Sex Disparity in Stroke Mortality among Adults: A Time Series Analysis in the Greater Vitoria Region, Brazil (2000-2021).

The disparity between the sexes in stroke mortality has been demonstrated in people from different locations. The objective of this study was to analyze the disparity between sexes in stroke mortality in adults in the metropolitan area of Greater Vitoria between 2000 and 2021. Ecological time series design was conducted with a database of the Brazilian Health System Informatics Department. The annual percentage change and average annual percentage change were calculated through joinpoint regression. Pairwise comparisons using parallelism and coincidence tests were applied to compare temporal trends between men and women. Men had higher mortality rates in most years between 2000 and 2021. In contrast, women had higher proportional mortality values in all years evaluated from 2000 to 2021. The paired comparison revealed a disparity between the sexes in the proportional mortality time series (parallelism test: p = 0.003; coincidence test: p < 0.001). However, the time series of the mortality rates showed no disparity between the sexes (parallelism test: p = 0.114; coincidence test: p = 0.093). From 2000 to 2021, there was a disparity in proportional mortality from stroke between the sexes of the population in the metropolitan area of Greater Vitoria, Brazil. However, the time series of mortality rates between the sexes did not reveal any disparity in the study period.

A rapid and sensitive High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method with fluorescence detection for quantification of melatonin in small volume rat plasma samples: application to a preclinical study to determine the oral pharmacokinetics of melatonin under gestational conditions

Abstract A novel, simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method was developed and validated for the characterization of the preclinical pharmacokinetics of melatonin under pregnant conditions. Plasma samples (25 µL) were treated with 30 µL of ethanol absolute (containing the internal standard, IS). After a centrifugation process, aliquots of supernant (5 µL) were injected into the chromatographic system. Compounds were eluted on a Xbridge C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) maintained at 30°C. The mobile phase consisted in a mixture of aqueous solution of 0.4% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v). The wavelengths were set at 305 nm (excitation) and 408 nm (emission) and the total analysis time was 8 min/sample. All validation tests were obtained with accuracy and precision, according to FDA guidelines, over the concentration range of 0.005-20 µg/mL. Pharmacokinetic study showed that melatonin systemic exposure increased from day 14, with a significant difference at 19 days of gestation compared to the control group. Our findings suggest a decreased metabolism of melatonin as result of temporary physiological changes that occur throughout pregnancy. However, other maternal physiological changes cannot be ruled out.

Doble revisión de colon derecho vs revisión simple durante lacolonoscopia para la detección de pólipos y adenomas de colon: revisión sistemática de la literatura

El tamizaje por colonoscopia es un método efectivo para prevenir cáncer de colon a traves de la detección de pólipos sobre los cuales se desarrolla en un mayor porcentaje el cáncer de colon; sin embargo la detección de estas lesiones varía en los diferentes segmentos del colon y de ellos en colon derecho su tasa detección suele ser menor. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar si la doble revisión endoscópica de colon derecho durante la colonoscopia es un mecanismo para mejorar su rendimiento en cuanto a la tasa de detección de pólipos (TDP) y la tasa de detección de adenomas (TDA). Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de la literatura de estudios clínicos aleatorizados que realizaron una doble revisión del colon derecho por colonoscopia comparado con una revisión simple para mejorar la detección de pólipos y adenomas. El protocolo de esta revisión se publicó en PROSPERO bajo el código CRD42022356509. Resultados: Se incluyeron 5 estudios que incluyeron 2729 participantes. Se informó la detección de pólipos en 585/1197 pacientes (48,87%) después de la segunda revisión, en comparación con 537/1206 (44,52%) de los pacientes que recibieron una única examinación (p < 0,05), para un RR combinado de 1,09 (IC 95%: 0,97-1,23) (I2 fue de 44%). Se informó la detección de adenomas en 830/1513 pacientes (54,75%) después de la segunda revisión, en comparación con 779/1509 (51,62%) de los pacientes que recibieron una única examinación (p < 0,05), para un RR combinado de 1,06 (IC 95%: 1,00-1,13) (I2 fue de 0%). Conclusión: La segunda examinación del colon derecho por colonoscopia puede tener una modesta mejoría en la detección de pólipos y adenomas.

