Apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) derived from fibroblast-converted hepatocyte-like cells effectively ameliorate liver fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis is a serious global health issue for which effective treatment remains elusive. Chemical-induced hepatocyte-like cells (ciHeps) have emerged as an appealing source for cell transplantation therapy, although they present several challenges such as the risk of lung thromboembolism or hemorrhage. Apoptotic vesicles (apoVs), small membrane vesicles generated during the apoptosis process, have gained attention for their role in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we generated ciHep-derived apoVs (ciHep-apoVs) and investigated their therapeutic potential in alleviating liver fibrosis. Our findings revealed that ciHep-apoVs induced the transformation of macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, effectively suppressed the activity of activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), and enhanced the survival of hepatocytes. When intravenously administered to mice with liver fibrosis, ciHep-apoVs were primarily engulfed by macrophages and myofibroblasts, leading to a reduction in liver inflammation and fibrosis. Proteomic and miRNA analyses showed that ciHep-apoVs were enriched in various functional molecules that modulate crucial cellular processes, including metabolism, signaling transduction, and ECM-receptor interactions. ciHep-apoVs effectively suppressed aHSCs activity through the synergistic inhibition of glycolysis, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cascades. These findings highlight the potential of ciHep-apoVs as multifunctional nanotherapeutics for liver fibrosis and provide insights into the treatment of other liver diseases and fibrosis in other organs.

New isolate of sweet potato virus 2 from Ipomoea nil: molecular characterization, codon usage bias, and phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome.

BACKGROUND: Viral diseases of sweet potatoes are causing severe crop losses worldwide. More than 30 viruses have been identified to infect sweet potatoes among which the sweet potato latent virus (SPLV), sweet potato mild speckling virus (SPMSV), sweet potato virus G (SPVG) and sweet potato virus 2 (SPV2) have been recognized as distinct species of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. The sweet potato virus 2 (SPV2) is a primary pathogen affecting sweet potato crops. METHODS: In this study, we detected an SPV2 isolate (named SPV2-LN) in Ipomoea nil in China. The complete genomic sequence of SPV2-LN was obtained using sequencing of small RNAs, RT-PCR, and RACE amplification. The codon usage, phylogeny, recombination analysis and selective pressure analysis were assessed on the SPV2-LN genome. RESULTS: The complete genome of SPV2-LN consisted of 10,606 nt (GenBank No. OR842902), encoding 3425 amino acids. There were 28 codons in the SPV2-LN genome with a relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) value greater than 1, of which 21 end in A/U. Among the 12 proteins of SPV2, P3 and P3N-PIPO exhibited the highest variability in their amino acid sequences, while P1 was the most conserved, with an amino acid sequence identity of 87-95.3%. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 21 SPV2 isolates were clustered into four groups, and SPV2-LN was clustered together with isolate yu-17-47 (MK778808) in group IV. Recombination analysis indicated no major recombination sites in SPV2-LN. Selective pressure analysis showed dN/dS of the 12 proteins of SPV2 were less than 1, indicating that all were undergoing negative selection, except for P1N-PISPO. CONCLUSION: This study identified a sweet potato virus, SPV2-LN, in Ipomoea nil. Sequence identities and genome analysis showed high similarity between our isolate and a Chinese isolate, yu-17-47, isolated from sweet potato. These results will provide a theoretical basis for understanding the genetic evolution and viral spread of SPV2.

