Dataset of dual RNA-seq mapping in visceral leishmaniasis: Inquiry on parasite transcripts in human blood transcriptome upon Leishmania infantum infection.

This dataset is related to the article "Insight Into the Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA Coexpression Profile in the Human Blood Transcriptome Upon Leishmania infantum Infection" by S.R. Maruyama, C.A. Fuzo, A.E.R. Oliveira, L.A. Rogerio, N.T. Takamiya, G. Pessenda, E.V. de Melo, A.M. da Silva, A.R. Jesus, V. Carregaro, H.I. Nakaya, R.P. Almeida and J.S. da Silva. Frontiers in Immunology, 2022. Through the reuse of raw sequencing data, we generated original dataset by performing a dual RNA-seq mapping procedure to survey the parasite transcripts found in RNA-seq samples from blood of visceral leishmaniasis patients. Diseased patients with active infection displayed the highest number of reads mapped to L. infantum genome. Even after six months later of the treatment, when the patients were considered cured, parasite reads were still detected. Parasite reads were also detected in asymptomatic individuals. The original dual RNA-seq alignment read count data provided here can be further explored to evaluate either host or parasite transcripts.

Exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide during early stages of development increases insulin sensitivity and causes liver inflammation in adult mice offspring.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pre and postnatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide on glucose metabolism and liver histology in adult F1 mice offspring. METHODS: Female mice (C57Bl/6) received 0.5% of glyphosate (Roundup Original DI®) in drinking water or purified water (Glyphosate Group and Control Group respectively) during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring (F1) were submitted to glucose and insulin tolerance tests and euthanized on postnatal day 150. Body and plasma parameters, and liver histology were analyzed. RESULTS: Exposure to glyphosate reduced maternal body weight gain during pregnancy and lactation, with no impacts on litter size. Pre and postnatal exposure to glyphosate did not affect body parameters but increased glucose tolerance on postnatal day 60. In spite of glucose tolerance normalization by postnatal day 143, this effect was associated with higher insulin sensitivity relative to mice in the Control-F1 Group. Mice in the Glyphosate-F1 Group had mild and moderate lobular inflammation in the liver. CONCLUSION: Maternal exposure to glyphosate affected insulin sensitivity and caused hepatic inflammation in adult F1 mice offspring.

Exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide during early stages of development increases insulin sensitivity and causes liver inflammation in adult mice offspring

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of pre and postnatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide on glucose metabolism and liver histology in adult F1 mice offspring. Methods: Female mice (C57Bl/6) received 0.5% of glyphosate (Roundup Original DI®) in drinking water or purified water (Glyphosate Group and Control Group respectively) during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring (F1) were submitted to glucose and insulin tolerance tests and euthanized on postnatal day 150. Body and plasma parameters, and liver histology were analyzed. Results: Exposure to glyphosate reduced maternal body weight gain during pregnancy and lactation, with no impacts on litter size. Pre and postnatal exposure to glyphosate did not affect body parameters but increased glucose tolerance on postnatal day 60. In spite of glucose tolerance normalization by postnatal day 143, this effect was associated with higher insulin sensitivity relative to mice in the Control-F1 Group. Mice in the Glyphosate-F1 Group had mild and moderate lobular inflammation in the liver. Conclusion: Maternal exposure to glyphosate affected insulin sensitivity and caused hepatic inflammation in adult F1 mice offspring.

Vagotomy and Splenectomy Reduce Insulin Secretion and Interleukin-1ß.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vagotomy, when associated with splenectomy, on adiposity and glucose homeostasis in Wistar rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into 4 groups: vagotomized (VAG), splenectomized (SPL), VAG + SPL, and SHAM. Glucose tolerance tests were performed, and physical and biochemical parameters evaluated. Glucose-induced insulin secretion and protein expression (Glut2/glucokinase) were measured in isolated pancreatic islets. Pancreases were submitted to histological and immunohistochemical analyses, and vagus nerve neural activity was recorded. RESULTS: The vagotomized group presented with reduced body weight, growth, and adiposity; high food intake; reduced plasma glucose and triglyceride levels; and insulin resistance. The association of SPL with the VAG surgery attenuated, or abolished, the effects of VAG and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion and interleukin-1ß area in ß cells, in addition to lowering vagal activity. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of the spleen attenuated or blocked the effects of VAG on adiposity, triglycerides and glucose homeostasis, suggesting a synergistic effect of both on metabolism. The vagus nerve and spleen modulate the presence of interleukin-1ß in ß cells, possibly because of the reduction of glucose-induced insulin secretion, indicating a bidirectional flow between autonomous neural firing and the spleen, with repercussions for the endocrine pancreas.