Colonoscopy screening is an effective method to prevent colon cancer through the detection of polyps on which colon cancer develops in a higher percentage; however, the detection of these lesions varies in the different segments of the colon and the detection rate of them in the right colon is usually lower. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate whether double endoscopic revision of the right colon during colonoscopy is a mechanism to improve its performance in terms of polyp detection rate (TDP) and adenoma detection rate (ADR). Materials and methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature including randomized clinical trials that evaluated repeat right-sight examination by colonoscopy compared to standard view to improve detection of polyps and adenomas. The protocol for this decision was published in PROSPERO under the code CRD42022356509. Results: Five studies involving 2729 participants were included. Polyp detection was reported in 585/1197 patients (48.87%) after the second review, compared with 537/1206 (44.52%) of patients who received a single examination (p< 0.05), for a combined RR of 1.09 (95% CI: 0.97-1.23) (I2 was 44%). Detection of adenomas was reported in 830/1513 patients (54.75%) after the second review, compared with 779/1509 (51.62%) of patients who received a single examination (p < 0.05), for a combined RR of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00-1.13) (I2 was 0%). Conclusion: Second examination of the right colon by colonoscopy may have a modest improvement in the detection of polyps and adenomas.

Effect of Atomized Black Maca (Lepidium meyenii) Supplementation in the Cryopreservation of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Epididymal Spermatozoa.

Artificial insemination is an important assisted reproductive technology that has been applied in several mammalian species. However, successful cryopreservation of semen of South American camelids has been limited, hindering the commercial application of artificial insemination in alpaca species. In this scenario, the addition of antioxidants to semen extenders provides a strategy to improve the freezability of mammalian sperm. Bioactive metabolites from natural extracts of black maca have shown valuable antioxidant properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of atomized black maca in the freezing medium of epididymal spermatozoa of alpacas. Fifteen pairs of epididymis were collected from a local slaughterhouse. Each sample was divided into six groups: (1) fresh, (2) yolk medium (YM), (3) 10 mg/mL maca, (4) 20 mg/mL maca, (5) 30 mg/mL maca, and (6) resveratrol (as an antioxidant control). Sperm cryopreservation was performed through the slow freezing method. Markers associated with functionality, such as motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity, as well as markers associated with oxidative damage, such as DNA integrity, total ROS production, and mitochondrial function, were analyzed. The results show that the supplementation with black maca (20 mg/mL) improved the sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial function evaluated according to an index of formazan deposits. Similarly, the ROS production decreased with maca at 20 mg/mL, although the DNA integrity did not show any differences among the groups. These results suggest that maca at 20 mg/mL has cytoprotective effects during freezing/thawing of epididymal sperm of alpaca species. Further research will be focused on assessing the effects of maca supplementation on semen extenders by using biomolecular markers (proAKAP4) associated with fertility.

[Double review of the right colon vs single review during colonoscopy for the detection of colon polyps and adenomas: systematic review of the literature]. / Doble revisión de colon derecho vs revisión simple durante la colonoscopia para la detección de pólipos y adenomas de colon: revisión sistemática de la literatura.

Colonoscopy screening is an effective method to prevent colon cancer through the detection of polyps on which colon cancer develops in a higher percentage; however, the detection of these lesions varies in the different segments of the colon and the detection rate of them in the right colon is usually lower. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate whether double endoscopic revision of the right colon during colonoscopy is a mechanism to improve its performance in terms of polyp detection rate (TDP) and adenoma detection rate (ADR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature including randomized clinical trials that evaluated repeat right-sight examination by colonoscopy compared to standard view to improve detection of polyps and adenomas. The protocol for this decision was published in PROSPERO under the code CRD42022356509. RESULTS: Five studies involving 2729 participants were included. Polyp detection was reported in 585/1197 patients (48.87%) after the second review, compared with 537/1206 (44.52%) of patients who received a single examination (p< 0.05), for a combined RR of 1.09 (95% CI: 0.97-1.23) (I2 was 44%). Detection of adenomas was reported in 830/1513 patients (54.75%) after the second review, compared with 779/1509 (51.62%) of patients who received a single examination (p < 0.05), for a combined RR of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00-1.13) (I2 was 0%). CONCLUSION: Second examination of the right colon by colonoscopy may have a modest improvement in the detection of polyps and adenomas.

Epicardial adipose tissue thickness is related to early subclinical myocardial dysfunction, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac myofibrillary dysfunction, which can be measure by echocardiographical strain value, represents an early subclinical manifestation of heart failure. Epicardial Adipose tissue (EAT) is related to low degree inflammation and oxidative damage in the adjacent tissue. AIM: To explore whether EAT affects early myocardial dysfunction, as assessed strain values. METHODS: Case-Control design. Patients lacking clinical significant heart failure, thyroid or renal disease or malignant abnormalities were included. Clinical-demographic and biochemical data were collected. EAT and myofibril deformation were measured by echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients were analyzed, and further subdivided according to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (t2DM). Higher strain value (higher than -22.4%cut-off value) was associated with male sex and higher anthropometric and metabolic risk measures; particularly those with t2DM. Higher EAT was also associated higher strain value (AUC = 0.92 ± 0.06, p = 0.004), and further correlation was evidenced (rho = 0.488, p < 0.001), with significant influence of t2DM. CONCLUSION: EAT was related to strain value, suggesting the influence of cardiac adipose tissue on the deformability of cardiac myofibril, with a more significant effect in the population with t2DM.

