Analysis of international publication trends in artificial intelligence in skin cancer.

Bibliometric methods were used to analyze publications on artificial intelligence in skin cancer from 2010 to 2022, aiming to explore current publication trends and future directions. A comprehensive search using four terms - "artificial intelligence," "machine learning," "deep learning," and "skin cancer" was performed in the Web of Science database for original English-language publications on artificial intelligence in skin cancer from 2010 to 2022. We visually analyzed publication, citation, and coupling information, focusing on authors, countries and regions, publishing journals, institutions, and core keywords. The analysis of 989 publications revealed a consistent year-on-year increase in publications from 2010 to 2022 (0.51% vs. 33.57%). The USA, India, and China emerged as the leading contributors. IEEE Access was identified as the most prolific journal in this area. Key journals and influential authors were highlighted. Examination of the top 10 most cited publications highlights the significant potential of AI in oncology. Co-citation network analysis identified four primary categories of classical literature on AI in skin tumors. Keyword analysis indicated that "melanoma," "classification," and "deep learning" were the most prevalent keywords, suggesting that deep learning for melanoma diagnosis and grading is the current research focus. The term "pigmented skin lesions" showed the strongest burst and longest duration, while "texture" was the latest emerging keyword. AI represents a rapidly growing area of research in skin cancer with the potential to significantly improve skin cancer management. Future research is likely to focus on machine learning and deep learning technologies for screening and diagnostic purposes.

Comparison of primordial germ cell differences at different developmental time points in chickens.

Objective: Recently, the application in the field of germplasm resource conservation has become an important application of primordial germ cells (PGCs). However, due to the lack of deep understanding of the biological characteristics of PGCs at different time points, there is no systematic scheme for the selection of PGCs at which time points in practical application, which affects the practical application effect of PGCs. This study aims to clarify the differences in PGCs during development. Methods: Here, migration experiment, EdU proliferation assay and cell apoptosis assay were conducted to compare the differences in the migration ability, the proliferation ability and the recovery efficiency among female and male PGCs at E3.5, E4.5 and E5.5, which were explained by the following transcriptome sequencing analysis. Results: We found that there were larger differences between female and male PGCs at different embryonic ages, while smaller differences between female and male PGCs at the same embryonic age. Further comparison showed that the cell migration ability of female and male PGCs decreased gradually during development, so female and male PGCs at E3.5 are more suitable for in vitro allotransplantation. At the same time, the proliferation ability of PGCs gradually decreased during development, and cell adhesion and extracellular matrix communication were weakened, indicating that female and male PGCs of E3.5 are more suitable for in vitro long-term culture cell line establishment. Interestingly, female and male PGCs at E5.5 showed strong DNA damage repair ability, thus more suitable for in vitro long-term cryopreservation. Conclusion: This study provides a theoretical basis for systematically selecting PGCs at suitable developmental time points as cell materials for efficient utilization by analyzing the characteristics of female and male PGCs at different developmental time points based on transcriptome.

Ubiquitination plays an important role during the formation of chicken primordial germ cells.

As an important post-translational modification, ubiquitination plays an important role in regulating protein homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. In our previous studies, both the transcriptome and proteome suggested that ubiquitination is involved in the formation of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). Here, affinity enrichment combined with liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to analyze the ubiquitome during the differentiation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to PGCs, and we identify that 724 lysine ubiquitinated sites were up-regulated in 558 proteins and 138 lysine ubiquitinated sites were down-regulated in 109 proteins. Furthermore, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that ubiquitination regulates key proteins to participate in the progression of key events related to PGC formation and the transduction of key signals such as Wnt, MAPK and Insulin signals, followed by the detailed explanation of the specific regulatory mechanism of ubiquitination through the combined proteome and ubiquitome analysis. Moreover, both the activation and inhibition of neddylation were detrimental to the maintenance of the biological characteristics of PGCs, which also verified the importance of ubiquitination. In conclusion, this study provides a global view of the ubiquitome during the formation of PGCs by label-free quantitative ubiquitomics, which lays a theoretical foundation for the formation mechanism and specific application of chicken PGCs.

Role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway involved in self-renewing and maintaining biological properties of chicken primordial germ cells.

