RÉSUMÉ
Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis infection is among the STDs that are known to increase the risk of HIV infection. The present study aims to determine the seroprevalence of C. trachomatis among HIV positive women in Ilorin and Offa, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria. Methods: Serum samples from 400 HIV positive women attending the HAART Clinic in Offa and the Ilorin General Hospital in Kwara State, Nigeria, were screened using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), utilizing the immunocomb Chlamydia IgG test kit (Calbiotech, El Cajon, CA, USA) to check for the existence of anti-C. trachomatis antibodies. Result: Anti-C. trachomatis antibodies were present in 92 (23.0%) of the 400 HIV positive women samples. There was a higher prevalence among the age group 36-40 years. Hence, age groupings were statistically and significantly associated (p=0.001) with the seroprevalence of C. trachomatis among HIV positive women. Married HIV positive women (60.9%) had the highest prevalence of C. trachomatis, with a statistically significant association (p=0.001). There was a statistically significant association between the number of sexual partner(s) (p=0.001) and the seroprevalence of C. trachomatis among HIV positive women. Conclusions: The high frequency confirms the necessity for comprehensive sexual education among young adults and routine testing for anti-C. trachomatis. It reflects the endemicity of the infection in Ilorin and Offa Kwara State, Nigeria.
RÉSUMÉ
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common bacterial pathogens, often asymptomatically colonizing healthy people, but capable of causing fatal disease. The ability to treat S. aureus infections is limited by the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant strains. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus carriage among students from Okada, Edo State, Nigeria, to analyze the antibiotic resistance patterns and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates. One hundred healthy students from Okada, Nigeria, were tested for nasal colonization by S. aureus. Isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods. The susceptibilities of the isolates to a panel of 22 antimicrobials were tested. spa and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing were performed. The prevalence of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) among the students was 23% and 6%, respectively. Of the six (26.1%; 6/23) MRSA isolates detected, CC88-MRSA-IVa (n = 2) and CC7-MRSA-V (n = 2) were the most frequent clones. The CC7-MRSA-V isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. Overall, resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides was detected among the S. aureus and MRSA isolates. The high prevalence of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible isolates with resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes observed among the students is an alarming finding. This study indicated the circulation of resistant clones of S. aureus in Nigerian educational institutions and the community.