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Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe diseases in humans and pigs, including meningitis, sepsis, polyserositis, arthritis, and endocarditis. This study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of 19 strains of S. suis isolated from diseased pigs in Hubei Province between 2021 and 2023. Through bioinformatics analysis, we investigated the serotype, MLST, pan-genome characteristics, SNP, AMR, and ICE of the 19 S. suis isolates. Among the 19 S. suis strains, ten serotypes were identified, and serotype 9 was the most prevalent (21.05%). Ten new alleles and nine new sequence types (STs) were discovered, with ST28 and ST243 emerging as the predominant STs. The results of the pan-genomic analysis of S. suis indicate that there are 943 core genes, 2259 shell genes, and 5663 cloud genes. Through SNP evolutionary analysis, we identified a strong genetic similarity between SS31 and the reference genome P1/7. The analysis of antibiotic resistance genes revealed widespread presence of erm(B) and tet(O) genes among 19 strains of S. suis. This association may be linked to the high resistance of S. suis to lincosamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and integrative and mobilizable elements (IMEs) were identified in 16 strains, with a carriage rate of 84.21%, and resistance genes were identified within the ICE/IME elements of 8 strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all strains showed sensitivity to vancomycin and lincomycin but resistance to tilmicosin, tiamulin, amoxicillin, and doxycycline. This study contributes to our understanding of the genomic diversity of S. suis in Hubei Province of China, providing essential data for the comprehensive prevention and control of S. suis infections in China.
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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly pathogenic and rapidly disseminated virus with strong viability in the environment, suggesting the importance of environmental detection for prevention and control in all the pig industry. However, the detection results of environmental swabs cannot always reflect the accurate status of viral pollution, leading to persistent ASFV environmental contamination. In this study, we developed an ASFV eluant with higher environmental ASFV detection efficiency relative to 0.85% saline solution, which obtains the patent certificate issued by the China Intellectual Property Office (patent number:202010976050.9). qPCR analysis showed that in the environmental swab samples, the number of viral copies was 100 times higher for the ASFV eluant treatment than the traditional eluant treatment (0.85% saline solution). And besides, the high sensitivity of the ASFV eluant had be verified in a slaughterhouse environmental sampling detection. In soil samples, the ASFV eluent showed the same extraction effect as the TIANamp Soil DNA Kit, in contrast to no extraction effect for 0.85% saline solution. Simultaneously, this eluent could protect ASFV from degradation and allow the transportation of samples at ambient temperature without refrigeration. In clinical practice, we monitored the environmental contamination condition of the ASFV in a large-scale pig farm. The results shown that the ASFV load decreased after every disinfection in environment. This study provides an effective solution for surveilling the potential threat of ASFV in environment.
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Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) have a certain curative effect on hypoglycemic and neuroprotective effects, but the specific mechanism is unclear and needs to be further explored. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms of LBP in the treatment of ICV-STZ mice model of AD from the perspectives of insulin resistance, IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and synaptic protein expression. We used male C57BL/6J mice injected with STZ (3 mg/kg) in the lateral ventricle as an AD model. After treatment with LBP, the learning and memory abilities of ICV-STZ mice were enhanced, and the pathological changes in brain tissue were alleviated. LBP can regulate the expression of proteins related to the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and thereby reducing Aß deposition and tau protein phosphorylation in the brain of ICV-STZ mice. In addition, LBP also can up-regulate the expression of synaptic proteins. The results indicated that LBP played a neuroprotective role by regulating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT pathway, inhibiting tau protein hyperphosphorylation and improving the expression levels of synapse-related proteins.