Avian primordial germ cells (PGCs) are important culture cells for the production of transgenic chickens and preservation of the genetic resources of endangered species; however, culturing these cells in vitro proves challenging. Although the proliferation of chicken PGCs is dependent on insulin, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the expression of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in PGCs, investigated its effects on PGC self-renewal and biological properties, and identified the underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicated that although supplementation with the PI3K/AKT activator IGF-1 failed to promote proliferation under the assessed culture conditions, the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 resulted in retarded cell proliferation and reduced expression of germ cell-related markers. We further demonstrated that inhibition of PI3K/AKT regulates the cell cycle and promotes apoptosis in PGCs by activating the expression of BAX and inhibiting that of Bcl-2. These findings indicated that the PI3K/AKT pathway is required for cell renewal, apoptosis, and maintenance of the reproductive potential in chicken PGCs. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization and improvement of a culture system for chicken PGCs and provide insights into the self-renewal of vertebrate PGCs as well as potential evolutionary changes in this unique cell population.

Adaptive carrier-phase-noise-canceled LiDAR for range-Doppler imaging beyond hundreds of laser coherence length.

Carrier-phase noise limits both the performance and the maximum operation range of coherent LiDAR. To address this issue, we propose a carrier-phase-noise-canceled LiDAR based on an auxiliary interferometer and adaptive filters. Compared to previous methods, this approach is calibration-free and offers higher compensation accuracy, as well as applicability of dynamic target detection. Experiments of range-Doppler imaging for stationary targets and rotating extended targets have been performed, and the detection results close to the theoretical resolution were obtained at the round trip distance to the target beyond 981 times and 106 times coherence length, respectively.

The Forkhead Box Gene, MaSep1, Negatively Regulates UV- and Thermo-Tolerances and Is Required for Microcycle Conidiation in Metarhizium acridum.

Insect pathogenic fungi have shown great potential in agricultural pest control. Conidiation is crucial for the survival of filamentous fungi, and dispersal occurs through two methods: normal conidiation, where conidia differentiate from mycelium, and microcycle conidiation, which involves conidial budding. The conidiation process is related to cell separation. The forkhead box gene Sep1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe plays a crucial role in cell separation. Nevertheless, the function of Sep1 has not been clarified in filamentous fungi. Here, MaSep1, the homolog of Sep1 in Metarhizium acridum, was identified and subjected to functional analysis. The findings revealed that conidial germination of the MaSep1-deletion strain (ΔMaSep1) was accelerated and the time for 50% germination rate of conidial was shortened by 1 h, while the conidial production of ΔMaSep1 was considerably reduced. The resistances to heat shock and UV-B irradiation of ΔMaSep1 were enhanced, and the expression of some genes involved in DNA damage repair and heat shock response was significantly increased in ΔMaSep1. The disruption of MaSep1 had no effect on the virulence of M. acridum. Interestingly, ΔMaSep1 conducted the normal conidiation on the microcycle conidiation medium, SYA. Furthermore, 127 DEGs were identified by RNA-Seq between the wild-type and ΔMaSep1 strains during microcycle conidiation, proving that MaSep1 mediated the conidiation pattern shift by governing some genes associated with conidiation, cell division, and cell wall formation.

Design, synthesis, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α inhibitory activity evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives containing a thiazole moiety.

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway has been implicated in tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. Therefore, the inhibition of this pathway is an important therapeutic target for cancer. Here, three series of panaxadiol derivatives containing a thiazole moiety (5a-l, 7a-i, and 9a-i) were synthesized and evaluated for HIF-1α inhibitory activity using a Hep3B cell-based luciferase reporter assay. Compounds 5d and 7b showed the strongest inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 17.37 and 6.42 µM, respectively, and did not show any significant cytotoxicity. Western blot assay results indicated that these two compounds exhibited more potent inhibition, compared with panaxadiol, of the expression of HIF-1α protein in Hep3B cells at a concentration of 50 µM. Molecular docking experiments were also performed to investigate the structure-activity relationship.

Enhancing the ophthalmic AI assessment with a fundus image quality classifier using local and global attention mechanisms.