The metabolic phenotype of the patient influences the reduction in carotid intima-media thickness achieved following metabolic surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether metabolic phenotype is associated with the change in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients undergoing bariatric /metabolic surgery (BMS). METHODS: We performed a case-control study of BMS candidates who had metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) or metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). We measured the change in CIMT during the 9 months following BMS. The plasma tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, adiponectin, leptin, nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and malondialdehyde concentrations were determined, adipocyte area was measured histologically, and adipose tissue area was estimated using computed tomography. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients (mean age 44.5 years, mean body mass index 44.9 kg/m2, 53% women, and 53% had MUO) were studied. Nine months following BMS, the MUO phenotype was not associated with a significant reduction in CIMT, and that of the MHO group was larger. In addition, fewer participants achieved a 10% reduction in CIMT in the MUO group. A CIMT reduction was associated with lower VEGF-A and NO in the MUO group, while that in the MHO group was associated with a higher NO concentration. CONCLUSION: The metabolic phenotype of patients may influence their change in CIMT following BMS, probably through circulating vasodilatory and pro-inflammatory molecules.

Diagnostic Performance of AST Scale in Mexican Male Population for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome.

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) represents an adverse consequence of chronic alcohol use that may lead to serious complications. Therefore, AWS requires timely attention based on its early recognition, where easy-to-apply diagnostic tools are desirable. Our aim was to characterize the performance of a short-scale AST (Anxiety, Sweats, Tremors) in patients from public general hospitals. We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients attended at the Emergency Department diagnosed with AWS. Three scales were applied: CIWA-Ar (Clinical Institute Retirement Assessment Scale-Revised), GMAWS (Glasgow Modified Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome) and AST. Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's kappa tests were used for reliability and concordance. Factorial analysis and diagnostic performance including ROC curve were carried out. Sixty-eight males with a mean age of 41.2 years old, with high school education and robust alcohol consumption, were included. Mean scores for CIWA-Ar, GMWAS and AST were 17.4 ± 11.2, 3.9 ± 2.3 and 3.8 ± 2.6, respectively, without significant differences. The AST scale showed an acceptable reliability and concordance (0.852 and 0.439; p < 0.0001) compared with CIWA-Ar and GMAWS. AST component analysis evidenced tremor (77.5% variance), sweat (12.1% variance) and anxiety (10.4% variance). Diagnostic performance of the AST scale was similar to the GMAWS scale, evidencing a sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 83.3% and Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.837 to discriminate severe AWS, according to CIWA-Ar. The performance of the AST scale to evaluate AWS is comparable with the commonly used CIWA-Ar and GMAWS scales. AST further represents an easy-to-apply instrument.

Nudo verdadero de cordón umbilical, hallazgo incidental al nacimiento. Reporte de 4 casos en un hospital de tercer nivel / True Umbilical Cord Knot, an Incidental Finding at Birth. Report of 4 Cases in a Third Level Hospital

Resumen El nudo verdadero de cordón umbilical es una patología con una incidencia relativamente baja. Se asocia a riesgo de pérdida del bienestar fetal y muerte perinatal. Existen factores de riesgo tanto maternos como fetales, con diferentes resultados perinatales asociados. El diagnóstico prenatal es un reto para el obstetra y la mayoría de casos son hallazgos al nacimiento, sin embargo, hoy en día se dispone de métodos ecográficos para su búsqueda intencionada, principalmente en pacientes con factores de riesgo. De igual forma debe sospecharse ante la presencia de un registro cardiotocográfico no tranquilizante, sobre todo cuando no existe respuesta a las maniobras habituales de reanimación intrauterina, como la posición en decúbito lateral izquierdo, oxígeno suplementario e hidratación materna. El objetivo del presente reporte es describir 4 casos de nudo verdadero en embarazos a término en un hospital de tercer nivel, en donde se estimó una incidencia del 0.03%, con una edad gestacional promedio de 39.3 semanas y una media de edad materna de 32.2 años. Los principales hallazgos intraparto fueron alteraciones en el registro cardiotocográfico, tales como desaceleraciones variables y tardías. La resolución del embarazo fue por vía vaginal en 2 de las pacientes, mientras que las otras 2 se resolvieron mediante cesárea. Se registró un caso de muerte perinatal.

