maps of the bilateral amygdala were compared. Fractional anisotropy (FA) of the amygdala-frontal circuit connected by the uncinate fasciculus (UF) was calculated using automated fiber quantification (AFQ). In addition, mediation analysis was performed to explore the effects of the amygdala-frontal circuit on the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function. We found decreased bilateral amygdala FC with the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the ADD group compared to the ADND and HC groups. Moreover, FA in the left frontal UF (nodes 64-97) was significantly lower in the ADD group than ADND group. Notably, amygdala-based FC with IFG and the left frontal UF FA mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in ADD, with mediating effects ranging between 15 and 18%. Our study is the first to demonstrate the mediating effect of functional and microstructural abnormalities in the amygdala-frontal circuit in ADD. The findings suggest that the amygdala-frontal circuit may underlie emotional dysregulation in ADD, providing potential targets for treatment strategies.

Histone lactylation dynamics: Unlocking the triad of metabolism, epigenetics, and immune regulation in metastatic cascade of pancreatic cancer.

Cancer cells rewire metabolism to sculpt the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) and propel tumor advancement, which intricately tied to post-translational modifications. Histone lactylation has emerged as a novel player in modulating protein functions, whereas little is known about its pathological role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. Employing a multi-omics approach encompassing bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, metabolomics, ATAC-seq, and CUT&Tag methodologies, we unveiled the potential of histone lactylation in prognostic prediction, patient stratification and TME characterization. Notably, "LDHA-H4K12la-immuno-genes" axis has introduced a novel node into the regulatory framework of "metabolism-epigenetics-immunity," shedding new light on the landscape of PDAC progression. Furthermore, the heightened interplay between cancer cells and immune counterparts via Nectin-2 in liver metastasis with elevated HLS unraveled a positive feedback loop in driving immune evasion. Simultaneously, immune cells exhibited altered HLS and autonomous functionality across the metastatic cascade. Consequently, the exploration of innovative combination strategies targeting the metabolism-epigenetics-immunity axis holds promise in curbing distant metastasis and improving survival prospects for individuals grappling with challenges of PDAC.

Glutathione-activated biotin-targeted dual-modal imaging probe with improved PDT/PTT synergistic therapy.

BACKGROUND: Glutathione (GSH), a highly abundant thiol compound within cells, plays a critical role in physiological processes and exhibits close correlation with cancer. Among molecular imaging technologies, most probes have relatively short emission wavelengths and lack photoacoustic imaging (PA) capability, resulting in the inability to obtain tissue images with high penetration depth. The presence of GSH in the tumor microenvironment neutralizes ROS, diminishing the therapeutic effect of PDT, thus resulting in often unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a dual-modal probe for the detection of GSH and the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. RESULTS: In this study, we synthesized a novel dual-modal probe, Cy-Bio-GSH, utilizing near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging techniques for GSH detection. The probe integrates cyanine dye as the fluorophore, nitroazobenzene as the recognition moiety, and biotin as the tumor-targeting moiety. Upon reacting with GSH, the probe emits NIR fluorescence at 820 nm and generates a PA signal. Significantly, this reaction activates the photodynamic and photothermal properties of the probe. By depleting GSH and employing a synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) treatment, the therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is remarkably enhanced. In-vivo experiments confirm the capability of the probe to detect GSH via NIRF and PA imaging. Notably, the combined tumor-targeting ability and PDT/PTT synergistic therapy enhance therapeutic outcomes for tumors and facilitate their ablation. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel tumor-targeting and dual-modal imaging probe (Cy-Bio-GSH) is synthesized, exhibiting remarkable sensitivity and selectivity to GSH, enabling the visualization of GSH in cells and the differentiation between normal and cancer cells. Cy-Bio-GSH enhances PDT/PTT with effective killing of cancer cells and makes the ablation of tumors in mice. This work represents the first tumor-targeting probe for GSH detection, and provides crucial tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment by dual-modal imaging with improved PDT/PTT synergistic therapy.

Prognostic impact of new-onset atrial fibrillation in myocardial infarction with and without improved ejection fraction.

