Phytochemical investigation and characterisation of methanolic extract of Glycine max seeds using LCMS/MS and in silico studies for wound healing activity.

Soybean is scientifically known as Glycine max. It belongs to the Fabaceae family. It consists of a lot of bioactive phytochemicals like saponin, phenolic acid, flavonoid, sphingolipids and phytosterols. It also owns excellent immune-active effects in the physiological system. Soy and its phytochemicals have been found to have pharmacological properties that include anticancer, antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolaemic, anti-diabetic, oestrogenic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-hypertensive, anti-mutagenic, immunomodulatory, anti-osteoporotic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, goitrogenic anti-skin ageing, wound healing, neuroprotective and anti-photoageing activities. Present study has been designed to set standard pharmacognostical extraction method, complexation of compounds, qualitative evaluation through phytochemical screening, identification by TLC, physicochemical properties, solubility profile, total phenolic, flavonoid content as well as analytical evaluation or characterisation like UV and FT-IR of methanolic extract of G. max. The final observations like physicochemical properties such as total ash value, LOD and pH were recorded. Phytochemical screenings show the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, carbohydrate, tannins, protein, gums and mucilage, fixed oils and fats. The results were found significant. Further in silico studies proved creatinine and euparin to be potent wound healing agents.

Does COVID-19 affect mental health and substance use in young adults?

BACKGROUND: Mental health has been impacted by COVID-19 throughout the United States and beyond. The mental health and well-being were further affected with excessive substance use during the pandemic. The aim of this research was to explore how the COVID-19 affects the mental health of the young adults (18-24 years) in the South Jersey area. We also examined the association between mental health symptoms in young adults and substance use during the first and second year of the pandemic. METHODS AND MATERIAL: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with (n = 711) 527 participants that included young adults (18-24 years old) across university campus in south jersey and in the community cohorts. Multinomial regression analysis and Chi-squared test were used to explore the association between mental symptoms and substance use. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet for descriptive statistics and Python 3.0 scikit-learn package. RESULTS: The study showed that "Lonely" and "Hopeless" were the top two mental health symptoms. It was observed that the symptoms of "Lonely" and "Hopeless" increased for both males and females. In general, males seemed to be affected more than females in this study for mental health symptoms. For substance use, "Nervous" and "Smoking" showed positive correlation in 2020 and "Hopeless" and "Alcohol" were positively correlated in 2021. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults' mental health symptoms and substance use has been proven to be affected through the pandemic and this research results even though localized will assist the community and educational institutions to plan better support to assist young adults with better health and wellness initiatives.

Machine Learning Based Prediction Model for Closed-Loop Small Bowel Obstruction Using Computed Tomography and Clinical Findings.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to develop a prediction model for closed-loop small bowel obstruction integrating computed tomography (CT) and clinical findings. METHODS: The radiology database and surgical reports from 2 suburban teaching hospitals were retrospectively reviewed for patients undergoing surgery for suspected closed-loop small bowel obstruction (CLSBO). Two observers independently reviewed the CT scans for the presence of imaging features of CLSBO, blinded to the surgically confirmed diagnosis and clinical parameters. Random forest analysis was used to train and validate a prediction model for CLSBO, by combining CT and clinical findings, after randomly splitting the sample into 80% training and 20% test subsets. RESULTS: Surgery confirmed CLSBO in 185 of 223 patients with clinically suspected CLSBO. Age greater than 52 years showed 2.82 (95% confidence interval = 1.13-4.77) times higher risk for CLSBO (P = 0.021). Sensitivity/specificity of CT findings included proximal dilatation (97/5%), distal collapse (96/2%), mesenteric edema (94/5%), pneumatosis (1/100%), free air (1/98%), and portal venous gas (0/100%). The random forest model combining imaging/clinical findings yielded an area under receiver operating curve of 0.73 (95% confidence interval = 0.58-0.94), sensitivity of 0.72 (0.55-0.85), specificity of 0.8 (0.28-0.99), and accuracy of 0.73 (0.57-0.85). Prior surgery, age, lactate, whirl sign, U/C-shaped bowel configuration, and fecalization were the most important variables in predicting CLSBO. CONCLUSIONS: A random forest model found clinical factors including prior surgery, age, lactate, and imaging factors including whirl sign, fecalization, and U/C-shaped bowel configuration are helpful in improving the prediction of CLSBO. Individual CT findings in CLSBO had either high sensitivity or specificity, suggesting that accurate diagnosis requires systematic assessment of all CT signs.