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Maladie d'Alzheimer , Médicaments issus de plantes chinoises , Substrats du récepteur à l'insuline , Souris de lignée C57BL , Plasticité neuronale , Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases , Protéines proto-oncogènes c-akt , Transduction du signal , Protéines tau , Animaux , Mâle , Souris , Maladie d'Alzheimer/induit chimiquement , Maladie d'Alzheimer/traitement médicamenteux , Peptides bêta-amyloïdes/métabolisme , Encéphale/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Encéphale/métabolisme , Encéphale/anatomopathologie , Cognition/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Médicaments issus de plantes chinoises/usage thérapeutique , Médicaments issus de plantes chinoises/pharmacologie , Substrats du récepteur à l'insuline/métabolisme , Insulinorésistance , Plasticité neuronale/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Neuroprotecteurs/usage thérapeutique , Neuroprotecteurs/pharmacologie , Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/métabolisme , Phosphorylation/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Protéines proto-oncogènes c-akt/métabolisme , Transduction du signal/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Streptozocine , Synapses/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Protéines tau/métabolismeRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH) of the fetal skull is an extremely rare vascular disease which undergoes proliferation only in utero and progresses with maximal size at birth. RICH can be detected by prenatal imaging but is easily misdiagnosed. CASE REPORT A 28-year-old nulliparous woman was referred at 38 weeks of gestation for routine screening with obstetric ultrasonography. The ultrasonography revealed a female fetus with a previously undetected head tumor (32×22 mm). Certain unusual sonographic features were observed: the lesion was fusiform, with a wide base adjacent to the frontal bone. Tumor growth appeared to be toward the brain parenchyma rather than outwards (ie, toward the skull), which suggested that the mass may have been derived from the skull. The mass may have remained undiagnosed due to its small size or due to the superimposition of the skull in poor quality ultrasound images. On the basis of ultrasound findings, the lesion was diagnosed as an intracranial tumor, but fetal MRI findings led to the suspicion of RICH of the fetal skull. Finally, the patient was followed up until 1 year after birth, by which time the lesion had completely disappeared. CONCLUSIONS Careful evaluation of prenatal ultrasound is necessary to ensure detection of any mass adjacent to the skull, and the ultrasonography technician should carefully examine the features of any suspected mass to diagnose it correctly to avoid affecting the treatment strategy.
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Hémangiome , Tumeurs du crâne , Échographie prénatale , Humains , Femelle , Adulte , Hémangiome/imagerie diagnostique , Hémangiome/congénital , Grossesse , Tumeurs du crâne/imagerie diagnostique , Tumeurs du crâne/congénital , Imagerie par résonance magnétique , Nouveau-néRÉSUMÉ
Malus sieversii is a precious apple germplasm resource. Browning of explants is one of the most important factors limiting the survival rate of plant tissue culture. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the browning degree of different strains of Malus sieversii, we compared the dynamic changes of Malus sieversii and Malus robusta Rehd. during the whole browning process using a multi-group method. A total of 44 048 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome analysis on the DNBSEQ-T7 sequencing platform. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In addition, metabonomic analysis showed that (-)-epicatechin, astragalin, chrysin, irigenin, isoquercitrin, naringenin, neobavaisoflavone and prunin exhibited different degrees of free radical scavenging ability in the tissue culture browning process, and their accumulation in different varieties led to differences in the browning degree among varieties. Comprehensive transcriptome and metabonomics analysis of the data related to flavonoid biosynthesis showed that PAL, 4CL, F3H, CYP73A, CHS, CHI, ANS, DFR and PGT1 were the key genes for flavonoid accumulation during browning. In addition, WGCNA analysis revealed a strong correlation between the known flavonoid structure genes and the selected transcriptional genes. Protein interaction predictions demonstrated that 19 transcription factors (7 MYBs and 12 bHLHs) and 8 flavonoid structural genes had targeted relationships. The results show that the interspecific differential expression of flavonoid genes is the key influencing factor of the difference in browning degree between Malus sieversii and Malus robusta Rehd., providing a theoretical basis for further study on the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Malus , Malus/génétique , Malus/métabolisme , Multi-omique , Flavonoïdes/métabolisme , Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes , Transcriptome , Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétauxRÉSUMÉ
OBJECTIVES: To compare and analyse the differences in the clinical reasoning competence of nurses with different working years and their relationship with self-directed learning competence. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design (online investigation) was used. A total of 376 nurses were recruited from four independent hospitals in China. Online questionnaires collected data on nurses' demographic characteristics and assessed their clinical reasoning and self-directed learning competence. Pearson correlation analysis, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Clinical reasoning competence scores of nurses with working years >10 years were higher than those of other nurses. Self-directed learning competence scores of nurses with working years of <1 year and (from ≥1 year to <3 years) were lower than those of nurses with working years of 6-10 years and >10 years. Self-directed learning competence scores of nurses with working years of 3-5 years were lower than those of nurses with working years of >10 years. There was a positive correlation between clinical reasoning competence, self-directed learning competence and each dimension among nurses of different working years. There are differences in the influence of different dimensions of self-directed learning competence on clinical reasoning competence among different working years. CONCLUSION: There were differences in clinical reasoning and self-directed learning competence among nurses with different working years. Self-directed learning competence is a positive predictor of nurses' clinical reasoning competence, which applied to nurses with all working years; however, the specific effect of self-directed learning competence on clinical reasoning competence differed among nurses with different working years. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGERS: Nursing managers should pay attention to the development characteristics of clinical reasoning competence and self-directed learning competence of nurses with different working years and determine effective intervention strategies according to specific influencing factors.
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Red flesh apple (Malus pumila var. medzwetzkyana Dieck), purple leaf plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrhar f), and purple leaf peach (Prunus persica 'Atropurpurea') are significant ornamental plants within the Rosaceae family. The coloration of their fruits and leaves is crucial in their appearance and nutritional quality. However, qualitative and quantitative studies on flavonoids in the succulent fruits and leaves of multicolored Rosaceae plants are lacking. To unveil the diversity and variety-specificity of flavonoids in these three varieties, we conducted a comparative analysis of flavonoid metabolic components using ultra-high-performance liquid phase mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results revealed the detection of 311 metabolites, including 47 flavonoids, 105 flavonols, 16 chalcones, 37 dihydroflavonoids, 8 dihydroflavonols, 30 anthocyanins, 14 flavonoid carbon glycosides, 23 flavanols, 8 isoflavones, 11 tannins, and 12 proanthocyanidins. Notably, although the purple plum and peach leaves exhibited distinct anthocyanin compounds, paeoniflorin and corythrin glycosides were common but displayed varying glycosylation levels. While the green purple leaf peach fruit (PEF) and red flesh apple leaf (AL) possessed the lowest anthocyanin content, they exhibited the highest total flavonoid content. Conversely, the red flesh apple fruit (AF) displayed the highest anthocyanin content and a diverse range of anthocyanin glycosylation modifications, indicating that anthocyanins predominantly influenced the fruit's color. Purple PLF, PLL, and PEL showcased varying concentrations of anthocyanins, suggesting that their colors result from the co-color interaction between specific types of anthocyanins and secondary metabolites, such as flavonols, flavonoids, and dihydroflavonoids. This study provides novel insights into the variations in tissue metabolites among Rosaceae plants with distinct fruit and leaf colors.
