The Impact of Mindfulness-Based Counseling on the Mental Health of Women With a History of COVID-19 During Pregnancy: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

INTRODUCTION: With the spread of COVID-19, certain population groups, including pregnant women, were more susceptible than others. This disease can lead to postpartum complications, including mental disorders, in mothers. Few studies have investigated the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on mental health, and the most effective counseling approach to promote mental health has not been identified. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the impact of online mindfulness-based counseling on improving mental health among women with a history of COVID-19 during pregnancy in Iran. METHODS: The present study was a quasi-experimental design conducted on 100 women with a history of coronavirus infection during pregnancy referred to the Mother's Clinic of Yahya Nejad and Ayatollah Rouhani Educational-Treatment Hospital, affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran, via convenience sampling. The women were randomly assigned to the intervention (mindfulness-based counseling) and control groups. The intervention group received eight 45-min weekly mindfulness-based counseling sessions over 8 weeks. Data were collected via a demographic information questionnaire and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire before and after the intervention, which were completed by both groups. Independent t-tests and analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) were used to compare the outcomes of the two groups. RESULTS: After controlling for confounding variables, the mean mental health scores before and after counseling were 29.42 ± 4.49 and 19.80 ± 3.88, respectively, in the intervention group and 26.26 ± 2.29 and 25.92 ± 2.15, respectively, in the control group. The mean mental health score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (F = 266.7, p < 0.001). The mean scores for somatic symptoms (F = 89.30, p < 0.001), depression symptoms (F = 142.71, p < 0.001), anxiety and insomnia symptoms (F = 120.56, p < 0.001), and social dysfunction scores (F = 127.77, p < 0.001) were significantly different between the two groups after counseling. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that online mindfulness-based counseling positively affects mental health and its domains during the postpartum period. However, further randomized clinical trials are needed before a definitive conclusion can be drawn. TRIAL REGISTRATION: We were not allowed to register according to the law of our country.

COVID-19 infection after vaccination.

Background: Although vaccination is the most effective and specific approach for prevention of infectious diseases, but in a small percentage of vaccinated person's breakthrough infections can occur. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of different common coronavirus vaccines in this area. Methods: 109 COVID-19 vaccinated patients were enrolled, with different types of vaccines (Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, Sputnic, Bharath, CovIran Barkat and Pasto-CoV) and time of administration in 2021 in Babol, Iran. Patients after 14 days of administration of the final dose of corona vaccines with positive COVID-19 RT-PCR test entered to study. Patients' data such as RT-PCR, type of vaccine, age, sex and outcome were collected using electronic medical records. Results: 47 patients were not fully vaccinated, 62 had two vaccine doses and 51 were fully vaccinated and considered to a breakthrough infection. Although, most of the patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were either mild (n=18 [16.56%]), or moderate (n=86 [78.9%]), 5 (4.6%) patients had severe or critical illness, of whom 3 admitted in intensive care unit, 3 intubated, and 4 died. The average age of the participants with COVID-19 infections was 61.23 ± 19.91 years. Conclusion: Based on our results, the COVID-19 breakthrough occurring with two doses of current vaccines were mild and moderate.

Predictors of quality of professional life and well-being of medical residents and interns: Role of gender and workplace spirituality.

Background and Aims: The well-being of physicians in their professional lives has a major influence on the quality of medical care and patient outcomes. This study explored how Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) and psychological well-being are connected to workplace spirituality (WPS) and demographic factors like age and gender. It also compared the average levels of ProQOL, psychological well-being, and WPS between medical residents and interns. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 230 medical residents and interns completed three questionnaires, including ProQOL, Ryff Scale Psychological Wellbeing-Short Form, and WPS. The data was analysed using Pearson correlation, independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression modeling. Results: Residents and interns had moderate ProQOL levels and higher work spirituality. However, medical residents scored lower in occupational spirituality and compassionate care fulfillment compared to interns while experiencing higher levels of emotional exhaustion and secondary mental strain. Gender disparities were significant, with women scoring higher in compassionate care fulfillment but lower in secondary mental strain. Regression analysis showed that occupational spirituality positively predicted professional, compassionate care fulfillment (B = 0.910, p < 0.001) but negatively predicted emotional exhaustion in both groups. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of understanding factors like gender and work spirituality to enhance the well-being and quality of care provided by medical residents and interns.

Anatomical characteristics of mental foramen and canal: A cone-beam computed tomography analysis.