Background: The assessment of image quality (IQA) plays a pivotal role in the realm of image-based computer-aided diagnosis techniques, with fundus imaging standing as the primary method for the screening and diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases. Conventional studies on fundus IQA tend to rely on simplistic datasets for evaluation, predominantly focusing on either local or global information, rather than a synthesis of both. Moreover, the interpretability of these studies often lacks compelling evidence. In order to address these issues, this study introduces the Local and Global Attention Aggregated Deep Neural Network (LGAANet), an innovative approach that integrates both local and global information for enhanced analysis. Methods: The LGAANet was developed and validated using a Multi-Source Heterogeneous Fundus (MSHF) database, encompassing a diverse collection of images. This dataset includes 802 color fundus photography (CFP) images (302 from portable cameras), and 500 ultrawide-field (UWF) images from 904 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and glaucoma, as well as healthy individuals. The assessment of image quality was meticulously carried out by a trio of ophthalmologists, leveraging the human visual system as a benchmark. Furthermore, the model employs attention mechanisms and saliency maps to bolster its interpretability. Results: In testing with the CFP dataset, LGAANet demonstrated remarkable accuracy in three critical dimensions of image quality (illumination, clarity and contrast based on the characteristics of human visual system, and indicates the potential aspects to improve the image quality), recording scores of 0.947, 0.924, and 0.947, respectively. Similarly, when applied to the UWF dataset, the model achieved accuracies of 0.889, 0.913, and 0.923, respectively. These results underscore the efficacy of LGAANet in distinguishing between varying degrees of image quality with high precision. Conclusion: To our knowledge, LGAANet represents the inaugural algorithm trained on an MSHF dataset specifically for fundus IQA, marking a significant milestone in the advancement of computer-aided diagnosis in ophthalmology. This research significantly contributes to the field, offering a novel methodology for the assessment and interpretation of fundus images in the detection and diagnosis of ocular diseases.

Comparative study of PGCs cultivation systems HiS and FAcs: a transcriptomic and cellular biology perspective.

In chicken, primordial germ cells (PGC) are crucial for the preservation and manipulation of genetic resources in poultry production. The HiS and FAcs culture systems are two important methods for the in vitro cultivation of chicken PGCs. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the two cultivation systems for PGCs (His and FAcs culture systems) to assess their efficacy and applicability in supporting PGC growth, maintaining PGC characteristics, and lineage transmission ability. The study found that both HiS and FAcs culture systems could maintain the basic biological characteristics of chicken PGCs, including the simultaneous expression of pluripotency and reproductive marker genes, as well as the presence of abundant glycogen granules. Subsequently, we identified 2,145 differentially expressed genes (DEG) through RNA sequencing. GO and KEGG analysis revealed a large number of DEGs enriched in the cell adhesion and calcium ion binding pathways, and the analysis found that these genes maintained a higher level in HiS-PGCs. Further personalized analysis found that the regulatory genes for maintaining PGC pluripotency were highly expressed in HiS-PGCs, while germ cell-related genes showed similar expression in both systems. Additionally, through RNA sequencing data and cell proliferation ability, it was found that PGCs in the FAcs system had a higher proliferation rate and a faster cell cycle. Finally, it was discovered that the expression of cell migration-related genes was maintained at a higher level in HiS-PGCs, but the migration efficiency of HiS-PGCs did not show a significant difference compared to FAcs-PGCs. These results suggest that both HiS and FAcs culture systems can maintain the proliferation and basic characteristics of chicken PGCs, but differences exist in cell proliferation, pluripotency regulation, and cell adhesion. These findings provide new information for optimizing PGC cultivation systems and are important for the preservation and genetic improvement of chicken PGCs.

Iron-catalyzed C-7 Selective NH2 Amination of Indoles.

7-Aminoindoles are important synthetic intermediates to a broad range of bioactive molecules. Transition metal-catalyzed directed C-H amination is among the most straightforward route for their synthesis, whereas methods that could directly incorporate an NH2 group in a highly selective manner remains elusive. Moreover, there is still high demand for the development of earth-abundant metal catalysis for such attractive reactivity. We present here the first C-7 selective NH2 amination of indoles through a directed homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) with iron-aminyl radical. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope, tolerates variety of functional groups, and is readily scalable with catalyst loading down to 0.1 mol % and turnover number (TON) up to 4500.

Simultaneous efficient removal of tetracycline and mitigation of antibiotic resistance genes enrichment by a modified activated sludge process with static magnetic field.