Preliminary Proteomics-based Investigation of Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of BD-77 by Nebulized Inhalation on Respiratory Viral Infections / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of BD-77 by nebulized inhalation on animal models of various respiratory viral infections and investigate the mechanism of broad-spectrum antiviral action of BD-77 using proteomics. MethodThe influenza virus H1N1/FM1 experiment used ICR mice and divided them into a normal group， model group， Tamiflu group， and BD-77 groups of 75 and 37.5 g·L-1 for inhalation of 20 min and 25 min. Human coronavirus 229E and OC43 experiment divided the BALB/c mice into a normal group， model group， chloroquine phosphate group， and BD-77 groups of 75， 37.5， 18.75， and 9.375 g·L-1， with 10 mice in each group. Influenza virus H1N1/FM1 and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 infection-induced pneumonia models were used to detect mouse lung index， and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the viral load in lung tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect related inflammatory factors in lung tissue， and proteomics analysis was performed on the lung tissue of OC43-infected mice. ResultCompared with that in the normal group， the lung index of mice in each infection group was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and viral nucleic acid could be detected in the lung tissue of mice infected with human coronaviruses 229E and OC43. The levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-10， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the lung tissue of mice infected with human coronavirus 229E were all significantly increased （P<0.01）. BD-77 could significantly reduce the lung index of mice infected with influenza virus H1N1/FM1 and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， cut down the viral load in the lungs of mice infected with human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 （P<0.01）， and lower the contents of IL-6， IL-10， and TNF-α in the lung tissue of mice infected with human coronavirus 229E （P<0.01）. Proteomics analysis of the lung tissue of OC43-infected mice showed that BD-77 regulated the AMPK signaling pathway， TNF signaling pathway， NOD-like signaling pathway， IL-17 signaling pathway， Forkhead box protein O （FoxO） signaling pathway， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling pathway， and other signaling pathways. ConclusionNebulized inhalation of BD-77 is effective in treating pneumonia caused by influenza virus H1N1/FM1 and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 infection in mice and may exert its antiviral effects by regulating the balance of cellular metabolism， enhancing the immune function of the host， and attenuating inflammatory responses.

Complete Genomic Sequence Analysis of a Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus Isolate from Yunnan Province of China.

In recent years, the sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) has been the primary pathogen of sugarcane mosaic disease in southern China. In this study, the complete genome of a sugarcane mosaic sample (named YN-21) from Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province, was amplified and sequenced. By comparing the amino acid sequences of YN-21 and 15 other SCSMV isolates from the NCBI database, the protease recognition site of SCSMV was determined. YN-21 had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identities of 97.66% and 99.30%, respectively, in comparison with the SCSMV isolate (JF488066). The P1 had the highest variability of 83.38-99.72% in the amino acid sequence, and 6K2 was the most conserved, with 97.92-100% amino acid sequence identity. A phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences clustered the 16 SCSMV isolates into two groups. All the Chinese isolates were clustered into the same group, and YN-21 was closely related to the Yunnan and Hainan isolates in China. Recombination analysis showed no major recombination sites in YN-21. Selective pressure analysis showed that the dN/dS values of 11 proteins of SCSMV were less than 1, all of which were undergoing negative selection. These results can provide practical guidance for monitoring SCSMV epidemics and genetics.

Reduced serum 25(OH)D is closely related to bronchial mucus plug formation in children with mycoplasma pneumonia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The relationship between vitamin D nutritional status and the formation of bronchial mucus plugs (BMPs) is unclear. The aims of the current study were to investigate associations between serum 25(OH)D levels, serum inflammatory factors, and clinical characteristics in children with mycoplasma pneumonia (MPP), and to summarize the risk factors for BMPs in children with MPP. Methods: Clinical data from 175 children with MPP were collected and analyzed, the children were divided into a BMP group and a non-BMP group. Serum 25(OH)D levels, IL-8, and various inflammatory factors were compared in the two groups. Associations between 25(OH)D levels and IL-8, various inflammatory factors, and clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the diagnostic value of serum 25(OH)D levels was assessed. Results: Serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the BMP group (p < 0.05). Serum IL-8 level, percentages of neutrophils, and some inflammatory factors were significantly higher in the BMP group (p < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D level was negatively correlated with IL-8, neutrophil percentage, various inflammatory factors (all p < 0.05). It was also associated with lobular infection, pleural effusion, mechanical ventilation, and mycoplasma 2,063/2,064 mutation (all p < 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis 25(OH)D [odds ratio (OR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-0.99, p = 0.003], IL-8 (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04, p = 0.002), polylobular infection (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.17-2.64, p = 0.007), and MP DNA copies (OR 0.98, 95% CI 1.04-1.01, p = 0.022) were independent risk factors for BMPs, and the area under the curve value was 0.915 (95% CI 0.895-0.935). If the serum 25(OH)D level was <50 nmol/L, the respective percentages for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 97, 81, 78.9, and 97.6%. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with MPP, and 25(OH)D levels are closely associated with inflammatory factors and disease severity in children. The serum 25 (OH) D level of MPP children with BMPs was lower than that of children without BMPs. Serum 25(OH)D can be used as a marker for the diagnosis of MPP in children with BMPs.

