RÉSUMÉ
Because leptospirosis has been an important cause of morbidity in U.S. soldiers training in the Republic of Panama, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled field trial during the fall of 1982 to determine whether doxycycline was an effective chemoprophylactic agent against this infection. Doxycycline (200 mg) or placebo was administered orally on a weekly basis and at the completion of training to 940 volunteers from two U.S. Army units deployed in Panama for approximately three weeks of jungle training. Twenty cases of leptospirosis occurred in the placebo group (an attack rate of 4.2 per cent), as compared with only one case in the doxycycline group (attack rate, 0.2 per cent, P less than 0.001), yielding an efficacy of 95.0 per cent. This study demonstrated the value of doxycycline as a prophylactic drug against leptospirosis.
Sujet(s)
Doxycycline/usage thérapeutique , Leptospirose/prévention et contrôle , Essais cliniques comme sujet , Méthode en double aveugle , Doxycycline/administration et posologie , Humains , Mâle , Médecine militaire , Zone du canal de PanamaRÉSUMÉ
In 1976 the recommended time for routine measles immunization was changed from 12 to greater than or equal to 15 months of age. Because of the known decrease in compliance with immunizations given during the second year of life and the scheduling of an additional visit close to the time of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) booster immunization, the potential benefit from this change might be offset by a decrease in compliance in securing both measles vaccination and DTP booster immunization. A study of the change in immunization compliance was carried out in a county health facility and in a prepaid medical group practice. Charts of 795 infants (395 born before and 400 born after the change) were reviewed to assess the rates of compliance with measles and with DTP immunizations. Administration of measles vaccine at a scheduled time decreased by 10% (0.05 less than P less than 0.06) at the public health facility after the change in 1976 and by 13% at the prepaid group practice (P less than 0.01). This difference evened out in the public health facility patients by age 2 years, but a 9% decrease was still apparent at the prepaid medical group. A similar pattern was seen in compliance with the DTP booster immunization at each site. Any benefit derived by an increased measles seroconversion rate apparently was offset by an overall decrease in compliance for both measles and DTP booster immunizations.
Sujet(s)
Calendrier vaccinal , Vaccin contre la rougeole/administration et posologie , Rougeole/prévention et contrôle , Observance par le patient , Services de santé communautaires , Diphtérie/prévention et contrôle , Anatoxine diphtérique/administration et posologie , Femelle , Health Maintenance Organizations (USA) , Humains , Rappel de vaccin , Nourrisson , Mâle , Vaccin anticoquelucheux/administration et posologie , Tétanos/prévention et contrôle , Anatoxine tétanique/administration et posologie , Coqueluche/prévention et contrôleSujet(s)
Adjuvants immunologiques/immunologie , Hydroxyde d'aluminium/immunologie , Antigènes/immunologie , Hémocyanine , Souris/immunologie , Animaux , Production d'anticorps/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Dinitrophénols/immunologie , Femelle , Lignées consanguines de souris/immunologie , Ovalbumine/immunologieRÉSUMÉ
Ha relacoes lineares entre a dose de Al (OH)3 usado como adjuvante imunologico e o titulo de anticorpos anti-ovoalbumina (anti-OVA) formado por camundongos BDFI. Camundongos que receberam OVA, depois uma imunizacao acessoria com dinitrofenil-hemocianina (DNP-KLH) e entao uma imunizacao secundaria com DNP-OVA, so formaram anticorpos anti-DNP quando havia Al (OH)3 incluido na injecao de DNP-KLH;a inclusao de Al (OH)3 na injecao primaria de OVA baixou em vez de elevar o titulo de anticorpos anti-DNP. E sugerido que a acao adjuvante do Al(OH)3 se deva a acoes sobre linfocitos B