RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Resorbable devices have recently been adopted in the field of orthognathic surgery with controversies about their postoperative skeletal stability. Hence, we determined the long-term skeletal stability of unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-l-lactic acid (HA/PLLA) mesh for osteofixation of mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), and compared it with that of titanium miniplate. METHODS: Patients were divided into resorbable mesh and titanium miniplate fixation groups. A comparative study of the change in the mandibular position was performed with preoperative, 1-day, 6-month, and 2-year postoperative lateral cephalograms. RESULTS: At postoperative 6 months-compared with postoperative 1 day, point B (supra-mentale) was significantly displaced anteriorly in the titanium-fixation group. Moreover, at postoperative 2 years-compared with postoperative 6 months, point B was significantly displaced inferiorly in the titanium-fixation. However, the HA/PLLA mesh-fixation group did not show any significant change with respect to point B postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The HA/PLLA mesh-fixation group demonstrated superior long-term skeletal stability with respect to the position of mandible, when compared with the titanium-fixation group.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPDD) is a rare disease in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space. It forms a calcified crystal mass and induces a limitation of joint movement. CASE PRESENTATION: The calcified mass in our case was occupied in the left TMJ area and extended to the infratemporal and middle cranial fossa. For a complete excision of this mass, we performed a vertical ramus osteotomy and resected the mass around the mandibular condyle. The calcified mass in the infratemporal fossa was carefully excised, and the segmented mandible was anatomically repositioned. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis was performed to evaluate the calcified mass. The result of SEM/EDS showed that the crystal mass was completely composed of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. This result strongly suggested that the calcified mass was CPDD in the TMJ area. CONCLUSIONS: CPDD in the TMJ is a rare disease and is difficult to differentially diagnose from other neoplasms. A histological examination and quantitative microanalysis are required to confirm the diagnosis. In our patient, CPDD in the TMJ was successfully removed via the extracorporeal approach. SEM/EDS microanalysis was used for the differential diagnosis.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: We evaluated and compared the outcomes of different ossification processes in patients with alveolar cleft in whom correction was performed using endochondral bone graft or intramembranous bone graft. METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups: the endochondral bone (iliac bone or rib bone) graft group and the intramembranous bone (mandibular bone) graft group. Medical records and radiologic images of patients who underwent alveolar bone grafting due to alveolar cleft were analyzed retrospectively. Through postoperative and follow-up radiologic images, the height of the interdental bone septum was classified into four types based on the highest point of alveolar ridge. Then, the height of the interdental bone septum and the area of the bone graft were evaluated according to the type of bone graft. In addition, the occurrence of complications and the need for an additional bone graft, the result of postoperative orthodontic treatment, and the eruption of impacted teeth were investigated. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included in this study. There was no significant difference in the change of the interdental bone height and the area of the bone graft according to the type of bone. There was no significant difference in the success rate of the surgery according to the type of bone. One patient underwent an additional bone graft surgery during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of alveolar bone grafting were not significantly different according to the type of bone graft. If appropriate to the size of the recipient site, the chin bone is a useful graft material in alveolar cleft, as is the iliac bone.
RÉSUMÉ
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate (1) the effect of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) application on TNF-α expression in RAW264.7 cells and (2) the effect of 4HR ointment on burn wound healing in a rat burn wound model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RAW264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of 4HR, and the attached cells were sampled for western blot analysis at each time point. Animal studies were conducted on male Wistar rats (n=24). Three treatment groups were evaluated in this study: (1) treatment with ointment alone (negative control), (2) treatment with ointment containing 0.2wt% 4HR, and (3) treatment with ointment containing 2wt% 4HR. For the assessment of wound healing, digital photographs were taken at 1, 5, and 14 days. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 5, and 14 days for histological examination or ELISA analysis. RESULTS: Western blot analysis showed that TNF-α protein levels were reduced following treatment with 4HR at concentrations between 1 and 10µg/mL. In animal studies, the average denuded area 14 days after burn was smaller in the 2wt% 4HR treatment group compared with the control group (P=0.022). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed lower TNF-α expression in the 2wt% 4HR treatment group compared with the control group 14 days after burn (P=0.027). CONCLUSION: 4HR reduced TNF-α expression in RAW264.7 cells and in the burn wounds of rats. Burn wounds dressed with ointment containing 4HR also exhibited rapid epithelization and collagen regeneration.