AIMS: Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (impEF) often presents in contemporary acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) during AMI is an important predictor of subsequential heart failure (HF), while its impact on the trajectory of post-MI left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and prognostic implication in patients with and without impEF remains undetermined. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impacts of NOAF in AMI patients with and without impEF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive AMI patients without a prior history of AF between February 2014 and March 2018 with baseline LVEF ≤ 40% and had ≥1 LVEF measurement after baseline were included. ImpEF was defined as a baseline LVEF ≤ 40% and a re-evaluation showed both LVEF > 40% and an absolute increase of LVEF ≥ 10%. Persistently reduced EF (prEF) was defined as the second measurement of LVEF either ≤40% or an absolute increase of LVEF < 10%. The primary endpoint was a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) that was composed of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. Cox regression analysis and competing risk analysis were performed to assess the association of post-MI NOAF with MACE. Among 293 patients (mean age: 66.6 ± 11.3 years, 79.2% of males), 145 (49.5%) had impEF and 67 (22.9%) developed NOAF. Higher heart rate (odds ratio [OR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.97; P = 0.015), prior MI (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09-0.69; P = 0.008), and STEMI (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.77; P = 0.006) were independent predictors of post-MI impEF. Within up to 5 years of follow-up, there were 22 (15.2%) and 53 (35.8%) MACE in patients with impEF and prEF, respectively. NOAF was an independent predictor of MACE in patients with impEF (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.34, 95% CI: 2.49-21.59; P < 0.001) but not in those with prEF (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.39-1.55; P = 0.483) after multivariable adjustment. Similar results were obtained when accounting for the competing risk of all-cause death (subdistribution HR and 95% CIs in impEF and prEF were 6.47 [2.32-18.09] and 0.79 [0.39-1.61], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The NOAF was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes in AMI patients with impEF.

Development and validation of machine learning models to predict MDRO colonization or infection on ICU admission by using electronic health record data.

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) pose a significant threat to public health. Intensive Care Units (ICU), characterized by the extensive use of antimicrobial agents and a high prevalence of bacterial resistance, are hotspots for MDRO proliferation. Timely identification of patients at high risk for MDRO can aid in curbing transmission, enhancing patient outcomes, and maintaining the cleanliness of the ICU environment. This study focused on developing a machine learning (ML) model to identify patients at risk of MDRO during the initial phase of their ICU stay. METHODS: Utilizing patient data from the First Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH-ICU) and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV), the study analyzed variables within 24 h of ICU admission. Machine learning algorithms were applied to these datasets, emphasizing the early detection of MDRO colonization or infection. Model efficacy was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC), alongside internal and external validation sets. RESULTS: The study evaluated 3,536 patients in PLAGH-ICU and 34,923 in MIMIC-IV, revealing MDRO prevalence of 11.96% and 8.81%, respectively. Significant differences in ICU and hospital stays, along with mortality rates, were observed between MDRO positive and negative patients. In the temporal validation, the PLAGH-ICU model achieved an AUROC of 0.786 [0.748, 0.825], while the MIMIC-IV model reached 0.744 [0.723, 0.766]. External validation demonstrated reduced model performance across different datasets. Key predictors included biochemical markers and the duration of pre-ICU hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The ML models developed in this study demonstrated their capability in early identification of MDRO risks in ICU patients. Continuous refinement and validation in varied clinical contexts remain essential for future applications.

