RÉSUMÉ
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) manifests as persistent chronic pain that emerges after a herpes zoster outbreak and greatly diminishes quality of life. Unfortunately, its treatment efficacy has remained elusive, with many therapeutic efforts yielding less than satisfactory results. The research to discern risk factors predicting the onset, trajectory, and prognosis of PHN has been extensive. However, these risk factors often present as nonspecific and diverse, indicating the need for more reliable, measurable, and objective detection methods. The exploration of potential biological markers, including hematological indices, pathological insights, and supportive tests, is increasing. This review highlights potential biomarkers that are instrumental for the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of PHN while also delving deeper into its genesis. Drawing from prior research, aspects such as immune responsiveness, neuronal injury, genetic makeup, cellular metabolism, and pain signal modulation have emerged as prospective biomarkers. The immune spectrum spans various cell subtypes, with an emphasis on T cells, interferons, interleukins, and other related cytokines. Studies on nerve injury are directed toward pain-related proteins and the density and health of epidermal nerve fibers. On the genetic and metabolic fronts, the focus lies in the detection of predisposition genes, atypical protein manifestations, and energy-processing dynamics, with a keen interest in vitamin metabolism. Tools such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, electromyography, and infrared imaging have come to the forefront in the pain signaling domain. This review compiles the evidence, potential clinical implications, and challenges associated with these promising biomarkers, paving the way for innovative strategies for predicting, diagnosing, and addressing PHN.
RÉSUMÉ
We present a case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma in the axillary lymph node, which unexpectedly showed favorable outcomes after the application of apatinib. Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma (FDCS) exhibits a rare incidence and an unclear pathogenic mechanism, contributing to the limited breakthroughs in its treatment to date within the medical field. The current mainstream therapeutic approaches include surgery, CHOP(cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone), ICE(ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide), ABVD(doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine), and immune checkpoint inhibitors. A 38-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to a lump in the right axilla and underwent surgical treatment. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. Two months post-surgery, he faced a recurrence, prompting a subsequent surgical intervention complemented by tumor radiofrequency ablation. Despite these interventions, the treatment response was suboptimal. Subsequently, the patient was treated with the CHOP regimen, but after two cycles, he developed bone metastasis. Due to the patient's limited financial resources and refusal of immunotherapy, we switched to a regimen of gemcitabine and docetaxel, but the disease progressed again after two cycles. A one-cycle trial of albumin-bound paclitaxel yielded unsatisfactory results. Ultimately, the patient was treated with Apatinib, achieving a 10-month progression-free survival. Due to the patient's limited financial circumstances, we, in the absence of guideline recommendations and evidence from evidence-based medicine, achieved a 10-month progression-free survival (PFS) solely based on experiential use of the anti-angiogenic drug, Apatinib. The purpose of this case report is to provide additional therapeutic options for FDCS treatment and to pave the way for exploring the mechanism of action of Apatinib in FDCS.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction: Nerve injury is a serious complication of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar discectomy due to nerve root contact. The maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of ropivacaine concentration for epidural anaesthesia, is defined as the concentration that minimises pain while preserving the sensation of the nerve roots. This distinct advantage allows the patient to provide feedback to the surgeon when the nerve roots are contacted. Methods: We used a biased-coin design to determine the MTC, which was estimated by the 10% effective concentration (EC10), ie, the concentration at which 10% of patients lost sensation in the nerve roots. The determinant for positive response was lack of sensory feedback upon contact with the nerve root, and the feedback from occurrence of sensations in the innervation area upon contact with the nerve root was defined as a negative response. Primary outcome was the response from contact nerve root. Secondary outcomes were the type and number of statements of negative response and each patient's pain score during surgery. Results: Fifty-four patients were included in this study. The EC10 was 0.434% (95% CI: 0.410%, 0.440%) using isotonic regression in comparison with 0.431% (95% CI: 0.399%, 0.444%) using probit regression. Three type statements of negative response were reported including "tactile sensation", radiculalgia, and numbness. Conclusion: The MTC of ropivacaine used for epidural anaesthesia was 0.434% to avoid nerve injury in percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar discectomy.