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Malus , Prunus persica , Rosaceae , Anthocyanes/métabolisme , Fruit/métabolisme , Rosaceae/métabolisme , Chromatographie en phase liquide , Spectrométrie de masse en tandem , Feuilles de plante/métabolisme , Flavonoïdes/métabolisme , Malus/métabolisme , Flavonols/métabolisme , Prunus persica/métabolisme , Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétauxRÉSUMÉ
Malus baccata (L.) var. gracilis (Rehd.) has high ornamental value and breeding significance, and comparative chloroplast genome analysis was applied to facilitate genetic breeding for desired traits and resistance and provide insight into the phylogeny of this genus. Using data from whole-genome sequencing, a tetrameric chloroplast genome with a length of 159,992 bp and a total GC content of 36.56% was constructed. The M. baccata var. gracilis chloroplast genome consists of a large single-copy sequence (88,100 bp), a short single-copy region (19,186 bp), and two inverted repeat regions, IRa (26,353 bp) and IRb (26,353 bp). This chloroplast genome contains 112 annotated genes, including 79 protein-coding genes (nine multicopy), 29 tRNA genes (eight multicopy), and four rRNA genes (all multicopy). Calculating the relative synonymous codon usage revealed a total of 32 high-frequency codons, and the codons exhibited a biased usage pattern towards A/U as the ending nucleotide. Interspecific sequence comparison and boundary analysis revealed significant sequence variation in the vast single-copy region, as well as generally similar expansion and contraction of the SSC and IR regions for 10 analyzed Malus species. M. baccata var. gracilis and Malus hupehensis were grouped together into one branch based on phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome sequences. The chloroplast genome of Malus species provides an important foundation for species identification, genetic diversity analysis, and Malus chloroplast genetic engineering. Additionally, the results can facilitate the use of pendant traits to improve apple tree shape.
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Génome de chloroplaste , Malus , Phylogenèse , Amélioration des plantes , Codon/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
@#[摘 要] 目的:探讨扁蒴藤素(Pris)调节Shh/Gli1信号通路对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖、凋亡和血管生成拟态(VM)的影响及其机制。方法:采用MTT法检测不同浓度Pris对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖的抑制作用,以选取合适的干预浓度。将HeLa细胞分为对照组、环巴胺组、Pris组、Pris+pc-NC组和Pris+pc-Shh组。采用MTT法、EdU法检测各组细胞的增殖能力,Transwell小室法、流式细胞术检测各组细胞的迁移及侵袭能力和细胞凋亡率,体外血管生成实验观察VM形成情况,qPCR法检测各组细胞中Shh和Gli1 mRNA表达水平,WB法检测细胞中血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)、血管内皮钙黏素(VE-cadherin)、Ki-67、caspase-3及与Shh/Gli1信号通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果:0.25~2.5 mmol/L的Pris对HeLa细胞增殖均有显著抑制作用,选择1.5 mmol/L的Pris进行后续实验。对照组细胞形成良好的管腔结构,与对照组相比,环巴胺组、Pris组和Pris+pc-NC组HeLa细胞管腔结构被明显破坏,细胞增殖活力和增殖率、迁移及侵袭细胞数目、Shh和Gli1 mRNA、VEGF-A、VE-cadherin、Ki-67、Shh、Gli1蛋白表达均显著降低(均P<0.05),细胞凋亡率和caspase-3表达均显著升高(均P<0.05);环巴胺组与Pris组HeLa细胞各项检测指标比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);与Pris+pc-NC组相比,Pris+pc-Shh组细胞管腔结构形成明显改善,细胞增殖活力和增殖率、迁移及侵袭细胞数、Shh和Gli1 mRNA、VEGF-A、VE-cadherin、Ki-67、Shh、Gli1蛋白表达均显著升高(均P<0.05),细胞凋亡率和caspase-3表达均显著降低(均P<0.05)。结论:Pris抑制宫颈癌HeLa细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭和VM的形成并促进细胞凋亡,可能与阻断Shh/Gli1信号通路有关。
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Background: In nursing care organizations, nurses' social networks affect their behavior and play an important role in nursing practice. This study aimed to explore the relationships among social network degree centrality, job satisfaction, work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design (one-on-one investigation) was used. The study was conducted among 254 nurses working in 10 nursing units in two hospitals in China from November 2019-February 2020. The participants completed a paper questionnaire that measured social network degree centrality, job satisfaction, work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the mediating effects of job satisfaction and work engagement. SPSS 22.0 and Amos 21.0 software were used, and the significance level was set at 5% for all analyses. Results: Social network degree centrality was positively associated with job satisfaction, work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction and work engagement had significant positive relationships with organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, social network degree centrality influenced organizational citizenship behavior through the multiple mediating effects of job satisfaction and work engagement. Conclusions: Improving job satisfaction and work engagement can boost the positive effect of social network degree centrality on OCB.