A preliminary study on the combination of group screening and opportunistic screening for gastric cancer / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To evaluate the new model of group screening combined with opportunistic screening for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.Methods:Group screening combined with opportunistic screening was used for gastric cancer screening. (1) Group screening. Cluster sampling was used to screen gastric cancer by endoscopy in high-risk population (aged 40-<70 years) of rural residents in Weihai from July 2017 to December 2020, and biopsy was obtained for histopathology if necessary. Main collection parameters included the detection rate of advanced gastric cancer, early gastric cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN). (2) Opportunistic screening. The changes of the detection rates of early gastric cancer in opportunistic screening in 2 hospitals in Weihai area were observed during the same period of time.Results:(1) In group screening, from July 2017 to December 2020, the first batch of 8 000 cases of gastric cancer screening were completed. The cases of advanced gastric cancer, early gastric cancer and HGIN were 36, 28, and 62, respectively. The detection rates of gastric cancer and early gastric cancer were 0.80% (64/8 000) and 43.75% (28/64), respectively. The proportion of early gastric cancer+HGIN who received endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was 77.78% (70/90), and the rate of curative resection was 100.00%(70/70). (2) Opportunistic screening: from July 2017 to December 2020, the annual early gastric cancer detection rates in opportunistic screening in Wendeng District Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital were 16.67% (1/6), 20.00% (3/15), 23.53% (4/17), and 33.33% (6/18) in the consecutive 4 years, respectively. The annual detection rates of early gastric cancer in opportunistic screening in Ru Shan Peoples Hospital were 14.74% (14/95), 23.80% (60/252), 25.49% (65/255), and 24.04% (50/208), respectively. The detection rates of opportunistic screening for early gastric cancer in hospitals in Weihai city increased year by year.Conclusion:In areas with high incidence of gastric cancer, a certain scale of group screening can lead to a wider range of opportunistic screening, resulting in the increase of the detection rate of early gastric cancer. The new model of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer is worth recommendation.

The curative effect analysis of transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation and resection of the prostate for patients with small and medium-sized benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To study the efficacy of transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation and resection of the prostate (TUERP) in the treatment of patients with small and medium-sized benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (<60 ml).Methods:102 clinical cases of BPH (volume <60 ml) in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from October 2018 to July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were treated with TUERP. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual volume (PVR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were compared before and after operation. Then the operation efficiency, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications incidence rate were analyzed.Results:102 patients with BPH successfully completed the operation. The operation time was 34-69(52.8±8.1)min. The change of hemoglobin concentration during the operation was (10.0±4.9)g/L. The volume of prostate resection was 16.5-42(27.8±5.9)g. The postoperative pathology showed that the prostate was nodular hyperplasia. Among 102 patients, 5 patients had transient stress urinary incontinence (4.90%), 4 patients had capsule perforation (3.93%), and 2 patients had urethral stricture (1.96%). There were significant differences in IPSS, Qmax, PVR and PSA with the comparison of preoperation and postoperation (six months) (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation and resection of the prostate is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with small and medium-sized benign prostatic hyperplasia (<60 ml). It has the characteristics of high resection efficiency, less bleeding, low incidence of complications and exact curative effect.