Sujet(s)
Anesthésie péridurale , Anesthésiques locaux , Vertèbres lombales , Ropivacaïne , Ropivacaïne/administration et posologie , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Femelle , Vertèbres lombales/chirurgie , Adulte , Anesthésiques locaux/administration et posologie , Anesthésie péridurale/méthodes , Anesthésie péridurale/effets indésirables , Discectomie percutanée/méthodes , Endoscopie , Racines des nerfs spinaux/chirurgie , Relation dose-effet des médicaments , Sensation/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Sujet âgéRÉSUMÉ
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of the most common and serious complications of herpes zoster infection. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) therapy has emerged to be a neuromodulation technique for the treatment of PHN. Two therapeutic options are available for PRF, including high-voltage and standard-voltage PRF. Some studies suggested that the former one had better clinical efficacy than the latter one. For the first time, this pooled analysis compared the efficacy and safety of these two surgeries for the treatment of PHN. Five commonly used databases were applied to identify the eligible studies. This study was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023460236), which provided more relevant information. Finally, four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 285 participants were included. The combined odds ratios (OR) showed that high-voltage PRF exhibited a significantly higher treatment efficiency than the standard PRF (OR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.16 to 1.69, P < 0.001). Additionally, the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the high-voltage PRF group was significantly lower than that of the standard PRF group at one week (SMD = -0.776, 95%CI: -1.408 to -0.145, P = 0.016), one month (SMD = -0.544, 95%CI: -0.907 to -0.180, P = 0.003), and three months (SMD = -1.096, 95%CI: -1.504 to -0.687, P < 0.001) after treatment, particularly at the three months after surgery. However, the VAS was comparable between the two groups (SMD = -0.94, 95%CI: -1.985 to 0.104, P = 0.077). Patients who underwent high-voltage PRF did not have a significantly higher incidence of adverse events than those with standard PRF (OR = 1.56, 95%CI: 0.78 to 3.13, P = 0.208). In summary, the current study revealed that high-voltage PRF is superior to standard-voltage PRF in improving analgesic efficacy in patients with PHN. Additionally, it does not increase the incidence of treatment-related adverse effects. Further studies are still warranted to determine the optimal voltage and duration of PRF treatment for patients with PHN.
RÉSUMÉ
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) comparative efficacy of treatments using video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy (VATS) in the long term remains uncertain in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis (PHH). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of RFA and VATS in patients with PHH. We recruited patients aged ≥ 14 years with diagnosed PHH from 14 centres in China. The treatment options of RFA or VATS were assigned to two cohort in patients with PHH. The primary outcome was the efficacy at 1-year. A total of 807 patients were enrolled. After propensity score matching, the rate of complete remission was lower in RFA group than VATS group (95% CI 0.21-0.57; p < 0.001). However, the rates of palmar dryness (95% CI 0.38-0.92; p = 0.020), postoperative pain (95% CI 0.13-0.33; p < 0.001), and surgery-related complications (95% CI 0.19-0.85; p = 0.020) were lower in RFA group than in VATS group, but skin temperature rise was more common in RFA group (95% CI 1.84-3.58; p < 0.001). RFA had a lower success rate than VATS for the complete remission of PHH. However, the symptom burden and cost are lower in patients undergoing RFA compared to those undergoing VATS.Trial Registration: ChiCTR2000039576, URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx .
Sujet(s)
Hyperhidrose , Ablation par radiofréquence , Humains , Résultat thérapeutique , Chirurgie thoracique vidéoassistée/effets indésirables , Hyperhidrose/chirurgie , Ablation par radiofréquence/effets indésirables , Sympathectomie/effets indésirables , MainRÉSUMÉ
Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique. How to increase the current intensity entering the skull and reduce scalp shunting has become a key factor significantly influencing regulatory efficacy. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for optimizing TES by adjusting local scalp temperature to modulate scalp conductivity. We have developed simulation models for TES-induced electric fields and for temperature-induced alterations in scalp conductivity. Two common types of stimulation montage (M1-SO and 4 × 1 montage) were adopted for the evaluation of effectiveness. We observed that the modulation of scalp temperature has a significant impact on the distribution of the electric field within the brain during TES. As local scalp temperature decreases, there is an increase in the maximum electric field intensity within the target area, with the maximum change reaching 18.3%, when compared to the electric field distribution observed under normal scalp temperature conditions. Our study provide insights into the practical implementation challenges and future directions for this innovative methodology.