The Incidental Renal Mass- Update on Characterization and Management.

Renal masses are commonly encountered on cross-sectional imaging examinations performed for nonrenal indications. Although most can be dismissed as benign cysts, a subset will be either indeterminate or suspicious; in many cases, imaging cannot be used to reliably differentiate between benign and malignant masses. On-going research in defining characteristics of common renal masses on advanced imaging shows promise in offering solutions to this issue. A recent update of the Bosniak classification (used to categorize cystic renal masses) was proposed with the goals of decreasing imaging follow-up in likely benign cystic masses, and therefore avoiding unnecessary surgical resection of such masses.

Pattern of Comorbid Headache Among Children with Epilepsy Treated for Neurocysticercosis.

The present cross-sectional study was designed to describe the pattern of comorbid headache among children with epilepsy (CWE) secondary to neurocysticercosis (NCC). Children aged 6 to 14 y (n = 70) already diagnosed with neurocysticercosis on a minimum follow-up of six months were consecutively enroled in the study over a period of four months. Majority of them were boys [41 (58%)] with a mean (SD) age of 9.8 (3.2) y. Headache was reported by 24 (34.2%) children. Only one child among them qualified the diagnosis of migraine as per International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-3 criteria. The proportion of children with and without headache was comparable among those with active or inactive lesion [p = 0.21]; single or multiple lesions [p = 0.78]; and stages of NCC [p = 0.23]. The proportion of children with headache was similar irrespective of the activity and the number of NCC lesions. This alerts the pediatrician to evaluate the headache and consider migraine among CWE treated for NCC.

Clinical and imaging features indicative of clinically worrisome pneumatosis: key components to identifying proper medical intervention.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine clinical and imaging factors on computed tomography (CT) associated with clinically worrisome pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) that may aid in the decision to provide conservative management or urgent surgical intervention. METHODS: Informed consent was waived in this IRB approved study. Imaging features assessed included the presence, location, and pattern of PI, bowel dilatation, thickening, enhancement, stranding, portal venous (PV) and mesenteric venous gas, mesenteric edema, free air, and ascites. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated 167 patients with CT reports containing the text "PI" between 1/1/11 and 12/31/13. Clinical data collected included serum lactate, malignancy, bowel disease, operative findings, and death during admission. Clinically, worrisome PI was tabulated by summation of surgical diagnosis of dead bowel and/or death during admission. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used when appropriate to compare subjects with benign or worrisome PI for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney test used to compare continuous measures. RESULTS: Clinically, worrisome PI was present in 44 cases. Benign PI was diagnosed in 97 cases, and these patients were followed conservatively. There was a statistically significant association between clinically worrisome PI and imaging features: location in small bowel (p < 0.0001), bowel dilatation (p = 0.0003), stranding (p = 0.0002), bowel enhancement (p = 0.0384), PV gas (p < 0.0001), mesenteric venous gas (p = 0.0141), and moderate mesenteric edema (p = 0.0036). Location of PI in the small bowel exhibited a statistically significant association with benign PI (p < 0.0002). Statistical significance was found between worrisome PI and the following clinical features: elevated serum lactate (p = 0.0003), underlying bowel disease (p = 0.0004), and mechanical cause of bowel obstruction (p = 0.0497). CONCLUSION: CT imaging characteristics and clinical features can help predict clinically worrisome PI and guide crucial management decisions.

Inspiring careers in STEM and healthcare fields through medical simulation embedded in high school science education.

The most effective ways to promote learning and inspire careers related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remain elusive. To address this gap, we reviewed the literature and designed and implemented a high-fidelity, medical simulation-based Harvard Medical School MEDscience course, which was integrated into high school science classes through collaboration between medical school and K-12 faculty. The design was based largely on the literature on concepts and mechanisms of self-efficacy. A structured telephone survey was conducted with 30 program alumni from the inaugural school who were no longer in high school. Near-term effects, enduring effects, contextual considerations, and diffusion and dissemination were queried. Students reported high incoming attitudes toward STEM education and careers, and these attitudes showed before versus after gains (P < .05). Students in this modest sample overwhelmingly attributed elevated and enduring levels of impact on their interest and confidence in pursuing a science or healthcare-related career to the program. Additionally, 63% subsequently took additional science or health courses, 73% participated in a job or educational experience that was science related during high school, and 97% went on to college. Four of every five program graduates cited a health-related college major, and 83% offered their strongest recommendation of the program to others. Further study and evaluation of simulation-based experiences that capitalize on informal, naturalistic learning and promote self-efficacy are warranted.