Impact of Hemorrhagic Stroke on Molar Bite Force: A Prospective Study.

Stroke is a neurological deficit of cerebrovascular origin that promotes physical impairments of adult individuals. The present study is aimed to demonstrate whether hemorrhagic stroke affects the maximum molar bite force. The prospective study carried in Centro Universitario Claretiano de Batatais, Brazil, determined the distribution of the sample into two groups: hemorrhagic stroke group (n=18, median age, 62.5 years) and disease-free group (n=18, median age, 62.0 years), with 10 men and 8 women in each group. Subjects were paired one-to-one (age and body mass index). The dynamometer was used to measure the maximum molar bite force (right and left). All analyses were performed with a significance level of 5% (Student's t-test). Differences were found on the right (p=0.048) and left (p=0.042) molar bite force, with lower bite force (both sides) in hemorrhagic stroke group. The study suggests that hemorrhagic stroke negatively affects the maximum molar bite force and necessitates changes in food intake to nutritious and softer consistency foods.

Bite Force, Thickness, and Thermographic Patterns of Masticatory Muscles Post-Hemorrhagic Stroke.

OBJECTIVE: Stroke is a neurological deficit of cerebrovascular origin, considered a 21st-century epidemic that causes functional changes in the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the stomatognathic system of patients after hemorrhagic stroke through the bite force, thickness, and skin temperature in the region of the masseter and temporalis muscles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups: post-hemorrhagic stroke; with right side of the affected body (n = 12) and without the neurological disorder (n = 12). Maximum molar bite force was verified using a digital dynamometer. Muscle thickness was measured using ultrasound images obtained at rest and during maximal voluntary contraction of the masseter and temporalis muscles. Thermographic camera was used to record the thermographic patterns of the masseter and temporalis muscles. Data were subjected to Student's t-test (P < .05). RESULTS: The maximum molar bite force showed significant differences in the right (P = .04) and left (P = .03) sides, with a reduction in force in the post-hemorrhagic stroke group on the affected and unaffected sides. There was a significant difference (P < .05) in the thickness of the left temporal muscle at mandibular rest (P = .01) between groups. The post-hemorrhagic stroke group clinically presented greater muscle thickness in almost 100% of the muscles evaluated in both clinical conditions. There were no significant differences in skin temperature in the masseter and temporal muscles between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest functional changes in the stomatognathic system of subjects after a hemorrhagic stroke, especially concerning molar bite force and masticatory muscle thickness in the temporal muscle (unaffected side).

Functional analysis of lower limbs in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this research was to analyze the functional changes of lower limbs by means of surface electromyography in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. METHODS: A total of 60 men and women (age mean of 36.77 ± 9.33 years) were divided into two groups: 30 individuals with human immunodeficiency virus group (HIVG) Subtype 1 and 30 healthy individuals control group. Muscle activity was evaluated using surface electromyography (sEMG). sEMG measurements were made while the subjects assumed the static positions: Rest in orthostatism (RS), squat "normalization factor," right and left single leg support (RSLS, LSLS) and during functional activities: Right and left single leg step rise (RSLSR, LSLSR), right and left single leg step down (RSLSD, LSLSD), rising and seating on a chair (RC, SC). RESULTS: To sEMG results revealed statistically significant values in the conditions of RSLS to left semitendinosus muscle, for LSLS to right and left semitendinosus, right rectus femoris and right gluteus medius muscles, for LSLSR to right rectus femoris and right tensor fasciae latae muscles, for RSLSD to right and left semitendinosus and right rectus femoris muscles, for RC to right rectus femoris and left gluteus medius muscles and for SC to right semitendinosus, right rectus femoris and right and left gluteus medius muscles. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented changes in lower limb muscle activity.

Functional analysis of the stomatognathic system in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

PURPOSE: To understand the effects of HIV type 1 on the function of the masticatory muscles. METHODS: Sixty individuals were selected from both genders, aged between 22 and 57years (mean 36.77±9.33years), and divided into two groups: Group HIVG, 30 individuals with HIV subtype 1, and Group CG, 30 healthy individuals (control group). The individuals were submitted to assessments of their masticatory muscle activity, biting strength and thickness of the masticatory muscles by means of electromyography, maximal molar bite force and ultrasound imaging, respectively. The resultant data were statistically analyzed by t-tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: The HIVG normalized EMG data from a mandibular rest position, protrusion, right and left laterality movement of the jaw showed that HIVG presented a relative increase in EMG activity compared to the CG. The HIVG had a lower masticatory cycle ability while chewing Parafilm M®, Raisins and Peanuts when compared to CG. During rest conditions, the ultrasound images showed a greater average muscular thickness in the right and left temporal region compared to CG. Upon maximal voluntary contraction, an increased average thickness was seen in the temporalis muscles and left sternocleidomastoid muscle when compared to the CG. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome showed muscular changes related to the stomatognathic system, especially concerning EMG activity and muscle thickness.