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Fe2O3 is considered a potential electrode material owing to its high theoretical capacity, low cost, and non-toxic characteristics. However, the significant volume expansion and structural degradation during charging and discharging hinder its application in potassium ion batteries. The electrochemical properties of the electrode material are primarily influenced by the diffusion efficiency of ions and the mechanics of the object. From the construction of a one dimensional structure, a three-dimensional flower-like Fe2O3 with a high specific surface and low-dimensional spherical Fe2O3 were prepared. Considering the convenience and visualization of the research, micron-scale Fe2O3 was prepared, although the larger particle size will lose part of the capacity. Notably, compared with the spherical structure, the specific capacity of the flower structure was increased by about 100%. The von Mises stress distribution on the two structures was simulated by the finite element method, revealing the mechanism of electrode failure induced by volume expansion and confirming the vital role of the multidimensional system in relieving stress concentration and improving electrochemical performance. Furthermore, synchrotron radiation soft X-ray absorption spectrum and X-ray micro-tomography revealed the phase transformation process and reaction mechanism of Fe2O3 in potassium ion batteries. The dimensional structure construction strategy reported here can provide theoretical support for modifying transition metal oxides.
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Background: While previous studies have revealed a positive association between resilience and quality of life in advanced cancer survivors, the mechanisms of the relationship is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationships between resilience, social support, spirituality, and quality of life and determine the multiple mediation effects of social support and spirituality on the relationship between resilience and quality of life. Methods: With 286 advanced cancer survivors, a cross-sectional, correlational survey was adopted using convenience sampling. Resilience, social support, spirituality, and quality of life were evaluated by self-report questionnaires. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the multiple mediation model. Results: The scores for resilience, social support, spirituality and quality of life were positively correlated with one another. Resilience was found to be directly impact quality of life. Meanwhile, the relationship between resilience and quality of life was mediated by social support (effect = 0.067, 95% CI [0.019, 0.120]) and by spirituality (effect = 0.221, 95% CI [0.134, 0.332]), respectively, and by these two serially (effect = 0.036, 95% CI [0.015, 0.067]). Conclusion: Social support and spirituality played multiple mediating roles in the relationship between resilience and quality of life. Interventions aimed at increasing resilience, and then boosting social support and spirituality may be beneficial for promoting quality of life of advanced cancer survivors.
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Survivants du cancer , Tumeurs , Humains , Spiritualité , Qualité de vie , Études transversales , Soutien socialRÉSUMÉ
Background: Cancer caregivers directly affect patient health outcomes. To maintain the function and health of caregivers so that patients can receive efficient care, we must pay more attention to caregivers' quality of life in the process of caring for patients. However, the factors influencing caregivers' quality of life are complex. Aim: To assess caregivers' quality of life in the process of caring for cancer patients and to explore the factors associated with it. Design: This was a descriptive correlational study. A self-report questionnaire was used to anonymously collect data from one Chinese cancer hospital. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp-12), General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC-10), 24-item Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and Caregiver Evaluation Questionnaire were used to measure caregivers' spiritual well-being, self-efficacy, affective well-being, resilience, caregiver burden and quality of life. One-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis H test and multiple regression analysis were applied to measure the factors influencing caregivers' situations. Setting and participants: A total of 315 caregivers of cancer patients were selected by convenience sampling. All participants were invited to complete the questionnaire through a one-on-one approach. Results: The mean score for caregiver quality of life was 204.62 ± 36.61. After controlling for demographic factors, self-efficacy (ß' = 0.265, p < 0.01), resilience (ß' = 0.287, p < 0.01) and positive affect (ß' = 0.103, p < 0.01) were protective factors for caregivers' quality of life. Negative affect (ß' = -0.217, p < 0.01) and caregiver burden (ß' = -0.219, p < 0.01) were negative factors. Notably, not all of these predictors can predict all dimensions of quality of life. Conclusion: Caregivers' quality of life needs to be further improved. The results of this study may provide clues to help identify factors influencing caregivers' quality of life and implement targeted strategies to improve their quality of life.