Background: So far, different studies have endeavored to evaluate the position and dimensions of mental foramen and canal using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with various results. This study aimed to assess the anatomical variations of the mental foramen and canal utilizing CBCT images. Material and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we investigated CBCT scans of 355 patients (710 terminal branches of mental canal and foramen) who were referred to a private dental and maxillofacial radiology center in Babol, during 2020-2022. We recorded different anatomical variations of mental foramina and canals on left (n=355) and right (n=355) mandibles. Results: Most of the mental canals had a distal opening (n=334, 47.0%). The distance between the mental foramen and the lower mandibular border was greater on left mandible (13.92±3.73 mm) than on the right mandible (12.25±3.94 mm) (p<0.001). On left mandible, the vertical diameter of the mental foramen, as well as the distance between the mental foramen and the lower mandibular border, were significantly greater in men than in women. On right mandible, the distance between the mental foramen and the upper alveolar crest edge, as well as the distance between the mental foramen and the lower mandibular border, were significantly greater in men versus women. Finally, on right mandible, the vertical diameter of the mental foramen was significantly greater in subjects aged >45 years compared with those aged ≤45 (p=0.024). Conclusions: There were notable variations in the morphological characteristics of the mental foramen and canal, which should be considered by clinicians. Key words:Mental foramen, mental canal, cone-beam computed tomography.

Comparison of the effect of dydrogesterone and natural micronized progesterone for luteal-phase support in assisted reproductive technology cycles: A single-blind randomized clinical trial study.

Background and Aims: One of the causes of preterm labor and recurrent abortion is progesterone deficiency in the luteal phase. The aim of the study was a comparison of the effect of oral dydrogesterone and vaginal progesterone for luteal-phase support (LPS) in assisted reproductive technology cycles (ART). Methods: This randomized clinical control trial study was conducted on 207 infertile women. Samples were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received a natural micronized vaginal progesterone (MVP) of 400 mg once daily and the second group received dydrogesterone (Duphestone) 20 mg twice daily. Then chemical pregnancy, abortion, and live births were compared in two groups. Results: The results of the study showed that the vaginal form of the drug could increase the chance of pregnancy (positive ß-human chorionic gonadotropin) versus the oral form. According to the results of multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for other variables, the live birth rate in the vaginal group was more than five times that of the oral group (odds ratio = 5.07; 95% confidence interval = 1.24-20.65; p = 0.023). Conclusion: The vaginal form of the progesterone could increase the chance of pregnancy and the outcome of fertility (live birth). Thus, vaginal progesterone is effective for LPS in women undergoing fresh embryo transfer.

Effects of Different Concentrations of Carbamide Peroxide on Color, Surface Roughness, and Hardness of CAD/CAM Dental Ceramics.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the effects of 15% and 20% carbamide peroxide (CP) on color, surface roughness, and hardness of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This in vitro study was conducted on 120 Vita Mark II, Celtra Duo, and Suprinity CAD/CAM ceramic specimens. The ceramic specimens in each group (n = 40) were randomly assigned to two subgroups (n = 20) for polishing and glazing, and their baseline color, surface roughness (Ra), and hardness were assessed. In each subgroup, half of the specimens were exposed to 15% CP, while the other half were exposed to 20% CP. Their color change (ΔE), surface roughness, and hardness were then measured again. Surface roughness, hardness, and color were analyzed sequentially by profilometer, Vickers hardness tester, and spectrophotometer, respectively. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The surface roughness of all groups significantly increased after bleaching treatment (p < 0.05). Surface hardness of all groups decreased after bleaching treatment, but this reduction was only significant in Vita Mark II subgroups (glazed, polished, 15%, and 20% CP). The ΔE was not clinically and visually perceivable in any group. CONCLUSION: The present results revealed that concentration of CP and type of surface treatment affected the surface properties of CAD/CAM ceramics. Type of surface treatment only affected the surface hardness of Vita Mark II ceramics (p < 0.05). Concentration of CP had a significant effect only on polished Vita Mark II.

Distal Forearm Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients.

