RÉSUMÉ
To examine the association between the amount of sports activity performed during leisure time and gray matter volume (GMV) of the brain we investigated differences in GMV in a large cohort study of community-dwelling older adults. 967 individuals indicated their average weekly sports activity via a questionnaire, and underwent high resolution T1-weighted structural imaging of the brain. We used voxel based morphometry (CAT 12) in a region of interest approach for (1) comparing participants with higher versus lower sports activity (median split) and (2) calculating a linear regression on GMV and sports activity. We carefully corrected for other factors known to have an impact on GMV (sex, age, total brain volume, education, cigarettes and alcohol consumption, body mass index) and excluded pathology (history of psychiatric or neurological disease; visual inspection of brain scans). Those participants who spend more time performing sports activity per week (median split with > 1 h/week) showed higher GMV in the dorsomedial frontal lobe, the superior parietal lobe, and the precuneus/cuneus area. When splitting participants by their median (55.5 years) into two groups we found a stronger protective effect of sports against age related GMV decline for the older part of the cohort. Overall, a more active lifestyle was associated with increased GMV in areas associated with self-awareness and working memory. These cohort data support data on the protective role of sports activity for the GMV.