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Identifying the ecological forces that structure root-associated microbial communities is an essential step toward more sustainable agriculture. Legumes are widely utilized as model plants to study selective forces and their functioning in plant-microbial interactions owing to their ability to establish mutualism with rhizobia. Root nodules act as symbiotic organs to optimize the cost-benefit balance in this mutualistic relationship by modulating the number of nodules. However, it is not known whether the number of nodules is related to the structure of root-associated bacterial communities. Here, the root-associated bacterial communities of soybean grown in native soil by means of soybean cultivars with super- or normal nodulation were investigated across four developmental stages. We compared ecological processes between communities and found decreased relative importance of neutral processes for super-nodulating soybean, although the overall structures resembled those of normal-nodulating soybean. We identified the generalist core bacterial populations in each root-associated compartment, that are shared across root-associated niches, and persist through developmental stages. Within core bacterial species, the relative abundances of bacterial species in the rhizosphere microbiome were linked to host-plant functional traits and can be used to predict these traits from microbes using machine learning algorithms. These findings broaden the comprehensive understanding of the ecological forces and associations of microbiotas in various root-associated compartments and provide novel insights to integrate beneficial plant microbiomes into agricultural production to enhance plant performance.
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BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of more than 5%. Despite extensive research on ADHD in the last 10 to 20 years, effective treat-ments are still lacking. Instead, the concept of ADHD seems to have become broader and more heterogeneous. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD remains challenging for clinicians. AIM: To investigate the effects of a multimodal integrated intervention for children with ADHD. METHODS: Between March 2019 and September 2020, a total of 100 children with ADHD who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital were assessed for eligibility, two of whom revoked their consent. A case-control study was conducted in which the children were equally assigned, using a randomized number table, to either a medication group (methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets and atomoxetine hydrochloride tablets) or a multimodal integrated intervention group (medication + parent training + behavior modification + sensory integration therapy + sand tray therapy), with 49 patients in each group. The clinical endpoint was the efficacy of the different intervention modalities. RESULTS: The two groups of children with ADHD had comparable patient characteristics (P > 0.05). Multimodal integrated intervention resulted in a significantly higher treatment efficacy (91.84%) than medication alone (75.51%) (P < 0.05). Children who received the multimodal integrated intervention showed lower scores in the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale than those treated with medication alone (P < 0.05). The Sensory Integration Scale scores of children in the multimodal integrated intervention group were higher than those of children in the medication group (P < 0.05). Children who received the multimodal integrated intervention had higher compliance and family satisfaction and a lower incidence of adverse events than those treated with medication alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multimodal integrated intervention effectively alleviated symptoms associated with ADHD in children. It enhanced their memory and attention with high safety and parental satisfaction, demonstrating good potential for clinical promotion.
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BACKGROUND: Long-term treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with adverse events, such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and sleep disturbances, and poor maintenance of late ADHD medication compromises treatment outcomes and prolongs the recovery of patients' social functioning. AIM: To evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with ADHD. METHODS: A total of 90 patients diagnosed with ADHD between May 2019 and August 2020 were included in the study and randomly assigned to either the pharmacological group (methylphenidate hydrochloride and tomoxetine hydrochloride) or the non-pharmacological group (parental training, behavior modification, sensory integration therapy, and sand tray therapy), with 45 cases in each group. Outcome measures included treatment compliance, Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV (SNAP-IV) scores, Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) scores, and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) scores. RESULTS: The non-pharmacological interventions resulted in significantly higher compliance in patients (95.56%) compared with medication (71.11%) (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences in SNAP-IV and PSQ scores, in addition to the learning/school, social activities, and adventure activities of the WFIRS scores were observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). Patients with non-pharmacological interventions showed higher WFIRS scores for family, daily life skills, and self-concept than those in the pharmacological group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Non-pharmacological interventions, in contrast to the potential risks of adverse events after long-term medication, improve patient treatment compliance, alleviate patients' behavioral symptoms of attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, and improve their cognitive ability, thereby improving family relationships and patient self-evaluation.
