[Using meldonium to improve the adaptation of patients with cardiovascular disease to the effects of heat and correction of associated oxidative stress].

Given that prolonged exposure to extreme climatic situations may play a role independent of stress factors, influencing the course of the underlying disease, the authors considered appropriate assessment of the effectiveness of additional prophylactic administration of drugs that increase the body's resistance to stress (adaptogens). The purpose of the study - to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress on meldonium, hemodynamics and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in extreme climatic conditions (summer heat). The study included 56 patients with CVD aged 38-75 years. Patients were randomized into two groups: active management (M), which in addition to basic therapy during 3 summer months received meldonium (500 mg/day), and control. The following parameters were measured: office blood pressure (BP), blood plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. MDA/SOD ratio was calculated. Visual analogue scale was used for assessment of quality of life. Meldonium treated patients demonstrated marked reduction of systolic BP and heart rate during heat, increased sodium level at the 2nd visit, improved quality of life. These changes corresponded to adaptive responses of healthy men. No significant dynamics of these parameters occurred in control group. MDA level during heat increased in both groups (p<0.05) but MDA/SOD ratio, which characterizes the "oxidation potential" of blood, increased significantly during the summer heat only in the control group. Meldonium can be used as an adaptogen in CVD patients during the summer heat.

[Suppression of viability of staphylococci cells by 1270 nm laser beam].

AIM: Study the effect of 1270 nm wavelength laser exposure on the viability of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reference strain S. aureus 209P and clinical isolate S. epidermidis 26/193 that form bacterial biofilm were used in the study. Ica gene presence in S. epidermidis 26/193 that controls biofilm formation was confirmed in the study by PCR with a primer that generates a specific 814 n.p. amplicon. Experimental device by "New surgical technologies, Ltd." was used as a source of emission. The device has a continuous emission mode of laser semiconductor diodes with 1270 nm wavelength. Maximum regulated power of the emission is up to 3 W. Emission power in the studies performed was 150 mW. The time of exposition was 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes. The amount of viable cells in the experiment and control was determined by calculating CFU/ml. Evaluation of bacterial biofilm formation was performed by the method described in O'Toole G.A. et al. (2000). RESULTS: A decrease of the number of viable forms of S. aureus 209P by a mean of 52 +/- 6.0% and 76 +/- 4.0%, and of S. epidermidis 26/193 by a mean of 48 +/- 4% and 64 +/- 5% for 15 and 30 min exposition, respectively, and a significant suppression of biofilm formation by staphylococci was shown. CONCLUSION: Exposure to 1270 nm laser renders a moderate bactericidal effect on staphylococci cells and significantly suppresses their bacterial biofilm formation.

[Species composition and antibiotic resistance of lactobacillus in infants].

AIM: To study species composition and antibiotic resistance of indigenous bacteria from Lactobacillus genus in infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six strains of lactobacilli isolated from feces of infants living in Kazan. Species membership of lactobacilli was determined using PCR with primers for identification of 7 species of lactobacilli: L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. delbrueckii, L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. zeae. Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by indicator paper discs method. RESULTS. In breastfed infants L. fermentum and L. rhamnosus dominated, whereas in artificially fed infants colonization with L. casei and L. paracasei was characteristic. L.acidophilus, L. plantarum, and L. zeae were not detected in infants. In 6 cases isolates could be identified only to genus characteristic. Lactobacilli were polyresistant and had from 8 to 15 markers of resistance. All strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, ceftriaxone, nitroxoline, metronidazole, furazolidone, and 95% of strains were resistant to vancomycin. In 60-70% of cases lactobacilli were susceptible to penicillin, linezolid, erythromycin and lyncomycin. CONCLUSION: Regional features of species composition and antibiotic resistance of lactobacilli in infants depending on type of feeding were revealed.

[Influence of maternal microflora on the composition of infants' intestinal microcenosis during breastfeeding].

Composition of intestinal microflora in 38 breastfed infants and their mothers was studied. Microflora of mothers' breast milk was studied also. In all 38 (100%) infants as well as 29 (76.3%) mothers abnormalities in normal intestinal microflora composition were detected. In 50% of cases milk of breastfeeding mothers was contaminated with bacteria without clinical symptoms of infection. Staphylococcus epidermidis predominated between bacteria. In 31.6% of pairs "mother-infant" identical bacterial species were detected in breastmilk and infant's intestine with detection rate highest for S. aureus. It was concluded that improvement of bacteriological examination and preventive measures for breastfeeding mothers and their children is necessary.

[Immunomodulating effect of protein fractions isolated from bifidobacteria]. / Immunomoduliruiushchii éffect belkovykh fraktsii, vydelennykh iz bifidobakterii.

The screening of the immunomodulating activity (IMA) of different protein fractions isolated from bifidobacteria was carried out and the capacity of these fractions for changing the proliferative activity of immunocompetent cells was evaluated. Soluble proteins were extracted from lyophilized and sonicated bacterial mass of B. bifidum strain 1 in Na2HPO4 (pH 8) in a water bath at 65 degrees C for 30 minutes. After the formation and removal of nucleic acid sediment the resulting supernatant fluid was dialyzed, its adsorption spectra were analyzed and the fluid was fractionated in a specially proposed device for preparative electrophoresis. Protein fractions were tested for IMA on spleen cells of CBA mice in the reaction of lymphocyte blast-transformation by the level of the inclusion 3H thymidine. The analysis of IMA of protein fractions revealed that their high-molecular components produced a pronounced dose-dependent effect on the proliferative activity of spleen cells. The fractions containing low-molecular components were either inactive (fraction 4) or active only in the maximum dose (fraction 5).

[Clinical and microbiological features of acute enteric mixed infection caused by Hafnia alvei and rotavirus]. / Kliniko-mikrobiologicheskie osobennosti ostroi kishechnoi mikst-infektsii, vyzvannoi bakteriiami Hafnia alvei i rotavirusom.

The data obtained in the clinical and laboratory study of 72 hospitalized patients with acute enteric infection are presented. The observed outbreak was caused by H. alvei producing heat-stable enterotoxin. The role of this etiological agent is also confirmed by simultaneous occurrence of the disease after using the same foodstuff, a short incubation period, the severity of the course of the disease with pronounced symptoms of neurotoxicosis, a high detection rate of H. alvei in material taken from patients at the acute period of the disease, rapid disappearance of this agent in the period of convalescence and a pronounced rise in the titer of specific antibodies to H. alvei in the dynamics of the disease. At the same time in the feces of 8 patients rotavirus antigen was detected, which, in combination with residual catarrhal phenomena, hyperemia and granularity of the pharynx, yellow stool, was indicative of the simultaneous circulation of rotavirus among these patients.

[Alteration of phagocyte functional activity depending on the presence of pR50 plasmid in bacteria]. / Izmenenie funktsional'noi aktivnosti fagotsitov v zavisimosti ot nalichiia u bakterii plazmidy pR50.

The relationship between the presence, or the absence, of conjugative plasmid pR50 detected in Klebsiella oxytoca 89, in the isogenic pairs of attenuated strains Shigella flexneri 2a 516 Near and Salmonella typhimurium 129 Rifr and the regeneration of the active forms of oxygen by mouse peritoneal phagocytizing cells was studied. As indicated by the data obtained in the course of the experiment, plasmids pR50 could influence the chemiluminescent response of phagocytes. The inhibition of the synthesis of oxygen metabolites was found to occur at the primary stage of the infectious process, that later this synthesis increased, that facilitated the survival of the animals infected with the cultures carrying plasmid pR50.