Sujet(s)
Stimulation transcrânienne par courant continu , Stimulation transcrânienne par courant continu/méthodes , Cuir chevelu , Température , Encéphale/physiologie , Conductivité électrique , Stimulation électriqueRÉSUMÉ
Introduction: Early diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome is easily confused with other common spine-related diseases and infections. There is currently no consensus regarding the diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome, and specific treatments are empirical because of its rarity. Case Presentation: A 62-year-old woman was referred to our department with complaints of low back and lower extremity pain for 2 years, 1.5 years after lumbar spine surgery, and recurrent low back pain for 1 year. Laboratory test results revealed elevated hs-CRP levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Combined with her surgical history and lumbar CT results, adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) was first considered. NSAIDs, analgesics, and supplemental therapies were also administered. However, the patient's symptoms were not significantly relieved. During re-examination, hyperkeratosis with active pustulosis was observed on the patient's palms. Osteitis of the left sacroiliac joint was revealed on imaging. Skeletal ECT revealed a typical "horn sign". The patient was diagnosed with SAPHO syndrome. Based on the original treatment, sulfasalazine enteric-coated tablets, adalimumab (a biological agent of TNF-α), pregabalin, and tramadol sustained-release tablets were administered. The patient reported that her pain was significantly relieved. He was discharged from the hospital and received adalimumab treatment (40 mg once per fortnight in the first 6 months and 40 mg once per month after month 6) in the outpatient clinic. The hyperkeratosis with active pustulosis on both palms fully recovered after 12 months of treatment. The patient was followed up 6 months after full recovery, and no recurrence was found in the symptoms of low back and lower extremity pain and palmar hyperkeratosis with active pustulosis. Conclusion: SAPHO syndrome should be suspected in patients present with osteoarticular and/or dermatological manifestations. Biological agents can be used to treat patients with refractory SAPHO syndrome.
RÉSUMÉ
Influenza is an acute viral respiratory infection that has caused high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Influenza A virus (IAV) has been found to activate multiple programmed cell death pathways, including ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death in which the accumulation of intracellular iron promotes lipid peroxidation, leading to cell death. However, little is known about how influenza viruses induce ferroptosis in the host cells. In this study, based on network pharmacology, we predicted the mechanism of action of Maxing Shigan decoction (MXSGD) in IAV-induced ferroptosis, and found that this process was related to biological processes, cellular components, molecular function and multiple signaling pathways, where the hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1) signaling pathway plays a significant role. Subsequently, we constructed the mouse lung epithelial (MLE-12) cell model by IAV-infected in vitro cell experiments, and revealed that IAV infection induced cellular ferroptosis that was characterized by mitochondrial damage, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, increased total iron and iron ion contents, decreased expression of ferroptosis marker gene recombinant glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), increased expression of acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), and enhanced activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Treatment with MXSGD effectively reduced intracellular viral load, while reducing ROS, total iron and ferrous ion contents, repairing mitochondrial results and inhibiting the expression of cellular ferroptosis and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Finally, based on animal experiments, it was found that MXSGD effectively alleviated pulmonary congestion, edema and inflammation in IAV-infected mice, and inhibited the expression of ferroptosis-related protein and the HIF-1 signaling pathway in lung tissues.
Sujet(s)
Ferroptose , Virus de la grippe A , Animaux , Souris , Pharmacologie des réseaux , Espèces réactives de l'oxygène , Facteur de croissance endothéliale vasculaire de type A , Fer , HypoxieRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by progressive, paroxysmal, and involuntary convulsions on one side of the face. We have conducted in-depth exploration on the puncture approach through the mandibular angle, which is an important supplement to the first 2 approaches (i.e., premastoid approach and the postmastoid approach), especially for patients who cannot find a suitable way before and after the mastoid process. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous mandibular angle radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) of facial nerve through the stylomastoid foramen in treating HFS. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, observational study. SETTING: Pain Department, Jiaxing and Hangzhou, China. METHODS: A total of 89 patients with HFS who underwent CT-guided RFT in the Pain Department of Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital and the Pain Department of Jiaxing First Hospital, from June 2020 to June 2022, were retrospectively analyzed, including 29 men and 60 women, aged 34~88 (59.8 ± 11.1). They were divided into 3 groups: anterior mastoid approach group (Group A, n = 38), posterior mastoid approach group (Group P, n = 26), and mandibular angle approach group (Group M, n = 25), according to the different puncture approaches. Puncture time, minimum stimulating current triggering facial muscle twitches, temperature at the end of RFT and duration time of RFT at this temperature, and total treatment time, as well as degree of facial paralysis and complications one-day postoperation, were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: The puncture times (mean ± SD) of Group A, Group P, and Group M were (30.63 ± 4.88), (31.35 ± 5.89), and (35.08 ± 5.76), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P = 0.006). The puncture time of Group M was longer than that of Groups A and P (P < 0.05). The minimum stimulating current triggering facial muscle twitches in the 3 groups were (0.49 ± 0.16), (0.43 ± 0.14), and (0.28 ± 0.09), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.000). The minimum stimulation current in Group M was less than that in Groups A and P (P < 0.05). The temperature at the end of RFT of the 3 groups was (78.29 ± 7.91), (76.54 ± 8.10), and (66.60 ± 8.00), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The temperature of Group M was lower than Groups A and P (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in the total operation time or the degree of facial paralysis one-day postoperation (P > 0.05). No hematoma, infection, hearing impairment, or other complications were reported in any patients. LIMITATIONS: The nonrandomized nature, small sample size, and retrospective design are limitations of this study. CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided RFT through the stylomastoid foramen is an effective treatment of HFS. Compared to the poster and anterior mastoid approaches, the mandibular angle approach was found to be more effective in terms of reduced minimum stimulating current and reduced-end RFT temperature, which means fewer potential complications to the patient postsurgery. KEY WORDS: Hemifacial spasm, radiofrequency thermocoagulation, stylomastoid foramen, CT-guided.
