RÉSUMÉ
Interleukin (IL)-36γ is expressed by keratinocytes and functions as a key initiator of inflammation in the skin. IL-36γ expression is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-17A, having a strong association with psoriasis. In this study, we examined the role of IL-36γ in atopic dermatitis (AD) and mycosis fungoides (MF)/Sézary syndrome (SS). Serum levels of IL-36γ in AD patients and MF/SS patients were elevated compared with those of healthy controls. Importantly, serum IL-36γ levels in AD patients positively correlated with Eczema Area and Severity Index and those of MF/SS patients positively correlated with serum soluble IL-2 receptor levels. IL-36γ mRNA levels in AD skin and MF/SS skin were significantly higher than those of normal skin. IL-36γ mRNA levels in MF/SS skin positively correlated with IL-17A mRNA levels. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that IL-36γ was highly expressed in keratinocytes in lesional skin of AD and MF/SS. Taken together, our study demonstrated that IL-36γ expression was increased in sera and skin of patients with AD and MF/SS as was reported in psoriatic patients.
Sujet(s)
Eczéma atopique/anatomopathologie , Interleukine-1/analyse , Mycosis fongoïde/anatomopathologie , Syndrome de Sézary/anatomopathologie , Tumeurs cutanées/anatomopathologie , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Eczéma atopique/sang , Femelle , Humains , Interleukine-1/génétique , Kératinocytes/anatomopathologie , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Mycosis fongoïde/sang , ARN messager/analyse , Indice de gravité de la maladie , Syndrome de Sézary/sang , Peau/cytologie , Peau/anatomopathologie , Tumeurs cutanées/sang , Jeune adulteRÉSUMÉ
Endocan is a novel human endothelial cell-specific molecule and is mainly expressed in endothelial cells in various tissues. Endocan has the capacity to inhibit leukocytes binding to the vascular endothelium. It also can promote the angiogenesis alongside vascular endothelial growth factor A. Through these functions, endocan has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. To investigate the possible roles of endocan in atopic dermatitis (AD), we examined endocan expression in lesional skin and sera in patients with AD. Endocan mRNA and protein levels were increased in lesional skin of AD compared with healthy skin and endocan was expressed on epidermal keratinocytes and dermal endothelial cells. On the other hand, serum endocan levels in patients with AD were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. Our results suggest that elevated endocan expression in lesional skin may be associated with development of AD through angiogenesis and that decreased endocan expression in sera may be associated with increased leukocyte recruitment in AD.
Sujet(s)
Eczéma atopique/métabolisme , Protéines tumorales/sang , Protéoglycanes/sang , Peau/métabolisme , Adolescent , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Études cas-témoins , Cellules endothéliales/métabolisme , Humains , Kératinocytes/métabolisme , Adulte d'âge moyen , Jeune adulteRÉSUMÉ
Interleukin-19 (IL-19), a pro-inflammatory cytokine known to stimulate the production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, is induced by IL-17A and highly expressed in the lesional skin of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD). This aim of this study was to investigate whether IL-19 is involved in cutaneous T-cell lym-phoma (CTCL) and AD. IL-19 levels were significantly higher in the sera of patients with AD and those with advanced-stage CTCL than in normal controls, correlating significantly with clinical disease markers. IL-19 mRNA levels in lesional skin of both diseases were significantly elevated. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that IL-19 was expressed in the epidermis of AD skin and CTCL skin. In vitro, IL-17A and IL-4 increased IL-19 mRNA expression in human keratinocytes. Thus, IL-19 was increased in the sera and skin of AD and CTCL. These results suggest that IL-19 is important for bridging Th17 to Th2 in these diseases.
Sujet(s)
Eczéma atopique/métabolisme , Épiderme/métabolisme , Interleukines/métabolisme , Lymphome T cutané/métabolisme , Tumeurs cutanées/métabolisme , Adolescent , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Études cas-témoins , Cellules cultivées , Eczéma atopique/sang , Eczéma atopique/diagnostic , Épiderme/anatomopathologie , Femelle , Humains , Interleukine-17/métabolisme , Interleukine-4/métabolisme , Interleukines/sang , Interleukines/génétique , Kératinocytes/métabolisme , Lymphome T cutané/sang , Lymphome T cutané/diagnostic , Lymphome T cutané/anatomopathologie , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Stadification tumorale , ARN messager/génétique , Tumeurs cutanées/sang , Tumeurs cutanées/génétique , Tumeurs cutanées/anatomopathologie , Régulation positive , Jeune adulteRÉSUMÉ
Syndecan-4 (SDC-4) is a cell surface proteoglycan, which participates in signaling during cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, endocytosis, and mechanotransduction, and is expressed on various cells, including endothelial cells, epithelial cells, T cells, and eosinophils. Emerging evidences have suggested that SDC-4 might contribute to Th2-driven allergic immune responses. Here, we examined the role of SDC-4 in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Serum SDC-4 levels in AD patients were significantly higher than in healthy individuals, and they increased according to the disease severity. Importantly, they positively correlated with Eczema Area and Severity Index and itch visual analogue scale scores. Furthermore, serum SDC-4 levels decreased after treatment. We also analyzed SDC-4 expression in AD lesional skin. SDC-4 mRNA levels in AD skin were significantly higher than those of normal skin. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that SDC-4 was highly expressed in the epidermis and endothelial cells in AD lesional skin. Taken together, our study has demonstrated that SDC-4 expression was increased in sera and skin of AD patients, suggesting that SDC-4 may contribute to the development of AD.
Sujet(s)
Eczéma atopique/métabolisme , Épiderme/métabolisme , Prurit/métabolisme , Syndécane-4/métabolisme , Adulte , Eczéma atopique/sang , Eczéma atopique/traitement médicamenteux , Cellules endothéliales/métabolisme , Cellules épidermiques , Épiderme/anatomopathologie , Femelle , Volontaires sains , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , ARN messager/métabolisme , Indice de gravité de la maladie , Syndécane-4/sang , Jeune adulteRÉSUMÉ
Interleukin (IL)-21 is regarded as a potent antitumor agent, which increases the cytotoxicity of both natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T cells. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-21 in mycosis fungoides (MF). IL-21 mRNA expression levels in patch and plaque MF were significantly higher than those in normal skin. IL-21 mRNA expression levels in tumor MF were significantly decreased compared with those in patch and plaque MF. Interestingly, mRNA expression levels of IL-21 in MF lesional skin significantly correlated with those of T-helper type-1 cytokines/chemokines such as CXCL10, CXCL11 and γ-interferon. Immunohistochemistry showed that IL-21 was expressed by keratinocytes in patch and plaque MF. Furthermore, serum IL-21 levels in patients with tumor MF were significantly lower than those of healthy controls and plaque MF. Thus, IL-21 expression was significantly downregulated in skin and blood of patients with tumor MF, which may contribute to progression of MF. Our study suggests that recombinant IL-21 would be a promising therapy for MF.