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Purpose: To evaluate the utilization of novel Avatera system in urological operations according to the IDEAL-D framework recommendations for high-risk invasive surgical devices. Materials and Methods: Three surgeons attempted to perform 23 upper and lower urinary tract operations on human cadavers and in live porcine models using the Avatera system. Total operative time and the duration of the substeps were evaluated. Surgical performance was assessed with the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) score. Suturing was rated using the technical checklist for the assessment of suturing in robotic surgery. Attending surgeons rated their satisfaction with the Avatera system on a scale of 1-5. Results and Limitation: Seventeen out of 18 operations performed on cadavers were completed, while one pyeloplasty was discontinued. All five operations performed in porcine models were completed. Although 1 pig was euthanized on the fifth postoperative day, its symptoms were unrelated to surgery. Mean GEARS and Suturing scores in the upper urinary tract were 29 ± 0.7 and 29.5 ± 0.95, respectively, and in the lower urinary 28.5 ± 1.2 and 29.5 ± 0.5, respectively. Surgeons' satisfaction was high or very high for all procedures. Conclusions: The Avatera system was associated with good surgical performance and high surgeons' satisfaction rates. All urological procedures performed were shown to be feasible, with comparable risks to other robot-assisted surgery systems.
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Interventions chirurgicales robotisées , Robotique , Mâle , Humains , Animaux , Suidae , Prostate/chirurgie , Vessie urinaire , Prostatectomie/méthodes , Interventions chirurgicales robotisées/méthodes , Cadavre , Compétence cliniqueRÉSUMÉ
Background: Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is a challenging procedure that is influenced by a multitude of factors. Objective: To assess the impact of prior surgical experience on perioperative outcomes in RAPN. Design setting and participants: In this retrospective multicenter study, results for 2548 RAPNs performed by 25 surgeons at eight robotic referral centers were analyzed. Perioperative data for all consecutive RAPNs from the start of each individual surgeon's experience were collected, as well as the number of prior open or laparoscopic kidney surgeries, pelvic surgeries (open, laparoscopic, robotic), and other robotic interventions. Intervention: Transperitoneal or retroperitoneal RAPN. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The impact of prior surgical experience on operative time, warm ischemia time (WIT), major complications, and margin, ischemia, complication (MIC) score (negative surgical margins, WIT ≤20 min, no major complications) was assessed via univariate and multivariable regression analyses accounting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists score, PADUA score, and RAPN experience. Results and limitations: BMI, PADUA score, and surgical experience in RAPN had a strong impact on perioperative outcomes. A plateau effect for the learning curve was not observed. Prior laparoscopic kidney surgery significantly reduced the operative time (pâ¯<â¯0.001) and WIT (pâ¯<â¯0.001) and improved the MIC rate (pâ¯=â¯0.022). A greater number of prior robotic pelvic interventions decreased WIT (pâ¯=â¯0.011) and the rate of major complications (pâ¯<â¯0.001) and increased the MIC rate (pâ¯=â¯0.011), while prior experience in open kidney surgery did not. One limitation is the short-term follow-up. Conclusions: Mastering of RAPN is an ongoing learning process. However, prior experience in laparoscopic kidney and robot-assisted pelvic surgery seems to improve perioperative outcomes for surgeons when starting with RAPN, while experience in open surgery might not be crucial. Patient summary: In this multicenter analysis, we found that a high degree of experience in keyhole kidney surgery and robot-assisted pelvic surgery helps surgeons in achieving good initial outcomes when starting robot-assisted kidney surgery.
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Surgical disciplines are affected by an increasing shortage of young doctors. Studies show that formerly interested students decide against a career in surgical disciplines at the end of their studies or during practical year. Measures to counteract this development are urgently needed. As a joint project between gynecology, urology, and general surgery, SOCIUS mentoring was designed to prepare and encourage students for a career in surgical oncology. The structured curriculum of SOCIUS mentoring contains six modules, including surgical skills, soft skills, mentoring, theory, clinical visitation, and congress participation and runs over one year. Effects on confidence towards physician skills and plans for a future career were evaluated with questionnaires. After participation, students reported increased confidence in surgical and soft skills. In addition, participants noted that they have specified their career goals and gained more confidence in surgery, as well as seeing more development potential for a career in surgery. We describe the implementation of a novel extracurricular program for motivated students that combines individual mentoring with surgical and soft skills training. Due to its modular structure, this concept can easily be transferred to other disciplines. SOCIUS mentoring, with its combination of mentoring and skills training, is a promising measure to prepare and motivate students for their surgical career and thus counteract the shortage of young talent.