Sujet(s)
Paralysie faciale , Spasme hémifacial , Névralgie essentielle du trijumeau , Mâle , Humains , Femelle , Études rétrospectives , Spasme hémifacial/chirurgie , Névralgie essentielle du trijumeau/thérapie , Électrocoagulation/méthodes , Résultat thérapeutique , Ponctions , Douleur , Os temporal , TomodensitométrieRÉSUMÉ
Nociplastic pain is a severe health problem, while its mechanisms are still unclear. (R, S)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) is a group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist that can cause central sensitization, which plays a role in nociplastic pain. In this study, after intrathecal injection of 25 nmol DHPG for three consecutive days, whole proteins were extracted from the L4~6 lumbar spinal cord of mice 2 h after intrathecal administration on the third day for proteomics analysis. Based on the results, 15 down-regulated and 20 up-regulated proteins were identified in mice. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting (WB) revealed that the expression of ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog (EPG5) mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated compared with the control group, which was consistent with the proteomics results. Originally identified in the genetic screening of Caenorhabditis elegans, EPG5 is mainly involved in regulating autophagy in the body, and in our study, it was mainly expressed in spinal neurons, as revealed by immunohistochemistry staining. After the intrathecal injection of 8 µL adeno-associated virus (AAV)-EPG5 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down spinal EPG5, the hyperalgesia caused by DHPG was relieved. Altogether, these results suggest that EPG5 plays an important role in DHPG-induced pain sensitization in mice.
Sujet(s)
Granules de ribonucléoprotéines des cellules germinales , Récepteurs métabotropes au glutamate , Souris , Animaux , Récepteurs métabotropes au glutamate/métabolisme , Douleur/métabolisme , Hyperalgésie , Protéines associées à l'autophagie , Protéines du transport vésiculaireRÉSUMÉ
Breast surgery, especially radical mastectomy, is often accompanied by moderate to severe acute pain, which significantly reduces postoperative quality of life. Effective pain management can accelerate patient recovery. Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a new type of fascial plane block technique, which can better target the nerve network innervating the chest wall and breast and provide good analgesia in the anterolateral chest wall. Current clinical research evidence indicates that SAPB has significant benefits in breast surgery. Further research avenues for this technology include optimal local anesthetic dosing strategy, the type of SAPB which is more suitable for breast surgery, comparison of SAPB and pectoral nerve block II (PECS II) in breast surgery, and high-quality randomized controlled study with outcomes of chronic pain or cancer prognosis.
RÉSUMÉ
Neuropathic pain, characterized by persistent or intermittent spontaneous pain as well as some unpleasant abnormal sensations, is one of the most prevalent health problems in the world. Ectopic nerve activity, central and peripheral nociceptive sensitization and many other potential mechanisms may participate in neuropathic pain. The complexity and ambiguity of neuropathic pain mechanisms result in difficulties in pain management, and existing treatment plans provide less-than-satisfactory relief. In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been increasingly applied and has become a powerful means for biological researchers to explore the complexity of neurobiology. This technique can be used to perform unbiased, high-throughput and high-resolution transcriptional analyses of neuropathic pain-associated cells, improving the understanding of neuropathic pain mechanisms and enabling individualized pain management. To date, scRNA-seq has been preliminarily used in neuropathic pain research for applications such as compiling a dorsal root ganglion atlas, identifying new cell types and discovering gene regulatory networks associated with neuropathic pain. Although scRNA-seq is a relatively new technique in the neuropathic pain field, there have been several studies based on animal models. However, because of the various differences between animals and humans, more attention should be given to translational medicine research. With the aid of scRNA-seq, researchers can further explore the mechanism of neuropathic pain to improve the clinical understanding of the diagnosis, treatment and management of neuropathic pain.