To address the increasing issue of antibiotic wastewater, this study applied a static magnetic field (SMF) to the activated sludge process to increase the efficiency of tetracycline (TC) removal from swine wastewater and to reveal its enhanced mechanisms. The results demonstrated that the SMF-modified activated sludge process could achieve almost complete TC removal at sludge loading rates of 0.3 mg TC/g MLSS/d. Analysis of zeta potential and extracellular polymeric substances composition of the activated sludge revealed that SMF increased electrostatic interactions between TC and activated sludge and made activated sludge has much more binding sites, finally resulting in the increased TC biosorption. Metagenomic analysis showed that SMF promoted the enrichment of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, TC-degrading bacteria, and aromatic compounds-degrading bacteria; it also enhanced ammonia monooxygenase- and cytochrome P450-mediated TC metabolism while upregulating functional genes associated with oxidase, reductase, and dehydrogenase - all contributing to increased TC biodegradation. Additionally, SMF mitigated the enrichment and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by decreasing the abundance of potential hosts of ARGs and inhibiting the upregulation of genes encoding ABC transporters and putative transposase. Based on these findings, this study demonstrates that magnetic field is an enhancement strategy with great potential to relieve the harmful impacts of the growing antibiotic wastewater problem on human health and the ecosystem.

Automated interpretation of retinal vein occlusion based on fundus fluorescein angiography images using deep learning: A retrospective, multi-center study.

Purpose: Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is the gold standard for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) diagnosis. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based system to diagnose and classify RVO using FFA images, addressing the challenges of time-consuming and variable interpretations by ophthalmologists. Methods: 4028 FFA images of 467 eyes from 463 patients were collected and annotated. Three convolutional neural networks (CNN) models (ResNet50, VGG19, InceptionV3) were trained to generate the label of image quality, eye, location, phase, lesions, diagnosis, and macular involvement. The performance of the models was evaluated by accuracy, precision, recall, F-1 score, the area under the curve, confusion matrix, human-machine comparison, and Clinical validation on three external data sets. Results: The InceptionV3 model outperformed ResNet50 and VGG19 in labeling and interpreting FFA images for RVO diagnosis, achieving 77.63%-96.45% accuracy for basic information labels and 81.72%-96.45% for RVO-relevant labels. The comparison between the best CNN and ophthalmologists showed up to 19% accuracy improvement with the inceptionV3. Conclusion: This study developed a deep learning model capable of automatically multi-label and multi-classification of FFA images for RVO diagnosis. The proposed system is anticipated to serve as a new tool for diagnosing RVO in places short of medical resources.

Deformation-Resistant Underwater Adhesion in a Wide Salinity Range.

Conventional adhesives experience reduced adhesion when exposed to aqueous environments. The development of underwater adhesives capable of forming strong and durable bonds across various wet substrates is crucial in biomedical and engineering domains. Nonetheless, limited emphasis placed on retaining high adhesion strengths in different saline environments, addressing challenges such as elevated osmotic pressure and spontaneous dimensional alterations. Herein, a series of ionogel-based underwater adhesives are developed using a copolymerization approach that incorporates "dynamic complementary cross-linking" networks. Synergistic engineering of building blocks, cross-linking networks, pendant groups and counterions within ionogels ensures their adhesion and cohesion in brine spanning a wide salinity range. A high adhesion strength of ≈3.6 MPa is attained in freshwater. Gratifyingly, steady adhesion strengths exceeding 3.3 MPa are retained in hypersaline solutions with salinity ranging from 50 to 200 g kg-1, delivering one of the best-performing underwater adhesives suitable for diverse saline solutions. A combination of outstanding durability, reliability, deformation resistance, salt tolerance, and self-healing properties showcases the "self-contained" underwater adhesion. This study shines light on the facile fabrication of catechol-free ionogel-based adhesives, not merely boosting adhesion strengths in freshwater, but also broadening their applicability across various saline environments.

Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase F as a prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltrates and mitophagy in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, with unfavorable treatment outcomes. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase F (PPIF) is known to influence the malignancy traits of tumor progression by modulating the bioenergetics and mitochondrial permeability in cancer cells; however, its role in LUAD remains unclear. Our study seeks to investigate the clinical significance, tumor proliferation, and immune regulatory functions of PPIF in LUAD. Methods: The expression of PPIF in LUAD tissues and cells was assessed using bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blotting. Survival curve analysis was conducted to examine the prognostic association between PPIF expression and LUAD. The immunomodulatory role of PPIF in LUAD was assessed through the analysis of PPIF expression and immune cell infiltration. A series of gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted on PPIF to investigate its biological functions in LUAD both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying PPIF's effects on LUAD were delineated through functional enrichment analysis and Western blotting assays. Results: PPIF exhibited overexpression in LUAD tissues compared to normal controls. Survival curve analysis revealed that patients with LUAD exhibiting higher PPIF expression demonstrated decreased overall survival and a shorter progression-free interval. PPIF was implicated in modulating immune cell infiltration, particularly in regulating the T helper 1-T helper 2 cell balance. Functionally, PPIF was discovered to promote tumor cell proliferation and advance cell-cycle progression. Furthermore, PPIF could impede mitophagy by targeting the FOXO3a/PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the prognosis-related gene PPIF may have a significant role in the regulation of LUAD cell proliferation, tumor-associated immune cell infiltration, and mitophagy, and thus PPIF may be a promising therapeutic target of LUAD.