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Mentorat , Oncologues , Étudiant médecine , Choix de carrière , Programme d'études , HumainsRÉSUMÉ
There is no generally accepted screening strategy for prostate cancer (PCa). From February 2014 to December 2019 a randomized trial (PROBASE) recruited 46 642 men at age 45 to determine the efficacy of risk-adapted prostate-specific antigen-based (PSA) screening, starting at either 45 or 50 years. PSA tests are used to classify participants into a low (<1.5 ng/mL), intermediate (1.5-2.99 ng/mL) or high (≥3 ng/mL) risk group. In cases of confirmed PSA values ≥3 ng/mL participants are recommended a prostate biopsy with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Half of the participants (N = 23 341) were offered PSA screening immediately at age 45; the other half (N = 23 301) were offered digital rectal examination (DRE) with delayed PSA screening at age 50. Of 23 301 participants who accepted baseline PSA testing in the immediate screening arm, 89.2% fell into the low, 9.3% into intermediate, and 1.5% (N = 344) into the high risk group. Repeat PSA measurement confirmed high-risk status for 186 men (0.8%), of whom 120 (64.5%) underwent a biopsy. A total of 48 PCas was detected (overall prevalence 0.2%), of which 15 had International Society of Uropathology (ISUP) grade 1, 29 had ISUP 2 and only 4 had ISUP ≥3 cancers. In the delayed screening arm, 23 194 participants were enrolled and 6537 underwent a DRE with 57 suspicious findings, two of which showed PCa (both ISUP 1; detection rate 0.03%). In conclusion, the prevalence of screen-detected aggressive (ISUP ≥3) PCa in 45-year-old men is very low. DRE did not turn out effective for early detection of PCa.
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Dépistage précoce du cancer , Tumeurs de la prostate , Biopsie , Humains , Mâle , Dépistage de masse/méthodes , Adulte d'âge moyen , Poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) , Antigène spécifique de la prostate , Tumeurs de la prostate/diagnostic , Tumeurs de la prostate/épidémiologie , Tumeurs de la prostate/prévention et contrôleRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: In recent years great improvements in the diagnosis and differentiation of hereditary syndroms with predisposition for kidney cancer have been achieved. It has been assumed that 5-8% of all kidney cancer have a hereditary origin. In reality, this number will probably be much higher as many genetic aspects of kidney cancer are still not entirely known. Hereditary kidney cancer usually shows two characteristic properties: While the median age of diagnosis of sporadic renal cell carcinoma is 64 years, patients with a hereditary tumor predisposition are about 20 years younger at the time of diagnosis. Additionally, their tumors often occur multifocal/bilateral. Therefore, a special management with extended diagnostics is necessary for these young kidney cancer patients. In literature many reports on hereditary syndromes with kidney cancer predisposition exist. Though, these papers usually put their focus on single syndromes rather than on the aspects of kidney cancer. The goal of this article is to present the practicing urologist with a compact overview of the most important hereditary syndromes with kidney cancer predisposition and by this improve the primary diagnostic and treatment of renal cancer patients and their relatives. MATERIAL/METHODS: We conducted a literature search on the five most important hereditary syndromes with kidney cancer association and summarized the results in a chart. Additionally, we formed the acronym ToSCaNA combining the most important extrarenal manifestations of the syndromes. Based on this data, a diagnostic workflow and treatment path was established. RESULTS: All in all, hereditary kidney cancer is a rare entity, which nonetheless could present as a significant number in high-volume centers. For doctors who scarcely get in contact with these types of tumors, the acronym and workflow could pose a valuable asset for their clinical diagnostic portfolio. An early identification and diagnostic work-up of affected patients and their relatives is crucial for appropriate treatment and surveillance and allows the identification/treatment of additionally affected relatives. CONCLUSION: In patients with young age of onset and multifocal/bilateral occurrence of kidney cancer, hereditary syndromes should always be considered. The initial suspicion of a hereditary genesis of the cancer can be further evaluated by the acronym ToSCaNA and the presented workflow.
