Feasibility and outcome of haploidentical SCT in pediatric high-risk hematologic malignancies and Fanconi anemia in Uruguay.

In total, 17 pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies (n=14) and Fanconi anemia (FA) (n=3) underwent haploidentical SCT with T-cell depletion. The patients were conditioned with reduced-intensity regimens, and CYA was used for GVHD prophylaxis. Successful engraftment occurred in 16 patients (94%). One patient failed to achieve a primary engraftment. Another patient rejected the first SCT after 10 weeks and had a successful second transplant. Of all engrafted patients, only one developed severe acute GVHD. Ten patients were alive at a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 5-62 months). The 5-years' OS was 53.8%. The three patients with FA are currently well with full-donor chimerism at 16, 6 and 5 months post transplant, respectively. The OS of 14 patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies was 47.6%. Three patients died as a result of post transplant leukemia relapse. CMV infection, GVHD and organ injury were other causes of mortality. Haploidentical SCT was found to be an alternative feasible treatment in Uruguay for patients who need allogenic transplantation but lack an HLA-identical family donor. It should be considered as an early option in FA patients before transformation or significant exposure to blood products.

Estudio sobre la miocardiopatía hipertrófica: aspectos clínicos, ecocardiográficos, hemodinámicos y angiocardiográficos en una serie de treinta pacientes / Hypertronic mycardiopathy study: clinical, ecocardiographic, ecographic, hemodynamic and angiographic aspects in series of thirty patients

Se hace la descripción clínica de la miocardiopatía hipertrófica en el medio venezolano. El estudio versó sobre los aspecto clínicos, ecocardiográficos, hemodinámicos y angiocardiográficos de esta entidad, el cual fue realizado en una serie de treinta pacientes, observados durante el lapso de 7 años (1978-1985) en nuestro país. El espectro clínico de la afección fue muy amplio, el cual abarcó desde formas asintomáticas hasta formas con sintomatología de severidad progresiva. El diagnóstico clínico se fundamentó en una historia clínica sugestiva, a veces de carácter familiar, con una signología en la que sobresalen las alteraciones del pulso, el hallazgo de un choque apexiano anormal (bífido o trífido), el latido presistólico y los soplos relacionados con la obstrucción del tracto de salida y la insufiencia valvular mitral. La enfermedad se caracterizó por un cuadro clínico de evolución progresiva. El diagnóstico clínico fue corroborado por la presencia de dos alteraciones ecocardiográficas significativas: 1) la hipertrofia septal asimétrica, 2) el movimiento sistólico anterior de la valva anterior de la válvula mitral o de ambos. En el estudio hemodinámico por la presencia de un gradiente de presión intraventricular en reposo o provocado y en la angiocardiografía por la constatación de la hipertrofia septal y de los músculos papilares. Se desconoce la prevalencia de la afección en escala mundial y nacional. Es necesario realizar estudios sobre el aspecto familiar y las alteraciones genéticas que presenta la afección en nuestro medio. Los estudios patológicos, realizados en el Instituto de Anatomía Patológica, UCV, han permitido corroborar las alteraciones estructurales características de la afección en el material patológico de nuestro medio

Simultaneous PML/RARalpha and AML1/ETO expression with t(15;17) at onset and relapse with only t(8;21) in an acute promyelocytic leukemia patient.

We report a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia with the common translocation (15;17) and PML-RARAalpha fusion gene. In relapse, blasts showed typical FAB M2 morphologic features, and the karyotype was 45,X, -Y,t(8;21). A reexamination of the leukemic cells at diagnosis revealed that an AML1-ETO fusion gene was also present at that time without cytogenetic evidence of t(8;21). In relapse, only t(8;21) was detected. Two different clones were identified by cytogenetic standard techniques. The association of two common translocations supervening in the same time in the same cells could not be established.

Correlaciones anatomoclínicas en la enfermedad de chagas / Correlation anatomoclínical in the chagas disease

La Miocardiopatía Chagásica Crónica constituye la forma de miocardiopatía dilatada más frecuentemente encontrada en este trabajo el cual se basa en un material de 14.872 necropsias realizadas durante un período de más de 40 años. En las etapas precoces de la fase indeterminada el corazón chagásico puede encontrarse macroscópicamente normal, como es el caso de pacientes fallecidos súbitamente. Luego cabe observar tres tipos de remodelación ventricular en la fase crónica (concéntrica, ambigua y excéntrica) las cuales suministran la base patológica para explicar la secuencia de las manifestaciones clínicas observadas en la fase crónica

Evaluation of hematopoietic progenitors in hematopoietic progenitor cell transplants. CD34+ dose effect in marrow recovery. Retrospective analysis in 38 patients.

Our main goal was to evaluate the CD34+ dose in patients undergoing haemotopoietic stem celltransplantation and its results in terms of recovery of neutrophile and platelet counts, transfusion requirements, days of fever, antibiotic requirements and length of hospital stay. We studied 38 consecutive patients with haematological malignancies transplanted at our Department, from Feb. 96 through Sept. 98. The CD34+ cell quantification technique was standardized, using a modification of the ISAGHE 96 protocol. Patients were sorted into three groups according to the CD34+ count administered: a) between 3 and 5 x 10(6) cells/kg; b) between 5 and 10 x 10(6) cells/kg; c) > 10 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg. As a secondary end point, results were assessed according to the number of aphereses required to arrive at the target count of CD34+, separating those patients that required only 1 or 2 aphereses versus those requiring 3 or more. Finally, an analysis was made of the results of transplantation comparing the different sources of stem cells (PBSC versus PBSC + B.M.). The best results were obtained in the group with cells between 3 and 5 x 10(6) CD34+. No statistically significant advantages were found in the group with cells over 5. The supra-optimal dose of more 10 x 10(6) would yield no additional beneficial results, while they can imply a greater infusion of residual tumor cells. The number of aphereses had no impact on engraftment. Results obtained with PBSC transplants were better than those with BM+PBSC in terms of neutrophile and platelet recovery. The number of CD34+ cells remains the main element in stem cell transplantation to evaluate the haematopoietic recovery after engraftment. Minimum and optimum yields remain unclear. Centers should establish their own optimal dose based on local methodologies and outcomes, maximizing costs and benefits.