Risk factors for syncope in children with severe idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the risk factors for syncope in children with severe idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Methods: Forty-four patients (age<18 years) with IPAH admitted to the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital between May 2011 and October 2021 were retrospectively included. Patients were devided into syncope group and non-syncope group. Clinical manifestation and hemodynamic parameters including echocardiography, blood tests, right heart catheterization and acute pulmonary vascular expansion test were compared between two groups. Comparisons between groups were performed with unpaired Student t test, or Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for parameters with statistically significant differences between groups and analyze the statistical correlation. Results: Among the 44 patients, 16 were males, the onset age was (7.2±3.9) years. Twenty-four (55%) children presented with 1 to 11 times of episodes of syncope, and 18 cases of whom induced by physical activity. Syncope group had a larger proportion of New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart function class Ⅲ-Ⅳ (67% (16/24) vs. 25% (5/20), χ2=7.59, P=0.006), higher brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) value ((251±39) vs. (61±40) pg/L, t=-2.18, P=0.035), higher pulmonary-to-aorta diameter ratio (1.6±0.4 vs. 1.4±0.2, t=-2.25, P=0.030) and larger pulmonary vascular resistance index ((22±11) vs. (16±7) WU/m2, t=-2.13, P=0.039) compared with non-syncope group. The proportion of patent foramen ovale (4% (1/24) vs. 45% (9/20), χ2=10.36, P=0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ((68±5)% vs. (72±8)%, t=2.23, P=0.031) and the positive rate of acute pulmonary vascular expansion test (8% (2/24) vs. 35% (7/20), χ2=4.77, P=0.029) of syncope group were significantly lower than those of non-syncope group. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that NYHA heart function Ⅲ-Ⅳ (OR=6.787, 95%CI 1.445-31.880), pulmonary vascular resistance index (OR=1.247, 95%CI 1.020-1.525) and BNP (OR=1.036, 95%CI 1.007-1.066) were independent risk factors for syncope. The patent foramen ovale (OR=0.010, 95%CI 0.000-0.586) was a protective factor for syncope. Conclusions: NYHA cardiac function grade, pulmonary vascular resistance index and BNP are independent risk factors for syncope. Patent foramen ovale is a protective factor for syncope. Exercise is the main inducement of syncope in children with IPAH.

A comparative analysis of the distribution of the high-risk population of upper gastrointestinal cancer and endoscopic screening compliance in two urban areas and two rural areas in China / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To analyze and compare the distribution of the high-risk population of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer and the factors influencing the compliance rate of endoscopic screening in urban China and rural China. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, an epidemiological survey was conducted on residents aged 40-69 in two rural areas (Luoshan county of Henan province, Sheyang county of Jiangsu province) and two urban areas (Changsha city of Hunan province, Harbin city of Heilongjiang province). As a result, high-risk individuals were recommended for endoscopic screening. Chi-square χ(2) test was used to compare the high-risk rate of UGI cancer between urban and rural residents. In addition, the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the compliance rate of endoscopic screening. Results: A total of 48, 310 residents aged 40-69 were enrolled in this study, including 22 870 (47.34%) residents from rural areas and 25 440 (52.66%) residents from urban areas. A total of 23 532 individuals were assessed with a high risk of UGI cancer, with an overall risk rate of 48.71%. A higher proportion of participants with high risk was observed in rural China (56.17%, 12 845/22 870) than in urban China (42.01%, 10 687/25 440). A total of 10 971 high-risk individuals with UGI cancer participated in endoscopic screening, with an overall compliance rate of 46.62% (10 971/23 532), 45.15% (5 799/12 845) in rural China, and 48.40% (5 172/10 687) in urban China. In rural population, the compliance rate of endoscopic screening was higher in those of females, aged 50-69 years, primary school education or above, high income, a family history of UGI cancer, history of gastric and duodenal ulcer, history of reflux esophagitis, and history of superficial gastritis, but lower in smokers (P<0.05). Among the urban population, the compliance rate of endoscopic screening was higher in those aged 40-49 years, uneducated, low income, family history of UGI cancer, history of reflux esophagitis, history of superficial gastritis, but lower in smokers (P<0.05). Conclusions: The proportion of participants with high risk of UGI cancer in rural areas is higher than that of urban areas. The compliance rates of endoscopic screening in urban and rural areas are low, and influencing factors of endoscopic screening exhibit some differences in rural China and urban China.

