Effect of blood flow-restrictive resistance training on metabolic disorder and body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study.

Introduction: To explore whether blood flow-restrictive resistance exercise (BFRE) can be used as an alternative strategy to moderate-intensity resistance training (RT) to improve metabolic disorder and body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: This is a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Ninety-eight older adults with T2DM were randomly divided into three groups: BFRE group (n = 34), RT group (n = 31) and control group (n = 33). Two exercise groups received supervised collective training for a period of six months, each lasting 50 min, three times a week. The primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipids, blood pressure, and body composition. The secondary outcome was muscle performance. Results: After six months of intervention, the FPG, HbA1c, blood lipids, diastolic blood pressure, body composition, and muscle performance of the two exercise groups were significantly improved relative to the control group and baseline measurements (P < 0.05). There was no significant increase in lean mass between the two exercise groups compared to the control group and baseline (p > 0.05). There was no significant decrease in systolic blood pressure between the two exercise groups compared to the control group (p > 0.05), but it was significantly lower than their baseline (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in all indicators between the two exercise groups at the baseline, third and sixth months of intervention (p > 0.05). Discussion: BFRE can safely and effectively improve the metabolic disorder and body composition of older adults with T2DM. For elderly exercise beginners, BFRE can be used as an alternative strategy to moderate-intensity resistance training. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=178886, identifier ChiCTR2300074357.

Being a morning man has causal effects on the cerebral cortex: a Mendelian randomization study.

Introduction: Numerous studies have suggested a connection between circadian rhythm and neurological disorders with cognitive and consciousness impairments in humans, yet little evidence stands for a causal relationship between circadian rhythm and the brain cortex. Methods: The top 10,000 morningness-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics were used to filter the instrumental variables. GWAS summary statistics from the ENIGMA Consortium were used to assess the causal relationship between morningness and variates like cortical thickness (TH) or surficial area (SA) on the brain cortex. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and weighted median (WM) were used as the major estimates whereas MR-Egger, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel-plot were used for heterogeneity and pleiotropy detecting. Results: Regionally, morningness decreased SA of the rostral middle frontal gyrus with genomic control (IVW: ß = -24.916 mm, 95% CI: -47.342 mm to -2.490 mm, p = 0.029. WM: ß = -33.208 mm, 95% CI: -61.933 mm to -4.483 mm, p = 0.023. MR Egger: ß < 0) and without genomic control (IVW: ß = -24.581 mm, 95% CI: -47.552 mm to -1.609 mm, p = 0.036. WM: ß = -32.310 mm, 95% CI: -60.717 mm to -3.902 mm, p = 0.026. MR Egger: ß < 0) on a nominal significance, with no heterogeneity or no outliers. Conclusions and implications: Circadian rhythm causally affects the rostral middle frontal gyrus; this sheds new light on the potential use of MRI in disease diagnosis, revealing the significance of circadian rhythm on the progression of disease, and might also suggest a fresh therapeutic approach for disorders related to the rostral middle frontal gyrus-related.

A randomized controlled trial of Baduanjin exercise to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with prediabetes.

To investigate the effectiveness of long-term Baduanjin and aerobic training on the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in prediabetic patients. This study was single-blind randomized controlled trial. A total of 98 participants with prediabetes were randomly divided into three groups: the BDJ (n = 34), AT (n = 32), and control (n = 32) groups. Participants in the BDJ and AT groups underwent one year of supervised group exercise, consisting of 60 min/session every other day. The primary outcomes were metabolic control and the 10-year risk of ASCVD. The secondary outcome was a change in blood glucose status. After the intervention, various metabolic indexes were significantly improved in the two exercise groups relative to the control group and baseline measurements (p < 0.05). Compared with no exercise, BDJ and AT had significant preventive and protective effects against the risk of ASCVD in patients with prediabetes (p < 0.001). The overall effects of the two exercise groups were similar (p > 0.05). Long-term BDJ training can effectively reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its cardiovascular complications in prediabetic patients. The effect of BDJ is similar to that of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.

Sevoflurane alleviates hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury by up-regulating miR-96 and down-regulating FOXO4.

Hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury represents an event characterized by anoxic cell death and an inflammatory response, that can limit the treatment efficacy of liver surgery. Ischaemic preconditioning agents such as sevoflurane (Sevo) have been highlighted to play protective roles in hepatic I/R injury. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the effects associated with Sevo in hepatic I/R injury. Initially, mouse hepatic I/R injury models were established via occlusion of the hepatic portal vein and subsequent reperfusion. The expression of forkhead box protein O4 (FOXO4) was detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis from clinical liver tissue samples obtained from patients who had previously undergone liver transplantation, mouse I/R models and oxygen-deprived hepatocytes. The morphology of the liver tissues was analysed using haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, with apoptosis detected via TUNEL staining. Immunohistochemistry methods were employed to identify the FOXO4-positive cells. Mice with knocked out FOXO4 (FOXO4-KO mice) were subjected to I/R. In this study, we found FOXO4 was highly expressed following hepatic I/R injury. After treatment with Sevo, I/R modelled mice exhibited an alleviated degree of liver injury, fewer apoptotic cells and FOXO4-positive cells. FOXO4 was a target gene of miR-96. Knockdown of FOXO4 could alleviate hepatic I/R injury and decrease cell apoptosis. Taken together, the key observations of our study suggest that Sevo alleviates hepatic I/R injury by means of promoting the expression of miR-96 while inhibiting FOXO4 expression. This study highlights the molecular mechanism mediated by Sevo in hepatic I/R injury.