PURPOSE: Atherosclerotic disease of the forearm arteries can impede the maturation of distal fistulas in diabetic patients. The goal of this study was to look at the maturity of diabetic hemodialysis patients' distal forearm (radiocephalic snuffbox or distal forearm) arteriovenous fistulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with chronic renal failure who were candidates for distal forearm radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula implantation were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Patients' demographic details, underlying disorders, laboratory measurements, vital signs, and information on their surgery were all noted. Patients were checked for fistula development 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and then monthly until 6 months after surgery. Arteriovenous fistula maturation characterized by optimal blood flow, vessel dilation, and structural adaptations. RESULTS: Among 343 patients (56% male, 44% female, mean age: 57.32 ± 12.48 years), hypertension prevailed (81.9%), followed by hyperlipidemia (42.3%) and coronary artery disease history (25.9%). AVFs achieved 58.3% maturation in 64.98 ± 11.05 days; higher BP during creation correlated with successful maturation (17.02 ± 1.46 mmHg vs 13.90 ± 1.93 mmHg, P < .05). No significant statistical difference found in distal forearm arteriovenous fistula maturation between males (57.8%) and females (58.9%) (P > .005). However, 41.7% of AVFs failed in 18.83 ± 17.89 days. Failed AVFs exhibited lower BP during operation and failure (11.75 ± 1.86 mmHg). Kaplan-Meier analysis depicted maturation probabilities over 90 days post-surgery. CONCLUSION: Diabetes and patient sex did not affect the maturation time of distal forearm AVFs in hemodialysis patients. Increased blood pressure during and after surgery correlated with shorter maturation time.

Association between gubernacular canals characteristics and teeth eruption status: a cone-beam computed tomography study.

Background: There have been few studies that have evaluated the imaging characteristics of the gubernacular canal. Additionally, it is important to understand the role of this structure and its relationship with tooth erupt. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between gubernacular canal features and teeth eruption status on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 CBCT images were obtained from patients referred to a maxillofacial radiology clinic in Babol, northern Iran, in 2021. Eruption status (normal, delayed, and impacted) and the presence of the gubernacular canal were recorded. If the gubernacular canal was detected, its opening site in the alveolar crest (buccal, lingual, and central) and its attachment site to the dental follicle (usual, unusual) were further assessed. Results: Gubernacular canal was observed in 133 (88.7%) of the total 150 CBCT images. Also, 41 cases (27.3%) had impacted teeth. The detection rate of the gubernacular canal in the normal, delayed, and impacted eruption of teeth was 92.1% (n=93), 75.0% (n=6), and 82.9% (n=34), respectively (p=0.135). Opening the gubernacular canal in the alveolar crest was not associated with teeth eruption status. Also, unusual attachment sites of the gubernacular canal to dental follicles were mostly seen in abnormal eruptions. Conclusions: According to the findings, observing the presence of the gubernacular canal on CBCT may not help anticipate teeth eruption problems. Key words:Gubernacular canal, Cone-beam computed tomography, Tooth eruption.

Health-promoting lifestyle in mothers with vaginal childbirth and cesarean section in the postpartum period.

BACKGROUND: In the postpartum period, there are numerous changes in the physical and psychological dimensions of women, which reduce the quality of life of women. The aim of this study was to compare the health-promoting lifestyle of mothers with vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery in the postpartum period. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 77 pregnant women who had delivered vaginal or by cesarean section at Shohadaye Behshahr Hospital and were selected based on inclusion criteria. If the women were willing to participate in the study, a demographic questionnaire was completed, and the telephone numbers of the subjects were recorded so that the Porsline health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire could be sent to them. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22 using the T test, chi-square test and Repeated Measure ANOVA. RESULTS: There was no difference in the average score of health-promoting lifestyle and its dimensions between the two groups of vaginal delivery and cesarean section at two and six weeks after delivery. However, in both groups, the total score of health-promoting lifestyle decreased significantly over time (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in health-promoting lifestyle between mothers with vaginal and mothers with cesarean delivery at two weeks and six weeks after delivery. This requires more attention from policy makers to make vaginal childbirth more convenient, and by reducing complications after vaginal childbirth, they can improve women's healthy lifestyles and, in turn, families. Also, it seems that the other variables apart from the method of delivery should be considered, and it is necessary to distinguish these variables such as routine episiotomy in order to prevent the decrease in the level of health-promoting behaviors among women during puerperium period.