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OBJECTIVES: Scalp acupuncture is a method of treating diseases by dividing and stimulating the corresponding function-oriented cortical scalp areas. It is a commonly used therapy for neurological disorders. However, the specific target selection for scalp acupuncture remains to be explored. This manuscript aims to initiate an attempt to develop/identify scalp acupuncture targets based on neuroimaging findings and noninvasive brain stimulation. METHODS: Neurosynth-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies was conducted to identify brain stimulation targets of neurological disorders. The identified target regions were further projected to the scalp. The traditional acupoints and 10-20 EEG system were referenced for the localization of these targets. In this study, the "mild cognitive impairment" (MCI), "Alzheimer's disease" (AD) and "dementia" were used as the retrieval terms respectively, and a unity detection method was used to generate brain maps, with the default FDR (false discovery rate, P<0.01) threshold of Neurosynth set for subsequent exploration of various disease-related brain regions. The literature search was conducted on July 30, 2022. RESULTS: The localization and manipulation suggestions of neuroimage-based scalp acupuncture targets for MCI, AD, and dementia were introduced in the present paper (part 2). Here are 3 target examples for each of these 3 diseases due to word limitation. 1) MCI：Based on the 81 papers retrieved, we identified 6 potential scalp acupuncture points for MCI, their corresponding brain regions, brain functions and the possible resultant effects of the scalp target acupoint stimulation respectively are as below. MCI1：the orbital part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (left Brodmann area ［BA］47), related to semantic coding, working memory and episodic memory, improving semantic coding and memory function；MCI2：the anterior motor area/left anterior central gyrus (left BA6), the motor center area, improving MCI motor function；MCI3：the left medial temporal gyrus (left BA21), related to the processing of speech, visual space, language and word understanding, improving language and memory. 2) AD：Based on the 196 papers retrieved, we found 6 potential scalp acupuncture targets for AD, their corresponding brain regions and brain functions of the 3 example targets respectively are as below. AD1：the left medial temporal gyrus (left BA21), participating in language and semantic processing, sentence and word generation, intent expression, deductive reasoning；AD2：the left angular gyrus (left BA39), related to semantic processing, word reading and comprehension, memory retrieval, attention and spatial cognition, reasoning, etc.；AD3：the left fusiform/suboccipital gyrus (left BA37), related to semantic classification, text generation, sign language, phonology processing, etc. 3) Dementia：Based on the 142 papers retrieved, we found 4 potential scalp acupuncture targets for dementia, their corresponding brain regions, brain functions and the possible targets of the proposed scalp stimulation respectively are as below. D1 and D2：the left inferior frontal gyrus (i.e., left BA46, and left BA47, respectively), being closely related to working memory, emotional response regulation, melody and other processing processes, may be suitable for treating memory decline and advanced executive dysfunction in patients with dementia；D3：the left medial temporal gyrus (left BA21), an important brain region for various sensory integration, cognitive processing and memory functions, and emotional processing, may be suitable for temporal dementia. CONCLUSIONS: We identified scalp acupuncture targets for several common neurological disorders based on neuroimaging findings and noninvasive brain stimulation. The proposed targets may also be used for treating these disorders using nerve/brain stimulation methods.

Helicobacter pylori-Induced Angiopoietin-Like 4 Promotes Gastric Bacterial Colonization and Gastritis.

Helicobacter pylori infection is characterized as progressive processes of bacterial persistence and chronic gastritis with features of infiltration of mononuclear cells more than granulocytes in gastric mucosa. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is considered a double-edged sword in inflammation-associated diseases, but its function and clinical relevance in H. pylori-associated pathology are unknown. Here, we demonstrate both pro-colonization and pro-inflammation roles of ANGPTL4 in H. pylori infection. Increased ANGPTL4 in the infected gastric mucosa was produced from gastric epithelial cells (GECs) synergistically induced by H. pylori and IL-17A in a cagA-dependent manner. Human gastric ANGPTL4 correlated with H. pylori colonization and the severity of gastritis, and mouse ANGPTL4 from non-bone marrow-derived cells promoted bacteria colonization and inflammation. Importantly, H. pylori colonization and inflammation were attenuated in Il17a -/-, Angptl4 -/-, and Il17a -/- Angptl4 -/- mice. Mechanistically, ANGPTL4 bound to integrin αV (ITGAV) on GECs to suppress CXCL1 production by inhibiting ERK, leading to decreased gastric influx of neutrophils, thereby promoting H. pylori colonization; ANGPTL4 also bound to ITGAV on monocytes to promote CCL5 production by activating PI3K-AKT-NF-κB, resulting in increased gastric influx of regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) via CCL5-CCR4-dependent migration. In turn, ANGPTL4 induced Treg proliferation by binding to ITGAV to activate PI3K-AKT-NF-κB, promoting H. pylori-associated gastritis. Overall, we propose a model in which ANGPTL4 collectively ensures H. pylori persistence and promotes gastritis. Efforts to inhibit ANGPTL4-associated pathway may prove valuable strategies in treating H. pylori infection.