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Objectives: The ADNEX model offered a good diagnostic performance for discriminating adnexal tumors, but research comparing the abilities of the ADNEX model and MRI for characterizing adnexal tumors has not been reported to our knowledge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound-based ADNEX (Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa) model in comparison with that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differentiating benign, borderline and malignant adnexal masses. Methods: This prospective study included 529 women with adnexal masses who underwent assessment via the ADNEX model and subjective MRI analysis before surgical treatment between October 2019 and April 2022 at two hospitals. Postoperative histological diagnosis was considered the gold standard. Results: Among the 529 women, 92 (17.4%) masses were diagnosed histologically as malignant tumors, 67 (12.7%) as borderline tumors, and 370 (69.9%) as benign tumors. For the diagnosis of malignancy, including borderline tumors, overall agreement between the ADNEX model and MRI pre-operation was 84.9%. The sensitivity of the ADNEX model of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.95) was similar to that of MRI (0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.94; P=0.717). However, the ADNEX model had a higher specificity (0.90, 95% CI: 0.87-0.93) than MRI (0.81, 95% CI: 0.77-0.85; P=0.001). The greatest sensitivity (0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99) and specificity (0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.96) were achieved by combining the ADNEX model and subjective MRI assessment. While the total diagnostic accuracy did not differ significantly between the two methods (P=0.059), the ADNEX model showed greater diagnostic accuracy for borderline tumors (P<0.001). Conclusion: The ultrasound-based ADNEX model demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance for adnexal tumors, especially borderline tumors, compared with MRI. Accordingly, we recommend that the ADNEX model, alone or with subjective MRI assessment, should be used for pre-operative assessment of adnexal masses.
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Objectives: This study aimed to compare effects of different hand exercises on improving limb function in patients after transradial cardiac catheterization. Methods: This single-center, randomized clinical trial was conducted from August 20, 2020, to July 20, 2021, at an academic medical center. A total of 102 participants were selected from a Class A tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China and randomized into three groups: finger exercise group (n = 34), acupoint massage group (n = 34), and handgrip exercise group (n = 34). Symptoms of edema and pain were defined as primary outcomes, while skin temperature and degree of bleeding as secondary outcomes, which were monitored and measured 1, 2, and 4 h, after the intervention. Results: Among the 99 participants who completed the process, the palm edema was gradually relieved in the handgrip exercise group at 2 h (H = 6.710, P = 0.035) and 4 h (H = 10.060, P < 0.001) following the intervention. The edema of fingers in the handgrip exercise group was obviously relieved at 2 h (H = 9.353, P < 0.01) and 4 h (H = 10.699, P < 0.001) following the intervention compared with the other two groups. In addition, the pain score at 4 h (H = 7.048, P = 0.029) was clearly decreased in the handgrip exercise group. However, there was no significant difference in the punctured limb's skin temperature (H = 0.922, P = 0.631) and the degree of bleeding (H = 0.123, P = 0.940) among the three groups. Conclusions: We found that handgrip exercise is more effective in reducing the edema of the limbs than finger exercise and acupoint massage.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate spirituality and attitudes toward death among rural and urban elderly. We asked 134 older adults from rural areas and 128 from urban areas to complete a self-administrated questionnaire including the Spiritual Self-assessment Scale and Death Attitude Scale. The fear and anxiety of death, escape acceptance, natural acceptance, approach acceptance, and death avoidance scores of older adults living in rural areas were higher than those living in urban areas. The construction of social infrastructure and medical care should be strengthened in rural areas so as to improve older adults' attitudes toward death.