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Néphrocarcinome , Tumeurs du rein , Syndromes néoplasiques héréditaires , Néphrocarcinome/diagnostic , Néphrocarcinome/génétique , Néphrocarcinome/anatomopathologie , Prédisposition génétique à une maladie/génétique , Humains , Tumeurs du rein/diagnostic , Tumeurs du rein/génétique , Tumeurs du rein/anatomopathologie , Adulte d'âge moyen , Syndromes néoplasiques héréditaires/diagnostic , Syndromes néoplasiques héréditaires/génétique , Syndromes néoplasiques héréditaires/anatomopathologieRÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Partial nephrectomy (PN) has evolved into the surgical standard of care for localized renal lesions. Hemostatic agents (HA) support the surgeon in achieving local hemostasis during PN. We previously reported initial results with the HA Hemopatch® in PN. We now report our experiences with Hemopatch® in a larger and more challenging single-surgeon PN cohort. METHODS: Our study included 45 patients who underwent PN due to suspicious renal lesions between December 2013 and March 2018. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon using the HA Hemopatch®. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters were assessed. RESULTS: Preoperative median tumor diameter was 27 mm. Median PADUA and RENAL nephrometry scores were 7 and 6, respectively. In 13.3% of the cases an additional HA was applied. Intraoperative and postoperative bleeding occurred in 2.2% and 8.9%, respectively. Median total blood loss was 200 ml. Urgent pedicle clamping due to bleeding was necessary in 2 (4.4%) patients. The transfusion rate was 8.9%. There were no conversions. CONCLUSION: We confirmed our initial results demonstrating feasibility and reliability of Hemopatch® during PN. Notably, the cohort consists of selected patients. Prospective randomized studies are needed for comparison of different types of HA with regard to perioperative outcome.
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Hémostatiques , Tumeurs du rein , Chirurgiens , Humains , Tumeurs du rein/chirurgie , Néphrectomie , Oxazolidinones , Complications postopératoires , Études prospectives , Reproductibilité des résultats , Études rétrospectives , Résultat thérapeutiqueRÉSUMÉ
PURPOSE: Despite the introduction of novel targeted therapies on patients with renal cell carcinoma, syn- and metachronous metastases (including hepatic lesions) are observed frequently and significantly influence patient survival. With introduction of targeted therapies as an effective alternative to surgery, therapeutical strategies in stage IV disease must be reevaluated. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 40 patients undergoing hepatic resection of histologically confirmed RCC metastases at our institution between April 1993 and April 2017. RESULTS: The interval between nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma and hepatic metastasectomy was 44.0 months (3.3-278.5). Liver resections of different extents were performed, including multivisceral resections. The median follow-up was 37.8 months (0.5-286.5). Tumor recurrence after resection of hepatic metastases occurred in 19 patients resulting in a median disease-free survival of 16.2 months (0.7-265.1) and a median overall survival of 37.8 months (0.5-286.5). Multivariable analysis identified multivisceral resection as an independent risk factor for disease-free and overall survival (p = 0.043 and p = 0.001, respectively). A longer interval between nephrectomy and hepatic metastasectomy was identified as an independent significant protective factor for overall survival (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing metastasectomy after introduction of sunitinib in Europe in 2006 (n = 15) showed a significantly longer overall survival (45.2 (9.1-111.0) versus 27.5 (0.5-286.52) months in the preceding era; p = 0.038). CONCLUSION: Hepatic metastasectomy, including major and extended resections, on patients with metastasized renal cell carcinoma can be performed safely and may facilitate long-term survival. Due to significant morbidity and increased mortality, multivisceral resections must be weighed against other options, such as targeted therapy.