Abstract The true umbilical cord knot is a pathology with an incidence relatively low. It is associated with the risk of loss of fetal well-being and stillbirth. There are both maternal and fetal risk factors, with different associated perinatal outcomes. Prenatal diagnosis of a true knot is a diagnostic challenge for the obstetrician, however, nowadays it is possible by ultrasound for incidental finding or by intentional search, mainly in patients with risk factors. In the same way it should be suspected in the presence of a non-reassuring cardiotocography, especially when there is no response to the usual intrauterine resuscitation maneuvers, such as left lateral decubitus position, supplemental oxygen and maternal hydration. The purpose of this report is to describe 4 cases of true knot in term pregnancies, in a third level hospital, where an incidence of 0.03% was estimated,, with a mean gestational age of 39.3 weeks and a mean maternal age of 32.2 years. The main intrapartum findings were alterations in the cardiotocography, such as variable and late decelerations. The route of pregnancy resolution was equitable among the patients, 2 were resolved by vaginal delivery and the other 2 by cesarean section. Pregnancy was resolved by vaginal delivery in 2 of the patients, while the other 2 were resolved by cesarean section. One case of stillbirth was registered

Diagnóstico, manejo y tratamiento actual del mielomeningocele fetal / Current diagnosis, management and treatment of fetal myelomeningocele

Introducción: El mielomeningocele fetal, es la extrusión de la médula espinal que ocurre por un cierre incompleto del neuróporo caudal, lo cual expone la placa neural al trauma mecáni-co y químico de la pared uterina y líquido amniótico respectivamente, con graves secuelas. La detección prenatal innovó el diagnóstico y con ello la reparación intra útero ha mejora-do estrategias del tratamiento, generando opciones de atención en aquellas pacientes que cumplen con los criterios de selección para cirugía prenatal. Objetivo: Presentar una revisión bibliográfica sobre diagnóstico, manejo y tratamiento del mielomeningocele fetal y ofrecer a la comunidad científica una herramienta de consulta para mejorar los conocimientos del tema y alternativas de tratamiento oportuno para los fetos con esta malformación.Material y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática sin metaanálisis, realiza-do en base a las recomendaciones PRISMA. La búsqueda de información se estructuró bajo el sistema PICO. Las búsquedas se realizaron en Pubmed, Tripdatabase y Pubmed Central; seleccionando artículos publicados durante los últimos diez años en inglés o español, sobre diagnóstico, manejo y tratamiento del mielomeningocele fetal. Resultados: 120 artículos cumplieron con criterios de búsqueda, de los cuáles fueron ele-gibles 42, con información relevante para determinar el diagnóstico, manejo y tratamiento actual del mielomeningocele fetal a través de procedimientos innovadores.Discusión: Los defectos del tubo neural aparecen como consecuencia de una alteración del proceso de neurulación entre el día 21-28 después de la concepción. El mielomeningocele fetal es considerado el defecto congénito no letal más común del SNC. Se caracteriza por la protrusión de las meninges y la médula espinal con daño neurológico permanente. Por ello el diagnóstico y manejo oportuno de esta patología, han permitido que la cirugía fetal intra útero se considere el método óptimo, mejorando la hernia del rombencéfalo, reduciendo la necesidad de una derivación ventricular y manteniendo la motricidad inferior, así como la función neuronal, vesical y gastrointestinal, mejorando la calidad de vida del paciente afecto por esta patología

Introduction: Fetal myelomeningocele is spinal cord extrusion that occurs due to the caudal neuropore incomplete closure, which exposes the neural plate to mechanical and chemical trauma to the uterus wall and amniotic fluid respectively, with serious sequelae. Prenatal detection innovated the diagnosis and with this intra-uterine repair has improved treatment strategies, generating care options in those patients who comply the selection criteria for prenatal surgery.Objective: Submit a bibliographic review on the diagnosis, management and treatment of fetal myelomeningocele and to offer the scientific community a consultation tool to improve knowledge of the subject and timely treatment alternatives for fetuses with this malformation.Materials and Methods: This is a systematic review study without meta-analysis, based on the PRISMA recommendations. The information search was structured under the PICO sys-tem. The searches were carried out in Pubmed, Tripdatabase and Pubmed Central; selecting articles published during the last ten years in English or Spanish, on diagnosis, management and treatment of fetal myelomeningocele.Results: 120 articles met the search criteria, of which 42 were eligible, with relevant informa-tion for determining the current diagnosis, management and treatment of fetal myelomenin-gocele through innovative procedures.Discussion: Neural tube defects appear as a consequence of an alteration of the neurula-tion process between days 21-28 after conception. MMCf is considered the most common non-fatal congenital defect of the CNS. It is characterized by protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord with permanent neurological damage. For this reason, the diagnosis and timely management of this pathology have allowed intra utero fetal surgery to be considered the optimal method, improving rhombencephalon hernia, reducing the need for a ventricular shunt and maintaining the lower motor skills, as well as neuronal, bladder and gastrointestinal function, improving the quality of life of the patient affected by this pathology.