Sujet(s)
Névralgie , Animaux , Humains , Névralgie/génétique , Névralgie/traitement médicamenteux , Ganglions sensitifs des nerfs spinaux , Gestion de la douleur/effets indésirables , Analyse de séquence d'ARN , Analyse sur cellule uniqueRÉSUMÉ
Background: Pain is a common symptom among cancer patients and directly affects their prognosis. As the leading drug for pain management, opioids are widely prescribed. So it is necessary to get people a correct understanding and application of opioids. In order to examine whether the use of high-dose opioids might affect survival and quality of life, this retrospective cohort study was performed to explore the outcomes of patients receiving high-dose opioids for pain management in a first-class tertiary hospital in China. Methods: We retrospectively searched medical records of inpatients and outpatients with pain who were treated with opioids in The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July to December 2021. Forty-three cases who were treated with high-dose opioids meeting inclusion criteria. Among these patients, 37 had cancer pain and 6 had neuropathic pain. All patients had regular follow-up when readmission until to April 7, 2022. Medical records of patients on high-dose opioids (equivalent to morphine ≥300 mg/d) was collected, including numerical rating scale (NRS), Karnofsky performance score (KPS), survival and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Pain relief, quality of life, survival, and ADRs of patients after pain treatment were analyzed and evaluated. Results: The NRS score was significantly reduced and pain was relieved after high-dose opioid treatment. The before and after average NRS score of cancer pain was 5.2±1.6 vs. 2.2±1.1 points (P<0.001), neuropathic pain was 5.0±2.2 vs. 1.3±1.2 points (P<0.05), respectively. Although there is no statistical difference, quality of life showed a trend of improvement compared with before treatment. The before and after average KPS scores of cancer pain patients was 55.7±17.3 vs. 62.4±20.0, and neuropathic pain patients was 71.7±9.0 vs. 83.3±4.7. There were no intolerable ADRs. The median survival time was 238 days and 83 days in patients with cancer pain who received high-dose opioids and ultra-high dose opioids (equivalent to morphine ≥600 mg/d). Conclusions: Multimodal high-dose opioid pain treatments are important approaches to effectively relieve moderate to severe pain and improve the quality of life of patients. This study provides a clinical basis for future pain treatment with high-dose opioids.
RÉSUMÉ
Purpose: Short-term spinal cord stimulation (st-SCS) has been widely used to treat herpetic-related neuralgia (HN) in China for several years, but is still heavily debated as it has no strong evidence in clinical application. Therefore, a questionnaire survey among the Chinese pain specialist workgroup of the Chinese Neuromodulation Society and Chinese Medical Doctor Association was carried out to achieve a consensus about the clinical use of st-SCS for HN treatment. Methods: The contents of the questionnaire include basic information about doctors (hospital level, work experience, training, procedure numbers, etc.), efficacy, indications, and contraindications of st-SCS, operation conditions, and preoperative preparation of st-SCS, and the prospect of the st-SCS procedure. Initially, the survey was conducted on 110 experts who have practiced the st-SCS procedure from all over the provinces in China. Finally, valuable data was calculated from the 110 questionnaires excluding the doctors with <1 year of experience of st-SCS, <10 cases of procedures per year, and no standard training in SCS technique. Results: Based on the 110 questionnaires, it is estimated that 5,000 to 10,000 cases of electrical stimulation are carried out nationwide each year. Sixty-nine valid questionnaires acquired from senior pain physicians were more valuable and specialized in the efficacy, indications, and contraindications of st-SCS for HN. It was commonly agreed (97.10%) that the HN patients with <3 months will obtain good effectiveness (patient satisfaction rate ≥50%). Almost all (98.55%) agreed that st-SCS can be used in SHN patients, there was a common agreement (72.46%) that AHN patients are an indication of st-SCS, and more than half agreement (53.62%) that st-SCS may be fit for early PHN (3-6 months). A common agreement (79.71%) was achieved that more than half of HN patients had the experience of nerve block or nerve pulsed RF. A similarly large number of experts 57/69 (82.61%) agreed that an 80% paresthesia coverage should be achieved at the test stimulation and 57/69 (82.61%) agreed that the treatment of st-SCS need be persistent for 1-2 weeks. Conclusions: Early HN patients can get an effective outcome from the treatment of st-SCS and maybe the indication of st-SCS. Moreover, standardized training for pain physicians and basic research and clinical studies are warranted.