Supine position popliteal vein puncture under ultrasound guidance is a feasible and effective strategy to establish venous access.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to introduce the clinical application value of popliteal vein puncture in the supine position under ultrasound guidance and compare this method with popliteal vein puncture in the prone position. METHODS: Endovascular operations for nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVLs) patients using popliteal vein access were performed during the period from July 2019 to August 2022 at the Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University and Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into supine position group and prone position group. All of the patients were punctured under ultrasound guidance. The procedure duration time for popliteal vein puncture, visual analogue score (VAS) scores and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Totally 120 patients were included in this study, in which 60 patients were enrolled in the supine position group, and 60 patients were enrolled in the prone position group. The median procedure time from puncture to iliofemoral venography was 5.97 min (interquartile range 5.78 min -6.03 min) and 28.76min (interquartile range 26.84 min -29.83 min ; p＜0.01）in the supine position and prone position group, respectively. The median time from puncture to access sheath insertion was 5.05 min (interquartile range 4.88 min -5.13 min ) and 5.03 min (interquartile range 4.93 min-5.12 min; p =0.607）in the supine position and prone position group, respectively. The median VAS value was 3 (interquartile range 2-3 ) and 8 (interquartile range 7-9 , p＜0.01）in the supine position and prone position group, respectively. In the supine position group, 1 case of arterial branch injury was observed after operation, and was successfully managed by ultrasound-guided compression. CONCLUSIONS: Popliteal vein puncture in the supine position under ultrasound guidance is safe and significantly reduces the overall operation time without changing position, and relieves the discomfort of patients.

Efficacy of first-line chemotherapy based on primary site of tumor versus etoposide-platinum in advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (GEP-NECs) constitute a rare and aggressive group of malignancies usually with widespread disease. There are limited studies on GEP-NECs, and therefore, we aim to acquire more information on the clinical features, treatment regimens, and prognosis. Methods: Data from advanced GEP-NECs patients who had not previously received systemic treatment for advanced disease at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2010 to 2022 were retrospectively collected. Relationships between clinical-pathological features, treatment regimens, and prognosis were investigated using Kaplan-Meier curves and cox regression models. Results: A total of fifty-four patients were enrolled in the study. The median age was 65.5 years and 79.6% were male. At diagnosis, 51.9% and 3.7% of patients developed liver and brain metastasis respectively. Sixteen (29.6%) patients received chemotherapy according to primary site of tumor (PST), while thirty-eight (70.4%) were treated with etoposide-platinum (EP) regimen, which based on the first-line treatment of advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC). No significant differences on progression-free survival (PFS) and response rate were observed between these two groups. Univariate survival analysis showed that liver metastasis, elevated baseline serum carcinoembryonic antigen, elevated baseline serum neuron-specific enolase, elevated baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase, and elevated baseline serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were associated with shorter PFS. After multivariate analysis, elevated NLR was the only factor that remained significantly associated with shorter PFS (P=0.01). Conclusions: GEP-NECs are aggressive neoplasms, of which elevated NLR is proven to be an independent negative predictor. Treatment regimens based on PST are not inferior to regiments based on SCLC (EP) for GEP-NECs patients. Large-scale, prospective randomized controlled trials are required to establish the standard of care.

"Still work?" Design and effect of interventions used to modify feeding problems in children with autism: A systematic review of studies employing group designs.

BACKGROUND: Feeding problems in children with autism jeopardize the well-being of both children with autism and their families. Mixed findings were reported from previous interventions, which were mostly evaluated by single subject research design (SSRD) studies. Moreover, feasibility assessment and social validity measurement were unaddressed by these SSRD studies. To fill this substantial knowledge gap, the present review systematically summarized and evaluated feeding interventions implemented in children with autism, which were assessed by studies employing group designs. METHOD: An extensive literature search in eight established online databases was conducted, and a total of 17 eligible studies published in 2009-2021 were included for further analysis. A descriptive account of the features of the investigations is provided, including assessment of study quality. RESULTS: A total of 449 children with autism and 203 parents/caregivers participated in the included studies. The multiple use of five strategic intervention components were highlighted in this review, including nutrition education/consultations, environmental modifications, sensory exposure, cognitive components, and behaviour interventions. The reviewed interventions showed a preliminarily positive effect for modifying feeding problems in children with autism. Furthermore, the evaluation based on the RE-AIM framework (reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) demonstrated that an interdisciplinary multi-component intervention strategy may achieve high effectiveness and feasibility in improving feeding problems in a wide range of children with autism. CONCLUSIONS: This review found that interventions achieved and maintained a positive effect on modification of feeding problems in groups of children with autism. Information and gaps identified and summarized in the implementation process may assist both researchers and stakeholders to further support these vulnerable children.