Parto Prematuro: Tratamiento con nifedipino versus atosiban. Revisión Bibliográfica Teórica / Preterm Labor: nifedipine vs atosiban treatment. Bilbiographic theoretical review

Introducción: La amenaza de parto pretérmino es un problema de salud pública mundial y nacional. La prematuridad viene acompañada de complicaciones como inmadurez pulmonar y lesiones del sistema nervioso central, que requieren de tratamiento oportuno.Objetivo: Establecer una comparación objetiva de los resultados del tratamiento de la ame-naza de parto prematuro, mediante el uso de Nifedipina o Atosiban, realizando una revisión teórica actualizada del tema, con el propósito de ofrecer a la comunidad científica, una he-rramienta de consulta, sobre un tema frecuente y de alto riesgo materno fetal.Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos: Google Scholar, Pubmed, Wiley Online Library, Biomed, Scopus, Medes, Medline, Pro Quest, Gale, Scopus, y ScIELO, Se incluyeron artículos publicados en revistas indexadas de alto impacto, en los últimos 5 años. Se valoró la calidad de los artículos incluidos, utilizando la metodología de Sacket, y el riesgo de sesgo, según la metodología Cochrane. Resultados: Se observó un consenso entre los autores consultados en que no existen dife-rencias significativas en el efecto tocolítico de atosiban y nifedipino Conclusiones:La literatura académica parece coincidir en que la efectividad de atosiban y ni-fedipino como agentes tocolíticos es similar, con ambos medicamentos se consigue prolongar el embarazo con riesgo de parto pretérmino, que es el propósito fundamental de la tocolisis.

Background: The threat of preterm birth is a global and national public health problem. Prematurity is linked to complications such as pulmonary immaturity and central nervous system lesions, which require timely treatment. Objective: To perform an objective comparison of the results of the treatment of the threat of premature delivery, using nifedipine or atosiban, carrying out an updated theoretical review of the subject, to offer the scientific community a tool for research on a frequent subject of high maternal and fetal risk. Materials y Methods: There was a bibliographic search in specialized databases. Articles published in high impact indexed journals in the last 5 years were included. The quality of the articles included was assessed, using the Sacket methodology, and the risk of bias, accor-ding to the Cochrane methodology. Results: There was an agreement among the authors consulted there are no significant differences in the tocolytic effect of atosiban and nifedipine. Conclusions: The academic literature seems to agree that the effectiveness of atosiban and nifedipine as tocolytic agents is similar, with both drugs prolonging pregnancy with the risk of preterm delivery, which is the fundamental purpose of tocolysis.

Reporte de seis casos de eclampsia en un hospital rural de la selva de Chiapas / Six Cases of Reports of Eclampsia in a Rural Hospital from the Chiapas Jungle

Resumen La eclampsia es un síndrome relativamente raro e impredecible de la enfermedad hipertensiva inducida por el embarazo, caracterizado por un estado convulsivo tónico-clónico que puede o no cursar con hipertensión previa o daño orgánico. Complica aproximadamente 3 de cada 1,000 embarazos, con alta incidencia en pacientes de zonas rurales y bajo nivel socioeconómico, mujeres con preeclampsia, primigestas adolescentes y multíparas mayores de 35 años de edad. Presentamos el reporte de 6 casos de eclampsia que sucedieron en un hospital rural del estado de Chiapas, ubicado en el corazón de la Selva Lacandona. La mayoría fueron primigestas adolescentes en trabajo de parto, quienes rebasaban las 40 semanas de gestación. Todas fueron manejadas con medidas de soporte y neuroprotección con sulfato de magnesio, 5 de ellas fueron referidas a segundo nivel a la unidad de cuidados intensivos para recibir una atención integral, con un tiempo promedio de estancia de 2 días. Ninguna presentó un nuevo cuadro convulsivo. No se registraron resultados perinatales adversos ni muerte materna. El síndrome preeclampsia-eclampsia es un problema de alto impacto en el embarazo y un reto para los 3 niveles de atención, pero sobre todo para la atención en el medio rural y zonas indígenas de todo México, ya que, debido a costumbres arraigadas, las pacientes omiten el control prenatal, además de habitar en lugares con difícil acceso a hospitales o clínicas.

Abstract Eclampsia is a relatively rare and unpredictable syndrome of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease, characterized by a tonic-clonic seizure state which may or may not present hypertension or end-organ damage. It complicates approximately 3 out of 1000 pregnancies, with a high incidence in patients of low socioeconomic status and rural areas, women with pre-eclampsia, primiparous teen or multiparous women over 35 years old. We present the report of 6 cases of eclampsia that occurred in a first level rural hospital of attention in the state of Chiapas, located in the heart of the Lacandon Jungle. Most of them occurred in primiparous teen patients during labor, which exceeded 40 weeks of gestation. All were promptly managed with support measures and magnesium sulfate neuroprotection, 5 of them referred to the second level of the intensive care unit for more comprehensive care, the average length of stay was 2 days. No one presented a new seizure. No adverse perinatal outcomes or maternal death were recorded. The pre-eclampsia-eclampsia syndrome is a problem with a high impact on pregnancy and a challenge for all three levels of care, but especially for care in rural areas and indigenous areas throughout Mexico, since, due to entrenched customs, patients omit prenatal control, in addition to living in places with difficult access to hospitals or clinics.