PSME3 promotes lung adenocarcinoma development by regulating the TGF-ß/SMAD signaling pathway.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Proteasome activator subunit 3 (PSME3) is a subunit of a proteasome activator, and changes in PSME3 can lead to the development of many diseases in organisms. However, the specific mechanism of PSME3 in LUAD has not yet been elucidated. This study initially revealed the mechanism of PSME3 promoting the progression of lung adenocarcinoma, which provided a potential molecular target for clinical treatment. Methods: PSME3 expression in LUAD cells and tissues was assessed by bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting (WB), and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A series of functional experiments were used to evaluate the effects of PSME3 knockdown and overexpression on LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The potential mechanism of PSME3 was explored by transcriptome sequencing and WB experiments. Results: In this study, our initial findings indicated that PSME3 expression was abnormally high in LUAD and was associated with poor patient prognosis. Further, we found that the downregulation of PSME3 significantly inhibited LUAD cell proliferation, an effect that was verified by subcutaneous tumor formation experiments in nude mice. Similarly, the rate of invasion and migration of LUAD cells significantly decreased after the downregulation of PSME3. Using flow cytometry, we found that the knockdown of PSME3 caused cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. Through transcriptome sequencing, we found that the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß)/SMAD signaling pathway was closely related to LUAD, and we then validated the pathway using WB assays. Conclusions: We demonstrated that PSME3 was abnormally highly expressed in LUAD and related to poor patient prognosis; therefore, targeting PSME3 in the treatment of LUAD may represent a novel therapeutic approach.

Agreement between Ultra-Short-Term and Standard Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Resting and Post-Exercise Conditions.

BACKGROUND: Short-term (5 min) heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is widely used in assessing autonomic nervous system activity during exercise. While shortening the HRV measurement duration can help improve its application efficiency, its accuracy needs to be verified. This study investigated the agreement between ultra-short-term (UST) HRV (3 or 4 min) and standard 5 min HRV and explored the optimal recording duration under resting and post-exercise conditions. METHODS: Fourteen participants exercised on a cycle ergometer at 60% of their maximum peak power. Data were collected during the rest condition (Pre-E) and three post-exercise conditions (Post-E1, Post-E2, and Post-E3), with indicators of the standard deviation (SDNN) of the ultra-short and short-term RR intervals and the root mean square (RMSSD) of the continuous difference between RR intervals. Repeated measures ANOVA, Cohen's d statistic, Bland-Altman analysis, and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) assessed the agreement between UST-HRV and ST-HRV. RESULTS: The consistency results of SDNN and RMSSD in resting and post-exercise were different. At the Pre-E, Post-E2, and Post-E3 phases, no statistical differences for SDNN and RMSSD were observed, with ICCs surpassing 0.9, indicating a high level of agreement. However, at Post-E2, there was a significant difference between 3 min RMSSD and 5 min RMSSD (p < 0.05), as well as between 3 min SDNN, 4 min SDNN, and 5 min SDNN (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the limits of agreement were observed to decrease as the time duration increased in Bland-Altman plots. CONCLUSIONS: UST-HRV analysis is a reliable substitute for standard 5 min HRV assessment, particularly during resting conditions. For post-exercise measurements, assessing the appropriateness of a 3- or 4 min duration based on the exercise's length is recommended to ensure accuracy and reliability.

DDX5 Can Act as a Transcription Factor Participating in the Formation of Chicken PGCs by Targeting BMP4.