A simulation-based network analysis of intervention targets for adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Although previous research has well explored central and bridge symptoms of mental health problems, little examined whether these symptoms can serve as effective targets for intervention practices. Based on the Ising model, this study constructed a network structure of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The NodeIdentifyR algorithm (NIRA) was used to simulate interventions within this network, examining the effects of alleviating or aggravating specific symptoms on the network's sum scores. In this study, a total of 15,569 participants were recruited from China (50.87 % females, Mage = 13.44; SD = 0.97). The Ising model demonstrated that "sad mood" had the highest expected influence, and "irritability" had the highest bridge expected influence. Alleviating interventions suggested that decreasing the symptom value of "nervousness" resulted in the greatest projected reduction in network symptom activation, which may be a potential target symptom for treatment. Aggravating interventions indicated that elevating the symptom value of "sad mood" had the most projected increase in network activation, which may be a potential target for prevention. Additionally, network structure indices (e.g., central or bridge symptoms) need to be interpreted with more caution as intervention targets, since they may not be exactly the same. These findings enriched the comprehension of the depressive and anxiety network in Chinese adolescents, offering valuable insights for designing effective interventions.

Lung Cancer Biomarkers Associated with Increased Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Middle-aged Chinese Adults.

AIMS: Previous evidence suggests that serum lung cancer biomarkers are associated with inflammatory conditions; however, their relationship with peripheral arterial stiffness remains unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between serum lung cancer biomarkers and peripheral arterial stiffness in middle-aged Chinese adults. METHODS: In total, 3878 middle-aged Chinese adults were enrolled in this study. Increased peripheral arterial stiffness was assessed using the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent effects of serum lung cancer biomarkers on the risk of increased peripheral arterial stiffness. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic ability of serum lung cancer biomarkers in distinguishing increased peripheral arterial stiffness. RESULTS: Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin-19 fragment 21-1, and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide were higher in subjects with increased peripheral arterial stiffness than in those without (P＜0.05). After adjusting for other risk factors, serum CEA and NSE levels were found to be independently associated with increased peripheral arterial stiffness. The corresponding adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for increased peripheral arterial stiffness in CEA level quartiles were 1.00, 1.57, 2.15, and 6.13. The ORs for increased peripheral arterial stiffness in the quartiles of NSE levels were 1.00, 4.92, 6.65, and 8.01. CONCLUSIONS: Increased serum CEA and NSE levels are closely linked to increased peripheral arterial stiffness, and high serum CEA and NSE levels are potential risk markers for peripheral arterial stiffness in middle-aged Chinese adults.

Constructing a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis of inflammation-related genes.

Background: This study aims to screen inflammation-related genes closely associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to accurately forecast the prognosis of HCC patients. Methods: Gene expression matrices and clinical information for liver cancer samples were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). An intersection of differentially expressed genes of HCC and normal and GeneCards yielded inflammation-related genes associated with HCC. Cox regression and the minor absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to filter genes associated with HCC prognosis. The prognostic value of the model was confirmed by drawing Kaplan-Meier and ROC curves. Select differentially expressed genes between the high-risk and low-risk groups and perform GO and KEGG pathways analyses. CIBERSORT analysis was conducted to assess associations of risk models with immune cells and verified using real-time qPCR. Results: A total of six hub genes (C3, CTNNB1, CYBC1, DNASE1L3, IRAK1, and SERPINE1) were selected using multivariate Cox regression to construct a prognostic model. The validation evaluation of the prognostic model showed that it has an excellent ability to predict prognosis. A line plot was drawn to indicate the HCC patients' survival, and the calibration curve revealed satisfactory predictability. Among the six hub genes, C3 and DNASE1L3 are relatively low expressed in HCCLM3 and 97H liver cancer cell lines, while CTNNB1, CYBC1, IRAK1, and SERPINE1 are relatively overexpressed in liver cancer cell lines. Conclusion: One new inflammatory factor-associated prognostic model was constructed in this study. The risk score can be an independent predictor for judging the prognosis of HCC patients' survival.