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Néphrocarcinome/chirurgie , Hépatectomie/méthodes , Tumeurs du rein/anatomopathologie , Tumeurs du foie/chirurgie , Métastasectomie/méthodes , Thérapie moléculaire ciblée , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Antinéoplasiques/administration et posologie , Néphrocarcinome/traitement médicamenteux , Néphrocarcinome/secondaire , Femelle , Hépatectomie/mortalité , Humains , Estimation de Kaplan-Meier , Tumeurs du rein/traitement médicamenteux , Tumeurs du rein/chirurgie , Tumeurs du foie/traitement médicamenteux , Tumeurs du foie/secondaire , Mâle , Métastasectomie/mortalité , Adulte d'âge moyen , Modèles théoriques , Néphrectomie , Pronostic , Études rétrospectives , Appréciation des risques , Sunitinib/usage thérapeutiqueRÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Although low sexual desire is 1 of the most common sexual dysfunctions in men, there is a lack of studies investigating associated factors in large, population-based samples of middle-aged men. AIM: To survey the prevalence of low sexual desire in a population-based sample of 45-year-old German men and to evaluate associations with a broad set of factors. METHODS: Data were collected between April 2014-April 2016 within the German Male Sex-Study. Participants were asked to fill out questionnaires about 6 sociodemographic, 5 lifestyle, and 8 psychosocial factors, as well as 6 comorbidities and 4 factors of sexual behavior. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to assess potential explanatory factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We found a notable prevalence of low sexual desire in middle-aged men and detected associations with various factors. RESULTS: 12,646 men were included in the analysis, and prevalence of low sexual desire was 4.7%. In the multiple logistic regression with backward elimination, 8 of 29 factors were left in the final model. Men having ≥2 children, higher frequency of solo-masturbation, perceived importance of sexuality, and higher sexual self-esteem were less likely to have low sexual desire. Premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, and lower urinary tract symptoms were associated with low sexual desire. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Low sexual desire is common in middle-aged men, and associating factors that can potentially be modified should be considered during assessment and treatment of sexual desire disorders. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: The strength of our study is the large, population-based sample of middle-aged men and the broad set of assessed factors. However, because of being part of a prostate cancer screening trial, a recruiting bias is arguable. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that low sexual desire among 45-year-old men is a common sexual dysfunction, with a prevalence of nearly 5% and might be affected by various factors, including sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, as well as comorbidities and sexual behavior. Meissner VH, Schroeter L, Köhn F-M, et al. Factors Associated with Low Sexual Desire in 45-Year-Old Men: Findings from the German Male Sex-Study. J Sex Med 2019;16:981-991.
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Dysfonctionnement érectile/épidémiologie , Libido , Éjaculation précoce/épidémiologie , Comportement sexuel/statistiques et données numériques , Humains , Mode de vie , Modèles logistiques , Symptômes de l'appareil urinaire inférieur/épidémiologie , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Prévalence , Dysfonctionnements sexuels psychogènes/épidémiologie , Sexualité , Enquêtes et questionnairesRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common public health issue with a significant impact on quality of life. The associations between ED and several risk factors have been reported previously. The continuously increasing incidence of these factors is contributing to the increasing prevalence of ED. AIM: To assess ED prevalence and severity in a representative sample of 45-year-old German men and to analyze the association with risk factors (lifestyle risk factors/comorbidities). METHODS: Data were collected within the German Male Sex-Study. Randomly selected 45-year-old men were invited. A total of 10,135 Caucasian, heterosexual, sexually active men were included in this analysis. The self-reported prevalence of ED was assessed using the Erectile Function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function. Risk factors for ED were ascertained using self-report questionnaires. An anamnesis interview and a short physical examination were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: ED prevalence and severity were evaluated in a cross-sectional design. The associations of ED with comorbidities (eg, depression, diabetes, hypertension, lower urinary tract symptoms) and lifestyle factors (ie, smoking, obesity, central obesity, physical inactivity, and poor self-perceived health-status) were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of ED was 25.2% (severe, 3.1%; moderate, 9.2%; mild to moderate, 4.2%; mild, 8.7%). Among the men with ED, 48.8% had moderate or severe symptoms. ED prevalence increased with the number of risk factors, to as high as 68.7% in men with 5-8 risk factors. In multiple logistic regression with backward elimination, the strongest associations with ED were found for depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87), poor self-perceived health status (OR = 1.72), lower urinary tract symptoms (OR = 1.68), and diabetes (OR = 1.38). CONCLUSION: One out of 4 men already had symptoms of ED at age 45. Almost one-half of the men with ED had moderate to severe symptoms. ED was strongly associated with each analyzed risk factor, and the prevalence and severity of ED increased with an increasing number of risk factors. Hallanzy J, Kron M, Goethe VE, et al. Erectile Dysfunction in 45-Year-Old Heterosexual German Men and Associated Lifestyle Risk Factors and Comorbidities: Results From the German Male Sex Study. Sex Med 2019;7:26-34.
