RÉSUMÉ
The double-differential cross sections for the 48Ca(p,n) and 48Ti(n,p) reactions were measured at 300 MeV. A multipole decomposition technique was applied to the spectra to extract the Gamow-Teller (GT) components. The integrated GT strengths up to an excitation energy of 30 MeV in 48Sc are 15.3+/-2.2 and 2.8+/-0.3 in the (p,n) and (n,p) spectra, respectively. In the (n,p) spectra additional GT strengths were found above 8 MeV where shell models within the fp shell-model space predict almost no GT strengths, suggesting that the present shell-model description of the nuclear matrix element of the two-neutrino double-beta decay is incomplete.
RÉSUMÉ
We report the results of the first-time test of the local hidden variable theories (Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt) involving strongly interacting pairs of massive spin 1/2 hadrons from the decay of short-lived (tau<10;-21sec) 2He spin-singlet state, populated in the nuclear reaction 2H+;1H-->;2He+n. The novel features of this experiment are (a) the use of an 'event-ready' [corrected] detector of nearly 100% efficiency to prepare an unbiased sample and (b) a focal-plane polarimeter of full 2pi sr acceptance with a random "post selection" of the reference axes. The spin-correlation function is deduced to be S[exp](pi/4)=2.83+/-0.24stat+/-0.07sys. This result is in agreement with nonlocal quantum mechanical prediction and it violates the Bell-CHSH inequality of |S|
RÉSUMÉ
Three precise measurements for elastic pd scattering at 135 MeV/A have been performed with the three different experimental setups. The cross sections are described well by the theoretical predictions based on modern nucleon-nucleon forces combined with three-nucleon forces. Relativistic Faddeev calculations show that relativistic effects are restricted to backward angles. This result supports the two measurements recently reported by RIKEN and contradicts the KVI data.
RÉSUMÉ
alpha-Linked galactooligosaccharide (alpha-GOS) has been reported to change the composition of enteric microflora. In the present study, the antiarthritic effect of alpha-GOS was evaluated by employing adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in Wistar rats and type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. The animals were given alpha-GOS orally. This substance had beneficial effects on both clinical signs, such as erythema and swelling of the limbs, and histopathological findings in the hind paw joints in a dose-dependent manner. alpha-GOS reduced the plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) level in rats with AIA. In the cell culture system employing peritoneal macrophages from rats with AIA, alpha-GOS enhanced interleukin-1 production without lipopolysaccharide stimulation in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that alpha-GOS stimulates peritoneal macrophages through modulation of enteric microflora. Since alpha-GOS modulates the composition of the enteric microflora, the antiarthritic effects of alpha-GOS could be partly attributable to its immunomodulating activity. Thus, alpha-GOS is a potential functional food for the treatment of human rheumatoid arthritis.
Sujet(s)
Arthrite expérimentale/traitement médicamenteux , Galactose/pharmacologie , Facteurs immunologiques/pharmacologie , Oligosaccharides/pharmacologie , Animaux , Arthrite expérimentale/immunologie , Arthrite expérimentale/physiopathologie , Cytokines/métabolisme , Galactose/composition chimique , Facteurs immunologiques/composition chimique , Souris , Souris de lignée DBA , Oligosaccharides/composition chimique , Oligosaccharides/immunologie , Rats , Rat Wistar , Facteurs tempsRÉSUMÉ
To enhance the stability in vivo, new derivatives of cytogenin were synthesized, and their biological activity and stability in mice were estimated. 2-(8-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)propionic acid (NM-3) was found to be the most stable among them. It modified collagen-induced arthritis in mice. It also showed potent anti-angiogenic activity in a mouse dorsal air sac assay.
