Synthesis of Star Polymers using Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Through a Core-first Approach.

Synthetic routes to higher ordered polymeric architectures are important tools for advanced materials design and realization. In this study, organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization is employed for the synthesis of star polymers through a core-first approach using a visible-light absorbing photocatalyst, 3,7-di(4-biphenyl)-1-naphthalene-10-phenoxazine. Structurally similar multifunctional initiators possessing 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 initiating sites were used in this study for the synthesis of linear telechelic polymers and star polymers typically possessing dispersities lower than 1.5 while achieving high initiator efficiencies. Furthermore, no evidence of undesirable star-star coupling reactions was observed, even at high monomer conversions and high degrees of polymerization. The utility of this system is further exemplified through the synthesis of well-defined diblock star polymers.

Socioeconomic outcomes in adults malnourished in the first year of life: a 40-year study.

OBJECTIVE: Lifelong functional, adaptive, and economic outcomes of moderate to severe infantile malnutrition are not well known. We assessed social status and income at midlife in a cohort of Barbadian adults, hospitalized for protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) during the first year of life, with good nutrition and health thereafter, in the context of a 40-year longitudinal case-control study. We also examined to what extent childhood IQ mediated any group differences. METHODS: Educational achievement, occupational status, and standard of living were assessed by the Hollingshead scales and a site-specific Ecology Questionnaire in Barbadian adults (aged 37-43 years) with a history of malnutrition (n = 80) and a matched healthy control group (n = 63), classmates of the index cases. Malnutrition effects, adjusted for childhood standard of living, were estimated by longitudinal multiple regression analyses, with and without childhood IQ, in the models. RESULTS: PEM predicted poorer socioeconomic outcomes with medium to large effect sizes (0.50-0.94), but childhood IQ substantially attenuated the magnitude of these effects (adjusted effect sizes: 0.17-0.34). The gap in weekly household income between the PEM and control groups increased substantially over the life span (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to severe PEM during the first year of life with adequate nutrition and health care thereafter is associated with significant depression of socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood, mediated in part by cognitive compromise in affected individuals. This finding underscores the potential long-term economic burden of infant malnutrition, which is of major concern given the continued high prevalence of malnutrition worldwide.

Infarto do miocardio apos choque eletrico. Apresentacao de um caso. / Myocardial infarction after electric shock. Report of a case

E relatado o caso de um paciente de 27 anos, sem fatores de risco e antecedentes de coronariopatia na familia, acometido de infarto do miocardio transmural apos eletrocussao acidental. A cinecoronariografia realizada 30 dias apos, mostrou arterias coronarias normais e acinesia antero-apical. Os autores discutem a etiopatogenia, dando enfase a possibilidade de vasoespasmo coronario ou trombose coronaria com recanalizacao