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INTRODUCTION: Discordance of various aspects of sexual orientation has been mostly studied in young adults or in small samples of heterosexual men. Studies focusing on concordance and discordance of aspects of sexual orientation in representative samples of middle-aged men including homosexual men are scarce. AIM: To investigate concordant and discordant sexual behavior in 45-year-old German men with a special focus on homosexual identified men. METHODS: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected within the German Male Sex-Study. Participants were 45-year-old Caucasian males from the general population. Men self-reported on sexual identity, sexual experience, and current sexual behavior. Associations between sexual identity, experience, and behavior were analyzed using the chi-square test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Associations of sexual identity with sexual experience and behavior in a community-based sample of men, and discordance of sexual identity and behavior especially in the subgroup of homosexual men. RESULTS: 12,354 men were included in the study. 95.1% (n = 11.749) self-identified as heterosexual, 3.8% (n = 471) as homosexual, and 1.1% (n = 134) as bisexual. Sexual identity was significantly associated with sexual experience and behavior. 85.5% of all men had recently been sexually active, but prevalence of sexual practices varied. In hetero- and bisexuals, vaginal intercourse was the most common sexual practice, whereas oral sex was the most common in homosexuals. A discordance of sexual identity was especially found in homosexual men: 5.5% of homosexuals only had sexual experiences with women, and 10.3% of homosexuals recently had vaginal intercourse. In this latter subgroup, only one-quarter ever had sexual experience with a man, and three-quarters had only engaged in sexual activity with a woman. CONCLUSION: Sexual identity is associated with differences in sexual experience and behavior in German middle-aged men. A considerable proportion of homosexual identified men live a heterosexual life. Goethe VE, Angerer H, Dinkel A, et al. Concordance and Discordance of Sexual Identity, Sexual Experience, and Current Sexual Behavior in 45-Year-Old-Men: Results From the German Male Sex-Study. Sex Med 201;6:282-290.
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INTRODUCTION: Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS), robot-assisted (RA), and retroperitoneoscopic (R) surgery expand the armamentarium of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). As information on the use of these surgical approaches in daily routine is limited, we conducted a survey among German urologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2017, all urology departments in Germany received a questionnaire evaluating practice patterns of MIS in the retroperitoneum. Chi-Square test was performed for statistical analyses. The response rate was 51.1% (162/311) including 23 universities. RESULTS: R adrenalectomy and (partial) nephrectomy are performed by 32.7-40.1% of all departments. Transperitoneal LESS adrenalectomy and nephrectomy are performed by 8.6-11.7%. Retroperitoneal RA adrenalectomy and (partial) nephrectomy are performed by 6.2-13.0%. There was no difference in the R and LESS approach between (non)-university departments. Retroperitoneal RA access is more frequently used in university hospitals (all p < 0.01). If performed, mean counts within the last 12 months were < 5 for R, LESS, and RA adrenalectomy; and < 20 for R, LESS, and RA (partial) nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Our survey provides a detailed insight into MIS in the retroperitoneum in German urology departments. Numbers of adrenalectomies as well as R, transperitoneal LESS and retroperitoneal RA procedures are low. Retroperitoneal RA surgery is more common in universities. Comprehensively, our survey proves that these approaches are not standard approaches yet.
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Surrénalectomie/méthodes , Interventions chirurgicales mini-invasives/méthodes , Néphrectomie/méthodes , Espace rétropéritonéal/chirurgie , Urologie/méthodes , Loi du khi-deux , Allemagne , Humains , Laparoscopie/méthodes , Modèles statistiques , Péritoine/chirurgie , Facteurs de risque , Enquêtes et questionnairesRÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) are the most commonly used biomarkers for early detection of prostate cancer. Despite standardization efforts, many available PSA assays may still produce discordant results. In the present study, we compared four PSA assays calibrated to the WHO standards 96/670 and 96/668 for tPSA and fPSA, respectively. METHODS: Within the scope of the Prostate Cancer Early Detection Study Based on a ''Baseline'' PSA Value in Young Men (PROBASE), we tested tPSA and fPSA in serum samples from 50 patients in the four different PROBASE sites using four WHO-calibrated assays from Roche (Elecsys, Cobas), Beckman-Coulter (Access-II) and Siemens (ADVIA Centaur). The comparison was performed using the Passing-Bablok regression method. RESULTS: Compared to Access, the median tPSA levels for Centaur, Elecsys, and Cobas were +3%, +11%-20%, and +17%-23%, respectively, while for median fPSA levels the differences for Centaur, Elecsys, and Cobas were +49%, +29%-31%, and +22%, respectively. DISCUSSION: Despite all investigated assays being WHO-calibrated, the Elecsys and Cobas tPSA assays produced considerably higher results than the Access and Centaur assays. Differences in fPSA-recovery between all investigated assays were even more pronounced. When applying the tPSA cutoff of 3.1 µg/L recommended for WHO-calibrated assays, the use of higher calibrated assays may lead to unnecessary prostate biopsies. Conversely, if the historical threshold of 4 µg/L is applied when using WHO-calibrated assays, it could lead to falsely omitted prostate biopsies.