Sujet(s)
Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens/synthèse chimique , Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens/pharmacologie , Antibiotiques antinéoplasiques/synthèse chimique , Antibiotiques antinéoplasiques/pharmacologie , Coumarines/synthèse chimique , Coumarines/pharmacologie , Animaux , Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens/composition chimique , Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens/métabolisme , Antibiotiques antinéoplasiques/composition chimique , Antibiotiques antinéoplasiques/métabolisme , Arthrite/traitement médicamenteux , Coumarines/composition chimique , Coumarines/métabolisme , Stabilité de médicament , Techniques in vitro , Isocoumarines , Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique , Mâle , Souris , Souris de lignée DBA , Souris de lignée ICR , Néovascularisation pathologique/traitement médicamenteux , Rats , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Spectrophotométrie UV , Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de FourierSujet(s)
Antibiotiques antinéoplasiques/biosynthèse , Cyclohexanones/métabolisme , Deuteromycota/métabolisme , Spiranes/métabolisme , Antibiotiques antinéoplasiques/composition chimique , Antibiotiques antinéoplasiques/pharmacologie , Antinéoplasiques/pharmacologie , Mort cellulaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Division cellulaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Phénomènes chimiques , Chimie physique , Cyclohexanones/composition chimique , Cyclohexanones/pharmacologie , Endothélium vasculaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Humains , Immunosuppresseurs/pharmacologie , Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique , Structure moléculaire , Spiranes/composition chimique , Spiranes/pharmacologie , Cellules cancéreuses en cultureRÉSUMÉ
Cytogenin (8-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxyisocoumarin) is a new microbial product with antitumor and antirheumatoid arthritis effects in vivo when administered orally, although its mechanism(s) of action is not known well. Both neoplasia and rheumatoid arthritis are referred to as angiogenesis-dependent diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cytogenin on both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, using the growing chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and mouse dorsal air sac assay systems, respectively. The microbial product at doses up to 100 micrograms/egg did not significantly affect embryonic angiogenesis when topically placed on the surface of the chorioallantoic membrane, suggesting that it has no effect on the physiological (or normal) angiogenic response. By contrast, systemic administration of cytogenin (100 mg/kg p.o., for 5 consecutive days) significantly suppressed angiogenesis induced by malignant tumor cells (S-180), one of pathological neovascularization, in a mouse dorsal air sac assay system. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice revealed that the maximal concentration of cytogenin in plasma after a single 100 mg/kg oral dose of the compound was 32 microM. In vitro experiments involving cultured vascular endothelial cells showed that cytogenin at concentrations determined by pharmacokinetic study, had little effect on plasminogen activator secretion, tube formation and the proliferation of endothelial cells. These results suggest that cytogenin is a novel oral antiangiogenic agent, that the mechanism of its antiangiogenic action contributes to its suppressive effects on both tumor growth and rheumatoid arthritis that we previously found, and that it could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and other angiogenesis-dependent disorders such as diabetic retinopathy.
Sujet(s)
Antibiotiques antinéoplasiques/pharmacologie , Endothélium vasculaire/physiologie , Néovascularisation pathologique/prévention et contrôle , Néovascularisation physiologique/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Sarcome 180 de Crocker/vascularisation , Allantoïde/physiologie , Animaux , Antibiotiques antinéoplasiques/pharmacocinétique , Antibiotiques antinéoplasiques/usage thérapeutique , Division cellulaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Cellules cultivées , Embryon de poulet , Chorion/physiologie , Coumarines/pharmacocinétique , Coumarines/pharmacologie , Coumarines/usage thérapeutique , Milieux de culture conditionnés , Endothélium vasculaire/cytologie , Endothélium vasculaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Femelle , Humains , Isocoumarines , Taux de clairance métabolique , Souris , Souris de lignée ICR , Néovascularisation pathologique/physiopathologie , Sarcome 180 de Crocker/traitement médicamenteux , Veines ombilicales , Activateur du plasminogène de type urokinase/biosynthèseRÉSUMÉ
To improve the efficiency of hepatic intra-arterial (h.i.a.) chemotherapy, we selected pirarubicin (THP) because it shows good properties for h.i.a. chemotherapy, such as fast and efficient cellular uptake, and used it for h.i.a. chemotherapy in rabbits with V x 2 tumour implanted in the liver. The anti-tumour effect of THP upon h.i.a. administration was compared with that upon intravenous (i.v.) injection and also with the anti-tumour activity of epirubicin (EPI) upon h.i.a. injection using optimal and maximal tolerated doses of each drug. When tumour growth rates and morphometric examinations were evaluated, it was found that THP and EPI were effective against V x 2 tumour when injected via the h.i.a. route. The activity of THP was stronger than that of EPI. As regards h.i.a. injection-related complication, plasma transaminase levels were temporarily elevated. To demonstrate higher anti-tumour activity and other advantages of h.i.a. injection of THP, plasma and tumour drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after THP or EPI was administered at an equal dose to the rabbit V x 2 model. Hepatic intra-arterial injection of THP accomplished a selective and higher uptake into the tumour and lower effusion into the plasma than i.v. injection of THP or h.i.a. injection of EPL. Our findings indicate that THP is the better candidate of the two drugs tested for the h.i.a. chemotherapy because of its greater anti-tumour activity and the lower systemic drug exposure achieved upon h.i.a. injection.