Costs, Trends, and Related Factors in Treating Lung Cancer Patients in 67 Hospitals in Guangxi, China.

Lung cancer is a common disease with high mortality in China. Recent economic advances have led to improved medical capabilities, while costs associated with treating this disease have increased. Such change contributes to a commonly held belief that healthcare costs are out of control. However, few studies have examined this issue. Here, we use 34,678 hospitalization summary reports from 67 Guangxi hospitals (period 2013-2016) to document costs, temporal trends, and associated factors. Findings from this study are surprising in that they debunk the myth of uncontrolled healthcare costs. In addition, results and experiences from Guangxi are informative for other comparable regions.

Assessment of potential factors associating with costs of hospitalizing cardiovascular diseases in 141 hospitals in Guangxi, China.

BACKGROUND: The rising cost of healthcare is of great concern in China, as evidenced by the media features negative reports almost daily. However there are only a few studies from well-developed cities, like Beijing or Shanghai, and little is known about healthcare costs in rest of the country. In this study, we use hospitalization summary reports (HSRs) from admitted cardiovascular diseases patients in Guangxi hospitals during 2013-2016, and we investigate temporal trends of healthcare costs and associated factors. METHODS: By generalized additive model, we compute temporal trends of cost per stay (CPS), cost per day (CPD) and others. We then use generalized linear models to assess which factors associate with CPS and CPD. FINDINGS: Using a total of 760,000 HSRs, we find that CPS appears to be stabilized around $1040 until the middle of year 2015, before exhibiting a downward trend. Similarly, CPD exhibits similar stable pattern. Meanwhile, surgery-specific CPS showed an increase in year 2013-2014, and then stabilized. Drug costs account for over 1/3 of CPS, but they are gradually declining. Costs associated with physicians' and nurses' services represent less than 5% of CPS. We found that age, sex, marital status, occupation and payment methods are significantly associated with CPS or CPD. Interestingly, we found no association between patient ethnicity and these costs. However, we did find that minority patients use more secondary hospitals than Han patients. INTERPRETATIONS: Healthcare costs in Guangxi are stable, contrary to the rise portrayed by Chinese mass media. Several factors can be associated with healthcare costs, and these may be useful for developing evidence-based policies. In particular, there is a need to encourage more Han patients to seek care in primary and secondary hospitals.

Profile of physical status and gene variation of human papillomavirus 58 genome in cervical cancer.

Epidemiological studies have shown that human papillomavirus 58 (HPV 58) is found at a relatively high frequency in east Asia and some regions of Central and South America. To investigate the physical status of HPV 58 and analyse sequence variations of HPV 58 in cervical cancer patients, the HPV 58 genome in 37 HPV 58-positive cervical cancer specimens collected from China were investigated by a mapping analysis based on nested PCR and nucleotide sequencing. A pure integrated genome was found in 78.4 % (29/37) of specimens, which is much higher than that found in previous studies. Multiple disruptions were first found among the integrated HPV 58 genomes in 51.7 % (15/29) of specimens. Among the 7824 bp of the HPV 58 genome, 119 (1.52 %) nucleotide positions were found to be variable, and 45 of them lead to amino acid changes. Phylogenetic analyses, based on partial L1 sequences of 14 variants isolated in previous studies and this study, show that two main groups were observed in HPV 58 variants, the prototype or prototype-like group and the non-prototype-like group.

Dibromido{2-hydr-oxy-N'-[phen-yl(2-pyrid-yl)methyl-ene]benzohydrazide}copper(II).

In the title complex, [CuBr(2)(C(19)H(15)N(3)O(2))], the metal ion is coordinated by the N,N',O-tridentate 2-hydr-oxy-N'-[phen-yl(2-pyrid-yl)methyl-ene]benzohydrazide ligand and two bromide ions, resulting in a distorted CuN(2)OBr(2) square-based pyramidal coordination geometry with one bromide ion in the apical site. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs in the ligand. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by inter-molecular C-H⋯O, C-H⋯Br and O-H⋯Br inter-actions.

Bis(dicyanamido-κN)bis-[2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)pyridine-κN,O]nickel(II).

In the title complex, [Ni{N(CN)(2)}(2)(C(7)H(9)NO)(2)], the Ni(II) ion (site symmetry ) adopts a distorted trans-NiO(2)N(4) octa-hedral geometry. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules, forming a chain along the c axis.

(E)-2-[(6-Ethoxy-benzothia-zol-2-yl)imino-meth-yl]-6-methoxy-phenol.

In the title mol-ecule, C(17)H(16)N(2)O(3)S, the benzothia-zole fragment and the benzene ring form a dihedral angle of 13.8 (4)°, and an intramolecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal structure, pairs of weak inter-molecular O-H⋯S and C-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers. These dimers are related by translation along the a axis and form stacks via π-π inter-actions, with a short inter-molecular distance of 3.766 (5) Šbetween the centroids of the benzene and thia-zole rings.

catena-Poly[[[bis-(thio-urea-κS)copper(I)]-µ-thio-urea-κS:S] iodide acetonitrile hemisolvate].

The title complex, {[Cu(CH(4)N(2)S)(3)]I·0.5CH(3)CN}(n), was formed by the reaction of CuI and thio-urea in acetonitrile. There are two independent Cu(I) ions in the asymmetric unit which are coordinated by two terminal and two bridging thio-urea ligands to form a one-dimensional helical chain structure progagating in the a-axis direction. Each Cu(I) ion is in a distorted tetra-hedral coordination environment. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak N-H⋯S and N-H⋯I hydrogen bonds.

cis-Bis-(2,2'-bipyrid-yl)dicyanato-cobalt(II).

In the title complex, [Co(NCO)(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)], the Co atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands and two N atoms from two cyanate anions in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Co atom lies on a twofold rotation axis. The average Co-N bond length is 2.126 (7) Å. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network.

5-(Chloro-meth-yl)quinolin-8-yl acetate.

The title compound, C(12)H(10)ClNO(2), crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit; these are approximate mirror images of each other. In each mol-ecule, the chloro-methyl and acetate groups lie on the same side of the quinoline ring system, with dihedral angles between the ring plane and the plane of the acetate group of 82.0 (1) and -79.2 (1)°. The C-C-C-Cl torsion angles for the chloro-methyl groups of the two mol-ecules are 80.9 (2) and -83.1 (2)°.