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Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux/sang , Dépistage précoce du cancer , Antigène spécifique de la prostate/sang , Tumeurs de la prostate/sang , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux/classification , Biopsie , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Antigène spécifique de la prostate/classification , Tumeurs de la prostate/anatomopathologie , Normes de référence , Organisation mondiale de la santéRÉSUMÉ
PURPOSE: Prostate biopsy (pbx) is the most common outpatient procedure in urology. Complications are urinary tract infections, including hospitalization and sepsis. Recommendations on antibiotic prophylaxis (apx) are scarce, and healthcare data are not available. The study addressed the following endpoints: the duration and spectrum of antimicrobial prophylaxis in transrectal and transperineal pbx in the hospital and the practice setting. METHODS: A questionnaire compiled data about age, gender, board certification, and place of work. Information about the frequency of pbx, duration and type of apx, usage of disinfecting lubricant, and urine or rectal swab cultures was collected. The study refers to German urologists. RESULTS: Overall 478 urologists answered the questionnaire. 15.5% (74) of respondents were residents. 50.8% (243) of urologists work in a practice; the rest in a hospital. Only 4.8% do not perform pbx. Transrectal pbx are performed a median of two times a week. The majority (446, 98%) prescribe an apx, mostly fluoroquinolones (407, 89.5%). In total, 10.1% (46) of the participants use a single-shot-apx. apx has a median duration of 4 days. One-third uses a disinfecting lubricant. Urine and rectal swab cultures are analyzed by 45.5% (207) and 24.4% (111), respectively. CONCLUSION: Most urologists prescribe an extended apx for both transrectal and transperineal pbx. Perineal pbx is still a deviation from everyday practice and not an established alternative to transrectal pbx. Urologists are aware of the increasing fluoroquinolone-resistance and are adapting with rectal swab and urine cultures. Further studies need to evaluate alternatives to 5-day apx and results should be addressed in our guidelines. This is of importance in light of the increasing resistance rates and fluoroquinolone side effects.
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A range of new treatment options has recently become available for patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone is continued when performing chemotherapy or androgen deprivation with new second-generation therapeutic agents such as enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate. Despite the fact that free testosterone (FT) is the biologically active form, it is common practice that androgen suppression is monitored via total testosterone levels only. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of FT as a prognostic biomarker for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and its feasibility as an ADT monitoring biomarker in patients with mCRPC for the first time. The requirement for continued ADT in mCRPC patients is discussed within the basis of the current literature. A total of 34 patients with continuous measurements of FT levels and mCRPC status underwent therapy with docetaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, cabozantinib, carboplatin or cabazitaxel. Data were obtained from the Departments of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School (Hannover, Germany) between March 2009 and April 2014. A cutoff point of 0.5 pg/ml was used to discriminate between patients according to FT levels. Statistical evaluation of CSS was performed by applying Kaplan Meier survival estimates, multivariate Cox regression analyses and log-rank tests. The median age of all 34 patients was 72 years (range, 51-86 years). The mean follow-up interval was 16.1 months (range, 0.7-55.6 months). Despite the fact that all patients were undergoing androgen deprivation, the mean serum FT levels for each patient varied; the mean FT concentration in the cohort was 0.328 pg/ml, ranging from 0.01-9.1 pg/ml. A notable difference with regard to CSS was observed for patients with regard to serum FT concentration; CSS was significantly longer for patients with a serum FT level below the cutoff level (43.6 vs. 17.3 months, respectively, P=0.0063). Upon multivariate Cox regression analysis, the mean FT concentration during treatment remained a significant prognostic factor for CSS (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.43; P=0.0182). In conclusion, in patients with mCRPC, the serum FT level is a strong predictor of CSS in patients under therapy with second-line anti-hormonal therapeutic medication and chemotherapy. It may be concluded that FT levels should be included into the routine control of androgen suppression while under treatment with ADT and second-generation hormonal therapy.