Application of fractional exhaled nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide in control evaluation of bronchial asthma and diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the association of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) with asthma control and their value in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 186 children aged 5-12 years, who attended the outpatient service of the Department of Respiration, Shanghai Children's Hospital due to bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis or who underwent physical examination, were enrolled as subjects, with 52 children in the asthma group, 60 children in the asthma+allergic rhinitis group, 36 children in the allergic rhinitis group, and 38 children in the control group. FeNO, nNO, and pulmonary function were compared between groups.@*RESULTS@#The asthma+allergic rhinitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis groups had a significantly higher level of FeNO than the control group (P<0.05). The asthma+allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis groups had a significantly higher level of nNO than the asthma and control groups (P<0.05). The uncontrolled asthma and partially controlled asthma groups had significantly higher levels of FeNO and nNO than the completely controlled asthma group (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that nNO had an area under the ROC curve of 0.91, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 89.5% in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in children with asthma (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combined measurement of nNO and FeNO can be used to evaluate the control of asthma, and the measurement of nNO can help with the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in children with bronchial asthma.

Application of Internet of Things Technology in Isolation Ward / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on the existing information construction foundation of the isolation ward of the hospital, according to the relevant guidelines issued by the National Health Commission, the management of environmental isolation, disinfection, medical staff management and patient management are discussed, combining the application of Internet of things technology in hospital management, a series of new applications with distinctive features of Internet of Things (IoT) are built, and advanced technology and equipment such as Internet of Things are introduced. Realize the application scenario, implementation method and business mode of intelligent IoT in isolation ward, form an integrated data management center and monitoring system through data intelligent IoT, aggregation and operation, and realize the digital collection, processing, storage, transmission and analysis of medical information, equipment information, personnel information and management information, so as to realize medical closed-loop management, reduce the hidden danger of medical safety in isolated wards and improve the level of medical quality.

Individual control of urine volume to improve stability of bladder volume in radiotherapy of urinary tumor / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the training mode of individual urine volume control, to take indi-vidual expected urine volume as the goal of bladder control in patients with urinary system tumors, and to improve the accuracy of bladder control during radiotherapy by active training of bladder receptivity.@*METHODS@#Twenty-five patients of urinary system tumors were enrolled from May 2019 to September 2019, of whom, 21 patients had prostate cancer, and 4 had bladder cancer. Training of bladder filling started before CT simulation. The patients were required to take the individual bladder filling as the training goal, and the optimal bladder volume range was suggested to be 200－400 mL. After 2－4 weeks of training, the prescribed volume of the bladder was determined according to the patient's bladder receptivity. The volume of the bladder was measured by images of plain CT and images 8-minutes after intravenous contrast injection. The patient's bladder volume was measured using BladderScan before treatment. CBCT (Cone-beam CT) was performed, and bladder volume was measured before treatment. The bladder volume was measured again using BladderScan after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The mean bladder volume of simulation (VCT01) was (262±130) mL, ranging from 78 mL to 505 mL. The mean self-evaluation bladder volume before radiotherapy (VEVA01) was (238±107) mL, ranging from 100 mL to 400 mL. The mean BladderScan measured volume before radiotherapy (VBVI01) was (253±123) mL, ranging from 60 mL to 476 mL. The mean cone-beam CT measured volume before radiotherapy (VCBCT) was (270±120) mL, ranging from 104 mL to 513 mL. There was a correlation between VEVA01 and VBVI01, VCT01 and VBVI01, VCT01, and VBVI01, and there was no significant difference in paired t-test. There was a correlation between differences of self-evaluation bladder volume before radiotherapy(VEVA01) and simulation CT (VCT01) and differences of self-evaluation bladder volume before radiotherapy (VEVA01) and cone-beam CT (VCBCT), and there was no significant difference in paired samples by t-test.@*CONCLUSION@#During radiotherapy for urinary system tumors, such as prostate cancer and bladder cancer, with the assistance of BladderScan, the patients could try to hold their urine moderately according to their conditions, and individualized bladder prescription may be beneficial to achieve stable bladder volume during radiotherapy.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis of vascular endothelial cells after hypoxia/re-oxygenation induction based on microarray technology / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVE@#To provide comprehensive data to understand mechanisms of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) response to hypoxia/re-oxygenation.@*METHODS@#Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were employed to construct hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced VEC transcriptome profiling. Cells incubated under 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2 for 3 h followed by 95% air and 5% CO2 for 1 h were used in the hypoxia/re-oxygenation group. Those incubated only under 95% air and 5% CO2 were used in the normoxia control group.@*RESULTS@#By using a well-established microarray chip consisting of 58 339 probes, the study identified 372 differentially expressed genes. While part of the genes are known to be VEC hypoxia/re-oxygenation-related, serving as a good control, a large number of genes related to VEC hypoxia/re-oxygenation were identified for the first time. Through bioinformatic analysis of these genes, we identified that multiple pathways were involved in the reaction. Subsequently, we applied real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot techniques to validate the microarray data. It was found that the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, like pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1), was also consistently up-regulated in the hypoxia/re-oxygenation group. STRING analysis found that significantly differentially expressed genes SLC38A3, SLC5A5, Lnc-SLC36A4-1, and Lnc-PLEKHJ1-1 may have physical or/and functional protein-protein interactions with PHLDA1.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The data from this study have built a foundation to develop many hypotheses to further explore the hypoxia/re-oxygenation mechanisms, an area with great clinical significance for multiple diseases.