Exploring Molecular and Electronic Property Predictions of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoflakes via Density Functional Theory.

In this research, we perform a theoretical interpretation of molecular and electronic properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoflakes through the density functional theory. Here, two pristine graphene nanoflake systems were passivated by hydrogen atoms at their edges, armchair (C58H20) and zigzag (C54H20); besides, we implemented 12 rGO systems with a range of low oxide coverage (1, 3, and 4%). Computational calculations were carried out employing the functional hybrid B3LYP and the basis 6-31G(d, p) and 6-311G(d, p) levels of theory. We brought the proposed molecular structures to a stable minimum. We determined the global reactivity descriptors through chemical potential, hardness, softness, and index of electrophilicity. Besides, the maps of electrostatic potential were generated. We found that the hydroxyl and epoxy functional groups dope the graphene molecule in p-type and n-type forms, respectively. In addition, we could attribute the increases of the oxide coverage and the chemical potential to the softness of the molecule. These results suggest that structures with this type of doping can help in developing advanced electronics of sensors and devices.

Infección por coronavirus (COVID-19) durante el embarazo y su manejo terapéutico. Una revisión bibliográfica / Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) during pregnancy and its therapeutic management. A bibliographic review

Introducción: La COVID-19, produjo una emergencia sanitaria global. Además de los pocos conocimientos sobre el efecto de esta infección en la gestación, hay dudas sobre su impacto en el producto de la gestación. A pesar de que se sabe que las embarazadas son particular-mente vulnerables, no se cuenta con un esquema de manejo particular para estas; aunque hay reportes del uso de varios fármacos, de forma similar al tratamiento en otros adultos sin gestación. Objetivo: Conocer sobre la infección por la COVID-19 en la gestación y su tratamiento. Material y Métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión teórica, como fuentes de información se tuvieron en cuenta las bibliotecas: MEDLlNE, EMBASE, PubMed y Cochrane. Se realizó una búsqueda basada en términos MeSH. Se incluyeron publicaciones sobre este tema, con diseño de revisión bibliográfica, observacional o analítico. Resultados: Se encontraron 43 publicaciones, de las que se suprimieron diez y se incluye-ron 33. Las acciones terapéuticas para el abordaje de la COVID-19 en la gestación abarca tres pilares: las acciones de prevención, el ingreso hospitalario y el manejo terapéutico indi-vidualizado. Conclusión: En las embarazadas con la COVID-19, el manejo no es diferente del utilizado en el resto de los adultos; incluye cuidados individualizados, según el estado de la paciente, encaminados a garantizar la sobrevida del binomio madre ­ feto. Se necesita más estudios para argumentar de forma objetiva estos resultados a favor de los puntos críticos de dis-cusión que están descritos en la presente revisión, ya que se trata de una enfermedad de aparición reciente.

Introduction: COVID-19 produced a global health emergency. In addition to little knowled-ge about the effect of this infection on pregnancy, there are doubts about its impact on the product of pregnancy. Although it is known that pregnant women are particularly vulnerable, there is no particular management scheme for them; although there are reports of the use of several drugs, similar to the treatment in other adults without pregnancy.Objective: Learn about the infection by COVID-19 in pregnancy and its treatmentMaterial and Methods: a theoretical review was carried out, as sources of information the libraries were taken into account: MEDLNE, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane. A search based on mesh terms was performed. Publications on this topic were included, with a biblio-graphic, observational or analytical review design.Results: 43 publications were found, of which ten were suppressed and 33 were included. Therapeutic actions to address Covid-19 in pregnancy encompass three pillars: prevention actions, hospital admission, and individualized therapeutic management.Conclusion: In pregnant women with COVID-19, the management is not different from that used in the rest of the adults; includes individualized care, according to the patient's con-dition, aimed at guaranteeing the survival of the mother-fetus binomial. More research is needed to objectively argue these results in favor of the critical points of discussion that are described in the present review, since it is a disease of recent onset.