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There are multiple minimal invasive approaches to remove the adrenal gland. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most up-to-date findings about laparoscopic, retroperitoneoscopic, robot-assisted, and single-site adrenalectomy, and to define the most common approaches to the adrenal gland. RECENT FINDINGS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the gold standard to remove adrenal tumors. New approaches are being explored to outperform the advantages of laparoscopic adrenalectomy. SUMMARY: Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy, when performed by skilled surgeons, offers an alternative to the conventional laparoscopic approach, with better outcome. The robot-assisted and single-site approaches still need further studies to fully identify their roles in adrenalectomy.
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Tumeurs de la surrénale/chirurgie , Surrénalectomie/méthodes , Laparoscopie/méthodes , Interventions chirurgicales mini-invasives , Espace rétropéritonéal/imagerie diagnostique , Interventions chirurgicales robotisées , Tumeurs de la surrénale/anatomopathologie , Surrénalectomie/effets indésirables , Surrénalectomie/tendances , Humains , Positionnement du patient , Sélection de patients , Espace rétropéritonéal/chirurgie , Robotique , Résultat thérapeutiqueRÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Recent evidence from histology studies regarding random prostate biopsies hint toward a relationship between higher biopsy Gleason score and the development of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, prostate biopsy underestimates final pathology in about one-third of patients. We evaluated the final whole gland pathology from radical prostatectomy exclusively in order to assess the true risk of progressing to the mCRPC state for patients with confirmed Gleason ≤6 prostate cancer. METHODS: Patients with confirmed mCRPC from our outpatient clinic were retrospectively evaluated with regard to whole gland pathology and the occurrence of Gleason 6 histology from 1995 to 2015. Conversely, patients with confirmed Gleason 6 pathology from our institutional database were followed up for the development of mCRPC from 2001 to 2015. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log rank test were applied for survival analysis. The binomial test was used to evaluate occurrence rates of Gleason ≤6 pathologies in mCRPC patients. RESULTS: Out of 62 patients with mCRPC none had confirmed Gleason 6 pathology on whole gland histology of the prostate. Out of 86 patients with confirmed Gleason 6 pathology none developed an mCRPC over the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The development of mCRPC in patients with true Gleason 6 pathology is very rare and could not be confirmed in our series. This finding may have important implications in future treatment planning.
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Tumeurs prostatiques résistantes à la castration/anatomopathologie , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Biopsie , Humains , Incidence , Estimation de Kaplan-Meier , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Grading des tumeurs , Métastase tumorale , Antigène spécifique de la prostate , Études rétrospectives , RisqueRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Fresh tissue is mandatory to perform high-quality translation studies. Several models for tissue extraction from prostatectomy specimens without guidance by frozen sections are already introduced. However, little is known about the sampling efficacy of these models, which should provide representative tissue in adequate volumes, account for multifocality and heterogeneity of tumor, not violate the routine final pathological examination, and perform quickly without frozen section-based histological control. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sampling efficacy of the existing tissue extraction models without guidance by frozen sections ("blind") and to develop an optimized model for tissue extraction. METHODS: Five hundred thirty-three electronic maps of the tumor distribution in prostates from a single-center cohort of the patients subjected to radical prostatectomy were used for analysis. Six available models were evaluated in silico for their sampling efficacy. Additionally, a novel model achieving the best sampling efficacy was developed. RESULTS: The available models showed high efficacies for sampling "any part" from the tumor (up to 100%), but were uniformly low in efficacy to sample all tumor foci from the specimens (with the best technique sampling only 51.6% of the all tumor foci). The novel 4-level extraction model achieved a sampling efficacy of 93.1% for all tumor foci. CONCLUSIONS: The existing "blind" tissue extraction models from prostatectomy specimens without frozen sections control are suitable to target tumor tissues but these tissues do not represent the whole tumor. The novel 4-level model provides the highest sampling efficacy and a promising potential for integration into routine. Prostate 77: 396-405, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Biobanques , Prostatectomie/méthodes , Tumeurs de la prostate/anatomopathologie , Manipulation d'échantillons/méthodes , Biobanques/normes , Études de cohortes , Coupes minces congelées/méthodes , Coupes minces congelées/normes , Humains , Mâle , Prostatectomie/normes , Méthode en simple aveugle , Manipulation