Unbiased transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct effects of immune deficiency in CNS function with and without injury

The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is considered an immune privileged system as it is separated from the periphery by the blood brain barrier (BBB). Yet, immune functions have been postulated to heavily influence the functional state of the CNS, especially after injury or during neurodegeneration. There is controversy regarding whether adaptive immune responses are beneficial or detrimental to CNS injury repair. In this study, we utilized immunocompromised SCID mice and subjected them to spinal cord injury (SCI). We analyzed motor function, electrophysiology, histochemistry, and performed unbiased RNA-sequencing. SCID mice displayed improved CNS functional recovery compared to WT mice after SCI. Weighted gene-coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of spinal cord transcriptomes revealed that SCID mice had reduced expression of immune function-related genes and heightened expression of neural transmission-related genes after SCI, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis and was consistent with better functional recovery. Transcriptomic analyses also indicated heightened expression of neurotransmission-related genes before injury in SCID mice, suggesting that a steady state of immune-deficiency potentially led to CNS hyper-connectivity. Consequently, SCID mice without injury demonstrated worse performance in Morris water maze test. Taken together, not only reduced inflammation after injury but also dampened steady-state immune function without injury heightened the neurotransmission program, resulting in better or worse behavioral outcomes respectively. This study revealed the intricate relationship between immune and nervous systems, raising the possibility for therapeutic manipulation of neural function via immune modulation.

Expression levels of serum nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase intheUy-ghur and Han nationality patients with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury in Xinjiang / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore the expression levels of serum nitric oxide(NO)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) between Han and Uyghur nationality patients with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury(ATDLI). Methods Patients with confirmed ATDLI in Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and First Affiliated Hos-pital of the Medical College of Shihezi University between January 2015 and May 2016 were chosen and divided into Han group and Uyghur group.By detecting the expression levels of NO and NOS in serum of ATDLI patients,ex-pression levels of serum NO and NOS in ATDLI patients of different gender,body mass index(BMI),and liver function injury were compared.Results 100 ATDLI patients in Han group and 135 in Uyghur group were recruited in study. Expression levels of NO and TNOS in Han group were(134.24±27.60)μmol/L and(33.01 ±4.23)U/mL respectively,in Uyghur groups were(97.10±17.41)μmol/L and(27.41 ±3.95)U/mL respectively,serum levels of NO,TNOS,iNOS,and eNOS in Han patients were all higher than Uyghur patients,difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). In Han ATDLI group,serum levels of NO and TNOS in male patients were both higher than female patients(P<0.05);in Uyghur ATDLI group,serum levels of NO,TNOS,and iNOS in male patients were all higher than female patients(P<0.01). The expression levels of serum NO,TNOS,and iNOS of Han group were all higher than the same gender in Uyghur group(P<0.001),difference in levels of NO and TNOS among different body mass index(BMI)groups in Han and Uyghur patients were both statistically significant(P<0.01). In both group,levels of NO and TNOS in obese patients were both higher than lean patients and normal weight patients(P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that NO levels of Han and Uyghur groups were both positively correlated with BMI(r=0.444,0.677,respectively,P<0.01). There were significant differences in serum NO and NOS levels between Han and Uyghur patients with different degrees of liver injury(P<0.05);NO and NOS levels in both groups with mild liver injury were both lower than those with moderate and severe injury (P<0.001).Conclusion Serum NO and NOS levels between ATDLI Han group and Uyghur group are different,serum NO level is related to BMI,and it can increase with the degree of liver injury.