As an RNA binding protein (RBP), DDX5 is widely involved in the regulation of various biological activities. While recent studies have confirmed that DDX5 can act as a transcriptional cofactor that is involved in the formation of gametes, few studies have investigated whether DDX5 can be used as a transcription factor to regulate the formation of primordial germ cells (PGCs). In this study, we found that DDX5 was significantly up-regulated during chicken PGC formation. Under different PGC induction models, the overexpression of DDX5 not only up-regulates PGC markers but also significantly improves the formation efficiency of primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLC). Conversely, the inhibition of DDX5 expression can significantly inhibit both the expression of PGC markers and PGCLC formation efficiency. The effect of DDX5 on PGC formation in vivo was consistent with that seen in vitro. Interestingly, DDX5 not only participates in the formation of PGCs but also positively regulates their migration and proliferation. In the process of studying the mechanism by which DDX5 regulates PGC formation, we found that DDX5 acts as a transcription factor to bind to the promoter region of BMP4-a key gene for PGC formation-and activates the expression of BMP4. In summary, we confirm that DDX5 can act as a positive transcription factor to regulate the formation of PGCs in chickens. The obtained results not only enhance our understanding of the way in which DDX5 regulates the development of germ cells but also provide a new target for systematically optimizing the culture and induction system of PGCs in chickens in vitro.

Identification of Two Potential Gene Insertion Sites for Gene Editing on the Chicken Z/W Chromosomes.

The identification of accurate gene insertion sites on chicken sex chromosomes is crucial for advancing sex control breeding materials. In this study, the intergenic region NC_006127.4 on the chicken Z chromosome and the non-repetitive sequence EE0.6 on the W chromosome were selected as potential gene insertion sites. Gene knockout vectors targeting these sites were constructed and transfected into DF-1 cells. T7E1 enzyme cleavage and luciferase reporter enzyme analyses revealed knockout efficiencies of 80.00% (16/20), 75.00% (15/20), and 75.00% (15/20) for the three sgRNAs targeting the EE0.6 site. For the three sgRNAs targeting the NC_006127.4 site, knockout efficiencies were 70.00% (14/20), 60.00% (12/20), and 45.00% (9/20). Gel electrophoresis and high-throughput sequencing were performed to detect potential off-target effects, showing no significant off-target effects for the knockout vectors at the two sites. EdU and CCK-8 proliferation assays revealed no significant difference in cell proliferation activity between the knockout and control groups. These results demonstrate that the EE0.6 and NC_006127.4 sites can serve as gene insertion sites on chicken sex chromosomes for gene editing without affecting normal cell proliferation.

DeMambaNet: Deformable Convolution and Mamba Integration Network for High-Precision Segmentation of Ambiguously Defined Dental Radicular Boundaries.

The incorporation of automatic segmentation methodologies into dental X-ray images refined the paradigms of clinical diagnostics and therapeutic planning by facilitating meticulous, pixel-level articulation of both dental structures and proximate tissues. This underpins the pillars of early pathological detection and meticulous disease progression monitoring. Nonetheless, conventional segmentation frameworks often encounter significant setbacks attributable to the intrinsic limitations of X-ray imaging, including compromised image fidelity, obscured delineation of structural boundaries, and the intricate anatomical structures of dental constituents such as pulp, enamel, and dentin. To surmount these impediments, we propose the Deformable Convolution and Mamba Integration Network, an innovative 2D dental X-ray image segmentation architecture, which amalgamates a Coalescent Structural Deformable Encoder, a Cognitively-Optimized Semantic Enhance Module, and a Hierarchical Convergence Decoder. Collectively, these components bolster the management of multi-scale global features, fortify the stability of feature representation, and refine the amalgamation of feature vectors. A comparative assessment against 14 baselines underscores its efficacy, registering a 0.95% enhancement in the Dice Coefficient and a diminution of the 95th percentile Hausdorff Distance to 7.494.

Retina Fundus Photograph-Based Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Medicine: A Systematic Review.

We conducted a systematic review of research in artificial intelligence (AI) for retinal fundus photographic images. We highlighted the use of various AI algorithms, including deep learning (DL) models, for application in ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic (i.e., systemic) disorders. We found that the use of AI algorithms for the interpretation of retinal images, compared to clinical data and physician experts, represents an innovative solution with demonstrated superior accuracy in identifying many ophthalmic (e.g., diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), optic nerve disorders), and non-ophthalmic disorders (e.g., dementia, cardiovascular disease). There has been a significant amount of clinical and imaging data for this research, leading to the potential incorporation of AI and DL for automated analysis. AI has the potential to transform healthcare by improving accuracy, speed, and workflow, lowering cost, increasing access, reducing mistakes, and transforming healthcare worker education and training.