d'échantillons/normesRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: To assess safety, pathologic response rate, and long-term oncologic outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy using reduced-dose docetaxel without androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer (PCa) patients of intermediate- and high-risk groups. METHODS: Forty-four patients with PCa (PSA > 10 ng/ml, Gleason score 7 or more, or clinical stage cT2c or more) were included with a median follow-up of 11.4 years after RP. One group (NCT/RP) received neoadjuvant treatment 3-weekly with docetaxel (36 mg/m(2) for up to six cycles, 21 patients), the other (control) group (RP, 23 patients) received RP only. RESULTS: Toxicities were mild with grade 3 events not exceeding 10%. A statistically significant reduction of PSA > 50% post-chemotherapy was observed in 52.4% cases. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was 90% in the NCT/RP group and 60.9% in the RP group (P = 0.042). The biochemical recurrence-free survival was 68.5% in the NCT/RP and 37.7% in the RP groups; overall survival was 75.5% and 54.6%, respectively (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before RP in a selected regimen and dose represents a safe strategy and results in benefits in CSS. Given the limitations of the study, this concept should be evaluated in large, prospective, controlled studies. Prostate 76: 1345-1352, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sujet(s)
Antinéoplasiques/administration et posologie , Prostatectomie , Tumeurs de la prostate/traitement médicamenteux , Tumeurs de la prostate/chirurgie , Taxoïdes/administration et posologie , Sujet âgé , Association thérapeutique , Docetaxel , Relation dose-effet des médicaments , Études de faisabilité , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Traitement néoadjuvant , Tumeurs de la prostate/anatomopathologie , Résultat thérapeutiqueRÉSUMÉ
Aim To analyze clinical data from male patients treated with urethrotomy and to develop a clinical decision algorithm. Materials and methods Two large cohorts of male patients with urethral strictures were included in this retrospective study, historical (1985-1995, n=491) and modern cohorts (1996-2006, n=470). All patients were treated with repeated internal urethrotomies (up to 9 sessions). Clinical outcomes were analyzed and systemized as a clinical decision algorithm. Results The overall recurrence rates after the first urethrotomy were 32.4% and 23% in the historical and modern cohorts, respectively. In many patients, the second procedure was also effective with the third procedure also feasible in selected patients. The strictures with a length ≤ 2 cm should be treated according to the initial length. In patients with strictures ≤ 1 cm, the second session could be recommended in all patients, but not with penile strictures, strictures related to transurethral operations or for patients who were 31-50 years of age. The third session could be effective in selected cases of idiopathic bulbar strictures. For strictures with a length of 1-2 cm, a second operation is possible for the solitary low-grade bulbar strictures, given that the age is > 50 years and the etiology is not post-transurethral resection of the prostate. For penile strictures that are 1-2 cm, urethrotomy could be attempted in solitary but not in high-grade strictures. Conclusions We present data on the treatment of urethral strictures with urethrotomy from a single center. Based on the analysis, a clinical decision algorithm was suggested, which could be a reliable basis for everyday clinical practice.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND/AIM: The genetic characterization of prostate tumors is important for personalized therapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of previously described prostate cancer-related genes in the genetic characterization of prostate tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two genes were selected for expression analysis (real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction). One normal prostatic epithelial cell line and three standardized prostate cancer cell lines were used. Twenty-eight patients treated with radical prostatectomy were included in the study. RESULTS: The following genes appeared to be possibly related to the metastatic potential of the tumor: ELOVL fatty acid elongase 7 (ELOVL7), enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2), gastrulation brain homeobox 2 (GBX2), golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1), homeobox C6 (HOXC6), minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (MCM6), marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67), mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1), MYC binding protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (MYCBP2), somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1), topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 170 kDa (TOP2A) and exportin 6 (XPO6). Six genes were differentially expressed in patients with localized and locally advanced cancer (GOLM1, GBX2, XPO6, SSTR1, TOP2A and cell division cycle associated 5, CDCA5) and three genes (HOXC6, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) and MYC binding protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, MYCBP2) in patients with a low vs. high Gleason grade/sum. CONCLUSION: Some of the investigated genes show promising prognostic and classification features, which might be useful in a clinical setting, warranting for further validation.