The Effect of Warmed Serum on Shivering and Recovery Period of Patients Under General and Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: Postoperative hypothermia followed by shivering is a common phenomenon in patients undergoing surgery under anesthesia, and should be prevented and treated in postoperative patient care units. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of warmed serum injection on postoperative shivering and recovery period of patients operated under general and spinal anesthesia. DESIGN: In this clinical trial, patients to be operated on under general and spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned into two groups of test and control. In the test group, patients received warmed intravenous fluids and blood products. All patients were monitored to record vital signs, incidences of hypothermia and shivering, and recovery period. METHODS: The collected data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance to detect significant differences between groups and significant changes within groups over time. FINDINGS: The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and shivering in the intervention and control groups was (4.7%, 42%), (2.8%, 16.8%), and (6.6%, 43%), respectively. Patients in the intervention group had higher body temperature than the control group (<0.001). Also, patients under spinal anesthesia had higher body temperature than patients under general anesthesia (<0.001). Blood pressure reduction was also significantly higher in the control group than in the intervention group. The patients who received warm intravenous serum, and especially those who had received spinal anesthesia spent less time in the recovery room (<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of warmed intravenous serum increased the patients' core temperature, reduced their postoperative shivering, and shortened their recovery period. Considering the potential risks associated with hypothermia, using such methods for hypothermia prevention can be highly effective in preventing shivering and prolongation of the recovery period and other potential complications. Anesthesia specialists and technicians are therefore encouraged to use this method as a preventive measure.

Microtensile Bond Strength of Different Bonding Agents to Superficial and Deep Dentin in Etch-and-Rinse and Self-Etch Modes.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of etch-and-rinse (E&R), self-etch (SE), and universal adhesives to superficial and deep dentin. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 40 sound third molars were randomly divided into two main groups of superficial and deep dentin. Based on our classification, superficial dentin was right beneath the deepest occlusal groove, and deep dentin was 2mm beneath the deepest occlusal groove. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups (n=20) for application of Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB), Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), and Scotchbond Universal (SBU) in E&R and SE modes along with Charisma Smart composite resin on dentin. The specimens were incubated in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and their µTBS was then measured. The mode of failure was determined under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05). Results: The highest µTBS belonged to the superficial dentin/SBU/E&R group. The µTBS was significantly higher in superficial dentin than deep dentin for all adhesives (P=0.005). There was no significant difference in mode of failure among the groups. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in the present study, type of bonding agent and application mode affected µTBS. In use of universal adhesive, E&R mode can improve µTBS.

Antifungal Effect of Ginger Essential Oil Spray on Candida albicans Adhering to Self-Cure Acrylic Plates.

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ginger essential oil spray for elimination of Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhering to self-cure acrylic plates. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 120 self-cure acrylic discs were contaminated with C. albicans and randomly divided into four main groups: exposure to ginger essential oil, nystatin (positive control), distilled water (negative control), and no exposure. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ginger oil and nystatin was determined by the microdilution test. The stability of C. albicans was determined by culturing the samples of treated acrylic plates and comparing the mean number of remaining colonies. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn test with Bonferroni correction. P<0.05 was considered significant Results: The MIC of ginger essential oil and nystatin was found to be 1560µg/mL and 4µg/mL, respectively. The differences between the mean count of C. albicans colonies before (10175±10730.25) and after the exposure to ginger essential oil (542.86±464.81) and nystatin (257.14±247.67) was statistically significant (P<0.001). The mean number of C. albicans colonies after spraying with nystatin was not significantly different compared with ginger essential oil (P=0.204). The efficacy of nystatin and ginger essential oil at each time was significantly more than distilled water (P<0.001). At 10 and 15min, there was no significant difference between nystatin and ginger essential oil groups (P=0.05). Conclusion: Ginger essential oil spray was found to be a simple and effective method for elimination of C. albicans adhering to acrylic discs.

Effects of adding functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets on physical, mechanical, and anti-biofilm properties of acrylic resin: In vitro- experimental study.

Background: Polymethyl methacrylate resin is widely used in orthodontic treatments. Graphene oxide (GO) has reactive functional groups on its surface that facilitate binding to various materials such as polymers, biomolecules, DNA, and proteins. This study aimed to investigate the impact of adding functionalized GO nanosheets on the physical, mechanical, cytotoxicity, and anti-biofilm properties of acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, fifty samples (for each test) were divided into groups of 10, in the form of acrylic resin discs with concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 weight percentage (wt%) of functionalized GO nanosheets and also the control group. Samples were evaluated in terms of physical properties (surface hardness, surface roughness, compressive strength, fracture toughness, and flexural strength), anti-biofilm properties (On four groups of micro-organisms, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans), and cytotoxicity. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance test, and Tukey post hoc test. The significance level was considered P < 0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed between the different groups with weight percentages of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% nano GO (nGO) and the control group (without nGO) in terms of surface roughness and toughness. However, compressive strength, three-point flexural strength, and surface hardness showed significant differences between the groups. Furthermore, the degree of cytotoxicity increased by increasing the weight percentage of nano-GO. Conclusion: The addition of functionalized nGO in appropriate concentrations to polymethyl methacrylate can improve the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal biofilm properties without changing or increasing their physical and mechanical properties.