Non-Hyperbolic Velocity Analysis of Seismic Data from Jequitinhonha Basin, Northeastern Brazil.

Normal moveout (NMO) velocity is used in seismic data processing to correct the data from the moveout effect. This velocity depends on the medium above the reflector and it is estimated from the adjustment of a hyperbolic function that approximates the reflection time. This approximation is reasonable for media formed by isotropic layers. For deeper exploration targets, which effectively behave as anisotropic media, the NMO velocity estimate from the hyperbolic approximation becomes imprecise. One possibility is the use of non-hyperbolic approximations for the reflection time and deeming the medium to be anisotropic. However, these approximations make the NMO velocity estimation a more complex problem, since the anisotropic parameters are unknown. In this study the NMO velocities for a vertical transverse isotropy medium are estimated using two non-hyperbolic reflection time approaches. For comparing the two methodologies that estimate NMO velocity, a 2-D dataset from Jequitinhonha Basin is used and it presents anisotropic behavior. The results show that this approach produces more consistent results than the conventional approach, which ignores the anisotropy of the medium.

Glyphosate-based herbicide exposure during pregnancy and lactation malprograms the male reproductive morphofunction in F1 offspring.

One of the most consumed pesticides in the world is glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide ROUNDUP®. Studies demonstrate that glyphosate can act as an endocrine disruptor and that exposure to this substance at critical periods in the developmental period may program the fetus to induce reproductive damage in adulthood. Our hypothesis is that maternal exposure to glyphosate during pregnancy and lactation in mice will affect the development of male reproductive organs, impairing male fertility during adult life. Female mice consumed 0.5% glyphosate-ROUNDUP® in their drinking water [glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) group] or filtered water [control (CTRL) group] from the fourth day of pregnancy until the end of the lactation period. Male F1 offspring were designated, according to their mother's treatment, as CTRL-F1 and GBH-F1. Female mice that drank glyphosate displayed reduced body weight (BW) gain during gestation, but no alterations in litter size. Although GBH male F1 offspring did not exhibit modifications in BW, they demonstrated delayed testicular descent. Furthermore, at PND150, GBH-F1 mice presented a lower number of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis and reduced epithelial height of the seminiferous epithelium. Notably, intratesticular testosterone concentrations were enhanced in GBH-F1 mice; we show that it is an effect associated with increased plasma and pituitary concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Therefore, data indicate that maternal exposure to glyphosate-ROUNDUP® during pregnancy and lactation may lead to decreased spermatogenesis and disruptions in hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis regulation in F1 offspring.

Maximal expiratory pressure and Valsalva manoeuvre do not produce similar cardiovascular responses in healthy men.

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? This is the first study to evaluate and describe the cardiovascular responses during maximal expiratory pressure compared with the Valsalva manoeuvre, and whether those responses are similar. What is the main finding and its importance? This study showed that the duration of the manoeuvres appears to be responsible for the different physiological mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular responses to each manoeuvre and that the intensity of expiratory effort was related to the response in maximal expiratory pressure. These results are important to identify the risks to which subjects are exposed when performing these manoeuvres. The main purpose of this study was to compare the cardiovascular responses between the Valsalva manoeuvre (VM) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and to evaluate the effect of age on these responses. Twenty-eight healthy men were evaluated and divided into two groups, younger (n = 15, 25 ± 5 years) and middle aged (n = 13, 50 ± 5 years), and they performed the VM and MEP measurement. The VM consisted of an expiratory effort (40 mmHg) against a manometer for 15 s, and the MEP was performed according to American Thoracic Society guidelines. The cardiovascular responses were analysed at rest, isotime (3 s), peak, nadir and recovery, and the cardiovascular variations (Δ) were calculated as peak or isotime minus resting values. For the statistical analysis, we used two-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). We observed that MEP and the VM generate similar changes in cardiac output (P > 0.05), but MEP presents higher values for mean arterial pressure (MAPPeak , MAPIsotime , ΔMAP and ΔMAPIsotime ) than those observed in the VM (P < 0.05). The execution time of the manoeuvres (VM ∼15 s and MEP ∼5 s) appears to be largely responsible for the activation of different physiological mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular control for each manoeuvre, and the intensity of expiratory effort is related to the higher response of MAP and peripheral vascular resistance (PVRIsotime and ΔPVRIsotime ) during MEP (P < 0.05). Moreover, it appears that age affects only the heart rate and PVR responses (P < 0.05), which were higher in the young and middle-aged group, respectively. Based on these findings, we can conclude that MEP and the VM do not generate similar cardiovascular responses, except for cardiac output.