RÉSUMÉ
Microbial bromate reduction plays an important role in remediating bromate-contaminated waters as well as biogeochemical cycling of bromine. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of microbial bromate reduction so far. Since the model strain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is capable of reducing a variety of oxyanions such as iodate, which has a high similarity to bromate, we hypothesize that S. oneidensis MR-1 can reduce bromate. Here, we conducted an experiment to investigate whether S. oneidensis MR-1 can reduce bromate, and report bromate reduction mediated by a dimethylsulfoxide reductase encoded with dmsA. S. oneidensis MR-1 is not a bromate-respiring bacterium but can reduce bromate to bromide under microaerobic conditions. When exposed to 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM bromate, S. oneidensis MR-1 reduced bromate by around 100, 75, 64, 48, and 23%, respectively, within 12 h. In vivo evidence from gene deletion mutants and complemented strains of S. oneidensis MR-1 indicates that MtrB, MtrC, CymA, GspD, and DmsA are involved in bromate reduction, but not NapA, FccA, or SYE4. Based on our results as well as previous findings, a proposed molecular mechanism for bromate reduction is presented in this study. Moreover, a genomic survey indicates that 9 of the other 56 reported Shewanella species encode proteins highly homologous to CymA, GspD, and DmsA of S. oneidensis MR-1 by sequence alignment. The results of this study contribute to understanding a pathway for microbial bromate reduction.
RÉSUMÉ
Objectives: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can induce herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Immune cells play an important role in regulating HZ and PHN pathogenesis, but the dynamic immune profiles and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to screen dynamic immune signatures during HZ progression and elucidate the mechanism of VZV-specific T cells in PHN. Methods: We used cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) to analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples from 45 patients with HZ and eight age-sex-matched healthy controls, eight PHN samples and seven non-PHN samples. Correlations between the immune subsets and clinical pain-related scores were performed. Further, the characteristics of VZV-specific T cells between PHN and non-PHN patients were evaluated by VZV peptide pools stimulation. The expression level of cytokines, including granzyme B, interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was performed via cytometric bead array. Finally, we analyzed the alteration of Ca2+ signals in dorsal root ganglion (DRG)-derived cells after TNF-α stimulation. Results: We investigated the dynamic characteristics of the immune landscape of peripheral blood samples of patients with HZ and PHN, and depicted two major dynamic signatures in NK, CD4+ and CD8+ T subsets in patients with HZ, which closely correlated with clinical pain-related scores. The frequency of PD-1+CD4+ T cells, VZV-specific PD-1+CD4+ T cells, and the amount of TNF-α produced by VZV-specific T cells were higher in patients with PHN than without PHN. Furthermore, we showed that TNF-α could induce calcium influx in DRG-derived cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Our results profiled the dynamic signatures of immune cells in patients with HZ and highlighted the important role of VZV-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of PHN.
Sujet(s)
Zona , Algie post-zona , Herpèsvirus humain de type 3 , Humains , Agranulocytes , Algie post-zona/étiologie , Récepteur-1 de mort cellulaire programmée , Lymphocytes T , Facteur de nécrose tumorale alphaRÉSUMÉ
The narrow band gap and significant separation of photogenerated carriers are essential aspects in practical photocatalytic applications. Nitrogen doping usually narrows the band gap of semiconductor oxides, and it enhances photocatalytic activity. Nitrogen-doped Nb2O5 was prepared by a multiple hydrothermal method. The non-metal element N inside the nanostructure, working as the trapping sites for the holes, which were effectively incorporated into the crystal lattice of Nb2O5 semiconductor oxide, remarkably shorten the band gap (3.1 eV) to enhance the visible light response, effectively reducing the photoinduced electron-hole pair recombination and prolonging carrier lifetime. The multilayer coating structure with a gradient concentration distribution and the type of nitrogen doped is favorable for the migration of photoexcited carriers in the bulk of catalysts. The unique multi-layer coating with the micro-concentration gradient of doped nitrogen provides a fast separation channel and jump steps for the separation of electron-hole pairs.