Enfoque oncoplástico en el tratamiento quirúrgico conservador del cáncer de mama. Una revisión bibliográfica / Oncoplastic approach in the conservative surgical treatment of breast cancer. A bibliographic review

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es el más común en el mundo y constituye la principal causa de muerte en mujeres, no obstante, los avances terapéuticos han permitido aumentar sus tasas de supervivencia global, libre de enfermedad. Procurando una mejor calidad de vida surge la cirugía oncoplástica, que combina la cirugía plástica y reconstructiva en el ma-nejo quirúrgico del cáncer de mama localmente avanzado, de mayor tamaño o con ubicación desfavorable, buscando mejorar el resultado estético sin perjuicio del resultado oncológico. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica actualizada del enfoque oncoplástico en el tra-tamiento quirúrgico conservador del cáncer de mama, con el propósito de conocer sus re-sultados oncológicos y estéticos en comparación con los tratamientos quirúrgicos conven-cionales.Material y Métodos: La búsqueda bibliográfica se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos Pub-Med, Elsevier, Hinari, Cochrane y ScienceDirect. Seleccionando los artículos publicados du-rante los últimos 10 años, en inglés o español, que tuvieron relación con información relevan-te en el tratamiento quirúrgico oncoplástico conservador del cáncer de mama.Resultados: Los criterios de búsqueda incluyeron artículos sobre el tratamiento quirúrgico oncoplástico conservador en mujeres con cáncer de mama primario, 99 artículos cumplie-ron los criterios, excluyéndose aquellos publicados hace más de 10 años, con metodología poco clara o no reproducible. Fueron elegibles 35 por ser relevantes al tema, publicados en revistas indexadas entre los años 2011 y 2021, permitiendo determinar los resultados clíni-cos, oncológicos y estéticos de la cirugía oncoplástica conservadora y contrastarlos con las técnicas convencionales. Conclusión: La cirugía oncoplástica conservadora de mama es oncológicamente segura y equiparable a las cirugías convencionales (mastectomía total o parcial), ofreciendo resulta-dos estéticos más satisfactorios y mejorando la calidad de vida de las pacientes.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world and represents the main cause of death in women; nevertheless, therapeutic advances have made it possible to increase overall and disease-free survival rates. Looking for a better quality of life, on-coplastic surgery arises, which combines plastic and reconstructive surgery in the surgical management of locally advanced breast cancer, larger or with unfavorable location, seeking to improve the appearance without affecting the oncologic result.Objective: To perform an updated bibliographic review of the oncoplastic approach in the conservative surgical treatment of breast cancer, with the purpose of knowing its oncologic and esthetic results compared to conventional surgical treatments.Material and Methods: The bibliographic search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Elsevier, Hinari, Cochrane and ScienceDirect. Selecting the articles published during the last 10 years, in either English or Spanish, that were related to relevant information in the conser-vative oncoplastic surgical treatment of breast cancer.Results: The search criteria included articles on conservative oncoplastic surgical treatment in women with primary breast cancer, 99 articles met the criteria, excluding those published more than 10 years ago, with unclear or non-reproducible methodology. 35 were eligible, because they were relevant to the subject, published in indexed journals between 2011 and 2021, allowing to determine the clinical, oncological and aesthetic results of conservative oncoplastic surgery and contrast them with conventional techniques. Conclusion: Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery is oncologically safe and comparable to conventional surgeries (total or partial mastectomy), offering more satisfactory esthetic results and improving the quality of life in patients.

Ontological engineering for the definition of a COVID-19 pandemic ontology.

COVID-19 has generated a lot of information in different formats, and one of them is in the ontology format. Also, there are previous ontologies from other disciplines that can help to analyze the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, due to the large quantity of COVID-19 information in the form of ontologies, approaches to ontology integration and interoperability could be beneficial. In this context, this research proposes a new ontology, called COVID-19 Pandemic ontology, which is the product of an ontological engineering process proposed in this research that allows the integration of several ontologies to cover all the aspects of this infectious disease. The ontological engineering process defines tasks of fusion, alignment, and linking for integrating the ontologies. The resulting pandemic ontology provides a simple repository for storing information about the COVID-19, reusing existing ontologies, to offer multiple views about the disease, including the social context. This ontology has been tested in different case studies to prove its capabilities to infer useful information about the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cascade synthesis of indolizines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines from 2-formyl-1-propargylpyrroles.

A straightforward synthesis of indolizines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines was performed through a cascade condensation/cyclization/aromatization reaction of substituted 2-formyl-N-propargylpyrroles with active methylene compounds such as nitromethane, alkyl malonates, methyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile. Under basic conditions, the reaction proceeded satisfactorily to provide the corresponding 6,7-disubstituted indolizines. The condensation of the pyrrolic analogues with ammonium acetate gave rise to pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines in high yields. N-Allenyl-2-formylpyrroles behaved as more reactive substrates than 2-formyl-N-propargylpyrroles, furnishing the expected indolizines in higher yields. Hence, an allenyl-containing intermediate was probably generated as the reactive species in the reaction mechanism of some N-propargyl pyrroles prior to the cyclization reaction.

Draft genome sequence of first Vibrio diabolicus in Mexico strain InDRE-D1-M1, an emergent threat.

