RÉSUMÉ
In 738 children aged under 5 from three communities in north-east Brazil, nutritional status was assessed by four means-weight for age, height for age, weight for height, and middle upper arm circumference (MUAC). As judged by weight for age, 43% of children were adequately nourished and only 2% were severely malnourished. Stunting (less than 85% height for age) was seen in 8% and wasting (less than 70% weight for height) in 1%. There was poor agreement between MUAC (a measure of wasting) and weight for height when the conventional cut-off points for MUAC were applied. Although agreement improved with new MUAC cut-off points the probability of correct diagnosis of wasting (sensitivity) remained low. Although height for age and weight for height were the most useful measures of nutritional status, MUAC may be the best available in famine victims and refugees.