Role of Marital Relationship Quality in Emotional Disturbance and Personal Growth of Women with Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a stressful condition that can lead to either emotional disturbance or personal growth. Marital relationship is one of the factors affecting the consequences of infertility. This study aimed to explore the role of marital relationship quality in development of women's personal growth after experiencing infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, 122 infertile women (mean age 28.79 ± 6.3) were invited to complete the survey, including ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, Posttraumatic Growth, Fertility problem inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Inventory Depression. RESULTS: Higher scores of quality of marital relationships were a protective factor against infertility stress and state/ trait anxiety. Additionally, infertility stress was a strong negative predictor of personal growth. Furthermore, infertile women with a high level of marital relationships may have more chances to experience personal growth rather than stress in infertility treatments. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that high quality of marital relationships may provide positive opportunities for women's personal growth after experiencing infertility.

The prevalence and correlation of depression and anxiety with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

Introduction: Depression and anxiety share similar symptoms with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and these conditions are often not diagnosed or overlooked in RA. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression/anxiety in RA and their correlation with RA activity. Material and methods: Rheumatoid arthritis patients who presented at a rheumatology clinic were selected consecutively. The diagnosis of RA was confirmed by the ACR/EULAR criteria, disease activity was assessed by Disease Activity Score based on the 28-joint count (DAS28) and patients with DAS28 > 2.6 were considered to have active RA. The diagnosis of depression and anxiety was made by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The Pearson test was used to determine the correlation between DAS28 and HADS scores. Results: Two-hundred patients (female, 82%) with a mean age of 53.5 ±10.1 years and mean disease duration of 6.6 ±6.8 years were studied. Depression was diagnosed in 27 (13.5%) patients and anxiety in 38 (19%) patients. The DAS28 score correlated positively with depression (r = 0.173, p = 0.014) and anxiety score (r = 0.229, p = 0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for all covariates, age < 40 years and female sex were independently associated with RA activity in patients with depression, with OR = 4.21 (p = 0.002) and OR = 3.56 (p = 0.028) respectively. Conclusions: These findings indicate that depression and anxiety are prevalent in RA and correlate positively with active disease in particular in depressive female patients aged < 40 years.

Sexual Function, Religion, Existential Well-being and Mental Health among Iranian Married Women of Reproductive Age.

The present study investigates the relationship between sexuality and spirituality with mental health among Iranian married women of reproductive age. It was a cross-sectional, correlational study with a sample size of 120 Iranian married women in 2022. Goldberg general health, Female Sexual Function Index, and Paloutzian and Ellison spiritual health questionnaires were used to collect data. The level of spiritual health scale (SWBS) in more than half of the married women was high (50.8%) and 49.2% at the average level. Sexual dysfunction was reported at 43.3%. Sexual function, religious and existential well-being was predictors of mental health and its dimensions. The risk of sexual dysfunction was 3.33-fold higher in people who had an unfavorable level of SWBS (ß = 3.33, CI: 1.558-7.099, P = 0.002) compared to those who had a favorable level of SWBS. Therefore, adhering to sexual health and relying on spirituality are emphasized in preventing mental health problems.

The effect of instructing mothers in attachment behaviors on short-term health outcomes of premature infants in NICU.

BACKGROUND: The birth of a pre-mature infant and subsequent hospitalization and separation from the family can impair maternal and neonatal attachment and quality of maternal care. This study aimed to assess the effect of instructing mothers in attachment behaviors on short-term health outcomes of pre-mature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this quasi experimental study, 80 mothers of pre-mature infants who were admitted to NICUs at two referral health centers in northern Iran were studied in two groups in 2018. Attachment behaviors were taught to mothers in the test group during four consecutive sessions. Mother-infant attachment behaviors were evaluated at both the beginning and the end of this study using a checklist derived from Avant's Maternal Attachment Assessment Strategy. Moreover, infants' short-term health consequences were investigated in two groups. SPSS 18 statistical software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: On average, it took respectively 34.90 ± 12/65 and 31/15 ± 14/35 days for the infants in the control and the intervention group to reach full oral feeding and 38/5 (38/4-42/11) and 37 (31/85-42/14) days to gain the minimum weight required for discharge. Moreover, the mean length of stay for the infants in the control and the intervention group was 41/80 ± 13/86 and 39/02 ± 16/01 days, respectively (P > 0/05). CONCLUSION: Instructing mothers in attachment behaviors clinically improved short-term health-related outcomes. Hence, this intervention is recommended to be incorporated in the care program for mothers with pre-mature infants.