Finite Element Analysis on Small Splint for the Treatment of Intra-Articular Fracture of Distal Radius / 医用生物力学

Objective To explore the application scope of small splint in the treatment of type-C distal radius fractures. Methods According to CT scan data from the right forearm of a healthy male volunteer, the three-dimensional model of normal distal radius was established. According to AO classification, the fracture line based on normal model was divided to establish nine kinds of high-order tetrahedral mesh models of the upper forearm with C-type fracture. Finite element analysis on nine kinds of fracture models was conducted in ANSYS 15.0 software to obtain the corresponding stress values, and then the stress distribution contours were generated. Results As soft tissues of the wrist were thin with more fracture blocks, after the splint was fixed, the stress on the wrist under 100 N maximum physiological axial load was significantly larger compared with that on the other parts, and the compressive stress was mainly concentrated on the wrist joint. The fixed effect of C2.2, C2.3, C3.2, C3.3-type fracture by small splint was relatively poor, as such comminuted fracture would cause too many and too small fracture blocks, while the fixed effect of C1.1, C1.2, C1.3, C2.1 and C3.1-type fracture was better. Conclusions Through the related finite element study on the treatment of C-type fracture distal radius with small splint, the application scope of small splint was preliminarily determined, which could provide some reference for clinical work.

Identification and function analysis of neuroprotective targets group of modified Wuzi Yanzong pill / 中国中药杂志

Targets group identification in complex Chinese medicine system is a key step for revealing the potential mechanism of Chinese medicine. The solid beads with magnetic core and benzophenone-modified surface were made in our study, and then benzophenone was activated and cross-linked with the C-H bonds of chemical compositions in Chinese medicines under UV excitation. Thus the chemical compositions of modified Wuzi Yanzong pill(MWP) were linked to the solid bead surface, and enriched the neuroprotective targets group of MWP after being co-incubated with nerve cell lysate. We performed proteomics analysis on these targets and discovereda total of 32 potential binding targets. KEGG analysis revealed that these targets were mainly associated with Hippo and Cell cycle signaling pathways, suggesting that MWP might be involved in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Our findings elucidate the potential targets and mechanism of MWP on anti-dementia and neuroprotection, and further providean approach for investigating the targets group in complex Chinese medicine system. This novel method may provide methodological references for exploring the pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicinal formulae in the future.

