RÉSUMÉ
In the Department of Histo- and Cytopathology, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, a time study was performed according to the principles known from work sampling. From 22.11-12.12.1993 laboratory technicians, pathologists and secretaries were interviewed and an activity form was filled in. Six thousand nine hundred and fifty interviews were performed and the time study showed that for all groups of personnel 40% of the time was used on specimens sent for microscopy, 5% on autopsies (excl. microscopy), 15% on teaching and research, 20% on scientific meetings, reading and administration and 20% on other activities e.g. lunch, holiday, absence owing to illness. There was little variation for the different groups of personnel. On the other hand the time used on specific laboratory procedures, e.g. serial cutting, special-, and immunostaining, varied considerably for laboratory technicians, pathologists and secretaries respectively. Time studies, especially "work sampling" yield important information for the planning of laboratory services and provide documentation also for the time not directly related to routine work.
Sujet(s)
Laboratoires hospitaliers , Service hospitalier d'anatomopathologie , Études ergonomiques , Danemark , Techniques histologiques , Humains , Laboratoires hospitaliers/statistiques et données numériques , Service hospitalier d'anatomopathologie/statistiques et données numériques , Études prospectives , Enregistrements , Manipulation d'échantillons , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Charge de travailRÉSUMÉ
The results of what is to our knowledge the first intercomparison of seven independent spectroradiometers measuring solar UV irradiances are presented. The intercomparison was carried out in the GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg (near Munich, Germany), on 13 July 1990. The spectroradiometric measurements were supplemented by other meteorological, optical, and chemical measurements at the same time. As this day was cloudless, the data can be compared with the measurements taken by Bener in Switzerland in the 1960's and with the results of radiative transfer models. The measured irradiances at noon differed by factors of up to 100. These large differences demonstrate the great difficulties with this type of measurement. Some instrument systems, however, ranged within tolerances of ±10%, thus allowing us to make recommendations for the spectroradiometry of solar UV irradiances.