Role of spiritual intelligence and demographic factors as predictors of occupational stress, quality of life and coronavirus anxiety among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM: This study investigated the impact of spiritual intelligence and demographic factors in the prediction of occupational stress, quality of life and coronavirus anxiety among nurses. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was planned. METHODS: The study was conducted among full-time nurses who were employed in two teaching hospitals of Babol city which were referral centres for caring patients infected with COVID-19 from February-May 2021. One hundred and twenty-nine nurses completed five questionnaires including the demographic questions, Quality of life (WHOQOL-BRIF), Occupational Role Questionnaire (ORQ), Spiritual Intelligence and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. RESULTS: The findings revealed that 69% of the nurses experienced moderate occupational stress, moderate quality of life and low coronavirus anxiety. Spiritual intelligence was the only significant negative predictor of occupational stress (ß = -0.517, p = <0.001). The only positive predictor of quality of life was perceived income adequacy. Predicting factors of coronavirus anxiety were the perceived income adequacy as protective (ß = -0.221, p = 0.022) and the number of children as predisposing (ß = 0.401, p = 0.004) factors. These findings should be considered when planning nursing interventions for improvement of occupational stress, quality of life and anxiety especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Subjective well-being predicts Covid-19 risk in the elderly: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Covid-19 is a serious public health concern. Previous studies have shown that although there are concerns about the subjective well-being (SWB) of older people in the Covid period, the link between SWB and the risk of Covid-19 is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the predictive effect of SWB on the Covid-19 risk in the elderly as well as the determinants of SWB. METHODS: This case-control study was performed in the elderly over 60 years of age. The case group consisted of all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and the control group from the same population with no history of COVID-19 matched by age, sex, and place of residence. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and SWB scale of Keyes and Magyarmo to measure emotional, psychological and social well-being. All data were analyzed via SPSS and STATA software. Multiple binary logistic regression was run to predict the probability of Covid-19 risk on the values of total SWB and its three subscales and multiple linear regression to identify SWB determinants. RESULTS: The results showed that increasing one unit in total SWB reduces the risk of Covid-19 by 4% (OR = 0.969, CI = 0.947-0.991, p = 0.006). Emotional well-being with 0.823 had the highest odds ratio for predicting Covid-19 risk, followed by social well-being with an odds ratio of 0.981. Increasing age and education, better economic status, marriage against celibacy, lack of comorbidity, and a better understanding of own health were associated with greater SWB. DISCUSSION: This study provides evidence for the protective effect of SWB on Covid-19 risk. To promote SWB, we need to focus on the elderly with higher financial worries and comorbidities, as well as those with less education, health perception and SWB. Therefore, it will be important for the elderly to determine strategies to improve SWB during the epidemic.

Genetic Diversity, Carbapenem Resistance Genes, and Biofilm Formation in UPEC Isolated from Patients with Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in North of Iran.

Background: Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are associated in patients with urinary catheters alarming rate of emergency status. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular causes of carbapenem resistance among UPEC as well as antimicrobial resistance trends. Additionally, the potential of isolates to produce biofilms, in addition to their clonal and genetic diversity, was investigated. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was accomplished on a collection of 76 non-duplicate UPEC isolates obtained from CAUTIs from May 2021 to September 2021. The modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) test was performed for the detection of carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase activity. Also, the presence of carbapenemase genes was determined using PCR assays. In 96-well microtiter plates, biofilm development was evaluated. ERIC-PCR was used to investigate the clonal and genetic variety of isolates. Results: A total of 76 confirmed UPEC isolates were obtained from patients mentioned to teaching hospitals in Babol, Iran. The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed a high rate of antibiotic resistance against nalidixic acid (81.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80.3%). Among UPEC isolates, 63.2% and 13.2% of UPEC isolates were positive for MBL production. The frequencies of the studied genes are in order of bla NDM (14.5%), bla OXA-23 (2.6%), and bla OXA-48 (2.6%). Forty-two isolates (55.3%) were positive for biofilm formation. ERIC-PCR revealed that UPEC isolates could be categorized into nine clusters A-I and five isolates were categorized as a singleton. Conclusion: The high prevalence of MDR and carbapenemase-producing isolates among the UPEC strain in this investigation is concerning. Moreover, the bla NDM was the most frequent cause of producing metallo-beta-lactamase and carbapenemase. Also, analysis revealed a partial genetic similarity among the studied isolates, indicating that the same UPEC clones may have spread to other hospital units.