INTRODUCTION: The complete genome of the marine environmental bacterium Vibrio diabolicus isolated from raw shrimp in the city of Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco in Mexico is reported here. METHODOLOGY: Vibrio spp. it was isolated and identified using standard microbiological and molecular techniques. Whole genome sequencing was performed using the Miseq system (Illumina, USA). RESULTS: The Multi Locus Sequence Typing profile of the isolated Vibrio bacteria coincided only with 4 specific loci (atpA, gyrB, pyrH and recA) and with a total coverage of the species belonging to Vibrio spp. Analysis of the complete genome of the Vibrio isolate and other closely related species, using the genomic fingerprints of the Virtual Analysis Method for PHylogenomic fingerprint estimation (VAMPHyRe) software, revealed the clustering of this species among the clade Vibrio diabolicus. The antibiogram revealed that this strain of Vibrio diabolicus is resistant to ampicillin, which is consistent with the bioinformatic finding of the ß-lactamase enzyme that hydrolyzes carbenicillin class A. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the environmental marine bacterium Vibrio diabolicus contains carrier genes associated with pathogenicity and ecological function, which could represent a threat to public health.

Protrusio acetabular en artroplastía total de cadera: diez tácticas para un buen resultado quirúrgico / Total hip arthroplasty in protrusio acetabuli: ten tips to improve surgical outcomes

Los pacientes candidatos a artroplastía total de cadera con protrusio acetabular asociada generan distintos desafíos en los equipos quirúrgicos. Múltiples estrategias han sido utilizadas a lo largo de los años para optimizar los resultados. Mediante una revisión de la evidencia actualizada disponible, proponemos diez tácticas a realizar en el manejo de estos pacientes que pueden mejorar y hacer predecible el tratamiento de un paciente con protrusio acetabular al que se le realiza una artroplastía total de cadera. Nivel de Evidencia V.

Patients with acetabular protrusio and osteoarthritis are a challenge for the surgical team. Many strategies have been developed to anticipate, plan and optimize the surgical results of these patients. Based on the current available clinical evidence, we propose ten tips to improve the surgical management of hip arthroplasty patients with protrusio acetabuli. Level of Evidence V.

Colestasis intrahepática del embarazo Un reto más para la obstetricia / Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. One More Challenge for Obstetrics

Resumen: La colestasis intrahepática del embarazo es el trastorno hepático específico más común durante la gestación; es una condición multifactorial que aparece en mujeres genéticamente susceptibles. Se caracteriza principalmente por prurito palmo-plantar de predominio nocturno, su importancia radica en su considerable morbimortalidad fetal y aunque su tratamiento es sencillo, se debe diagnosticar. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión actualizada y a detalle de la bibliografía nacional e internacional de la etiología, las pruebas diagnósticas, tratamiento, resultados perinatales y su asociación con otras patologías del embarazo. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura publicada en inglés y en español en bases de datos como PubMed / MEDLINE, Ovid, MD Consult, entre otras, utilizando las palabras clave: colestasis intrahepática del embarazo, etiología, diagnóstico, tratamiento, efectos adversos perinatales, preeclampsia, embarazo múltiple. De la información obtenida se seleccionaron 64 artículos, los cuales fueron clasificados y utilizados como soporte para realizar esta revisión. Resultados: Se aporta una actualización en cuanto al diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad para actuar como guía clínica a los profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: Esta enfermedad es una entidad importante de diagnosticar para evitar los efectos adversos fetales que implica, la principal limitación es la carencia de determinación de niveles de ácidos biliares séricos en nuestro país, por lo tanto, la sospecha clínica se convierte en la herramienta más factible para su diagnóstico e inicio oportuno de tratamiento.

Abstract: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is the most common specific liver disorder during pregnancy, it is a multifactorial condition that appears in genetically susceptible women and it is mainly characterized by palmoplantar itching predominantly at night. Its importance lies in the considerable fetal morbidity and mortality. Although the treatment is simple, we must know how to make the diagnosis. Objective: To carry out an updated and detailed review of the national and international bibliography of etiology, diagnostic tests, treatment, perinatal results, and their association with other pregnancy pathologies. Methodology: A search of the literature published in English and Spanish was conducted in databases such as PubMed / MEDLINE, Ovid, MD Consult, and others, using the keywords: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, perinatal adverse effects, preeclampsia, tween pregnancy. 64 articles were selected from the obtained, which were classified and used as support to carry out this review. Results: An update regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this disease is provided, to act as a clinical guide for healthcare professionals. Conclusion: This disease is an important entity to diagnose in order to avoid the fetal adverse effects that implies. The main limitation is the lack of determination of serum bile acid levels in our country, therefore, clinical suspicion becomes the most useful tool for diagnosis and early treatment.