Clinical study for the effect of nano-carbon tracer on the dissection of central group lymph nodes in thyroid cancers / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:to explore the effect of nano-carbon tracer on the dissection of central group lymph nodes in thyroid cancers.Methods:60 patients with thyroid cancers enrolled from January 2015 to December 2015 in our hospital were selected as research objects.Tracing group contained 30 cases would carry out nano-carbon tracer for the dissection of lymph nodes,while the other 30 patients without using nano-carbon tracer were defined as control group.The number of dissected lymph nodes,the discovery rate of positive lymph nodes and the postoperative parathyroid function were made a comparison between the two groups.Results:the total number of dissected lymph nodes in the tracing group was more than the control group (269 vs 204).The average number of dissected lymph nodes in the tracing group (8.97 ± 1.65/case) was also significantly more than the control group(6.8 ± 1.52/case)(P＜0.05).In the tracing group,the total discovery rate of positive lymph nodes was 40.15％,while the control group was 37.25％.Therefore,the average number of dissected positive lymph nodes in the tracing group (3.6 ± 1.16/case) was significantly more than the control group (2.53 ± 1.17/case)(P＜0.05).Observation of the postoperative adverse reactions,there were fewer patients suffering hypocalcemia or recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in the tracing group compared to the control group.In detail,although the blood calcium levels on the 2nd day after operation in both two groups decreased compared with preoperative baseline values,significantly statistical difference was only observed in the control group with 2.173 ±0.20mmol/L in postoperation vs 2.28 ± 0.06mmol/L in pre-operation (P＜0.05).What's more,the blood calcium level in the tracing group on the 2nd day after operation (2.27 ± 0.19mmol/L) was significantly higher than the control group (2.173 ± 0.20mmol/L)(P＜0.05).Besides,the postoperative PTH levels in both two groups reduced in some degree compared to the preoperative baseline values,but there were no statistical differences (P＞0.05).Conclusion:using nano-carbon tracer during the operation would be benefit for the dissection of positive central group lymph nodes,the recognition of parathyroid glands and reduction of postoperative adverse reactions.

New mode for remote image diagnosis / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore a new mode for remote image diagnosis and to study the development direction of remote image diagnosis in China.Methods The problems and countermeasures of remote image diagnosis in China were pointed out with considerations on its development in foreign countries and China as well as China's national medicine development plan.The present situation and problems of remote image diagnosis were summarized,and some countermeasures were put forward accordingly.Results Internet+ was involved in the upgrade of remote image diagnosis to realize optimized distribution of qualified medical resources,graded medical service,high convenience of the patient as well as high efficient of the doctor and hospital.Conclusion The new mode solves the problems in the existing remote image diagnosis,benefits multi aspects regarding to medical service,and contributes to national medical reformation and medical service transformation.

Clinical study for the effect of nano-carbon tracer on the dissection of central group lymph nodes in thyroid cancers / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:to explore the effect of nano-carbon tracer on the dissection of central group lymph nodes in thyroid cancers.Methods:60 patients with thyroid cancers enrolled from January 2015 to December 2015 in our hospital were selected as research objects.Tracing group contained 30 cases would carry out nano-carbon tracer for the dissection of lymph nodes,while the other 30 patients without using nano-carbon tracer were defined as control group.The number of dissected lymph nodes,the discovery rate of positive lymph nodes and the postoperative parathyroid function were made a comparison between the two groups.Results:the total number of dissected lymph nodes in the tracing group was more than the control group (269 vs 204).The average number of dissected lymph nodes in the tracing group (8.97 ± 1.65/case) was also significantly more than the control group(6.8 ± 1.52/case)(P＜0.05).In the tracing group,the total discovery rate of positive lymph nodes was 40.15％,while the control group was 37.25％.Therefore,the average number of dissected positive lymph nodes in the tracing group (3.6 ± 1.16/case) was significantly more than the control group (2.53 ± 1.17/case)(P＜0.05).Observation of the postoperative adverse reactions,there were fewer patients suffering hypocalcemia or recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in the tracing group compared to the control group.In detail,although the blood calcium levels on the 2nd day after operation in both two groups decreased compared with preoperative baseline values,significantly statistical difference was only observed in the control group with 2.173 ±0.20mmol/L in postoperation vs 2.28 ± 0.06mmol/L in pre-operation (P＜0.05).What's more,the blood calcium level in the tracing group on the 2nd day after operation (2.27 ± 0.19mmol/L) was significantly higher than the control group (2.173 ± 0.20mmol/L)(P＜0.05).Besides,the postoperative PTH levels in both two groups reduced in some degree compared to the preoperative baseline values,but there were no statistical differences (P＞0.05).Conclusion:using nano-carbon tracer during the operation would be benefit for the dissection of positive central group lymph nodes,the recognition of parathyroid glands and reduction of postoperative adverse reactions.