Sujet(s)
Anthelminthiques/pharmacologie , Brûlures/traitement médicamenteux , Hexylrésorcinol/pharmacologie , Réépithélialisation/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Administration par voie cutanée , Administration par voie topique , Animaux , Technique de Western , Brûlures/métabolisme , Immunohistochimie , Mâle , Souris , Onguents , Cellules RAW 264.7 , Rats , Rat Wistar , Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha/métabolisme , Cicatrisation de plaie/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiquesRÉSUMÉ
Computer Assisted Simulation Surgery (CASS) is a reliable method that permits oral and maxillofacial surgeons to visualize the position of the maxilla and the mandible as observed in the patient. The purpose of this report was to introduce a newly developed strategy for proximal segment management according to Balanced Orthognathic Surgery (BOS) protocol which is a type of CASS, and to establish the clinical feasibility of the BOS protocol in the treatment of complex maxillo-facial deformities. The BOS protocol consists of the following 4 phases: 1) Planning and simulation phase, 2) Modeling phase, 3) Surgical phase, and 4) Evaluation phase. The surgical interventions in 80 consecutive patients were planned and executed by the BOS protocol. The BOS protocol ensures accuracy during surgery, thereby facilitating the completion of procedures without any complications. The BOS protocol may be a complete solution that enables an orthognatic surgeon to perform accurate surgery based on a surgical plan, making real outcomes as close to pre-planned outcomes as possible.
RÉSUMÉ
The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is the causal agent of canker disease in tomato. Because it is very important to control newly introduced inoculum sources from commercial materials, the specific detection of this pathogen in seeds and seedlings is essential for effective disease control. In this study, a novel and efficient assay for the detection and quantitation of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in symptomless tomato and red pepper seeds was developed. A pair of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers (Cmm141F/R) was designed to amplify a specific 141 bp fragment on the basis of a ferredoxin reductase gene of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB 382. The specificity of the primer set was evaluated using purified DNA from 16 isolates of five C. michiganensis subspecies, one other Clavibacter species, and 17 other reference bacteria. The primer set amplified a single band of expected size from the genomic DNA obtained from the C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains but not from the other C. michiganensis subspecies or from other Clavibacter species. The detection limit was a single cloned copy of the ferredoxin reductase gene of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. In conclusion, this quantitative direct PCR assay can be applied as a practical diagnostic method for epidemiological research and the sanitary management of seeds and seedlings with a low level or latent infection of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis.
Sujet(s)
Actinomycetales/génétique , Actinomycetales/isolement et purification , Techniques bactériologiques/méthodes , Ferredoxine-NADP reductase/génétique , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne/méthodes , Actinomycetales/enzymologie , Capsicum/microbiologie , Amorces ADN/génétique , ADN bactérien/génétique , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologie , Sensibilité et spécificitéRÉSUMÉ
The CMV (cucumber mosaic virus) is the most frequently occurring virus in chili pepper farms. A variety of peppers that are resistant to CMVP0 were developed in the middle of 1990s through a breeding program, and commercial cultivars have since been able to control the spread of CMVP0. However, a new pathotype (CMVP1) that breaks the resistance of CMVP0-resistant peppers has recently appeared and caused a heavy loss in productivity. Since no genetic source of this new pathotype was available, a traditional breeding method cannot be used to generate a CMVP1-resistant pepper variety. Therefore, we set up a transformation system of pepper using Agrobacterium that had been transfected with the coat protein gene, CMVP0-CP, with the aim of developing a new CMVP1-resistant pepper line. A large number of transgenic peppers (T(1), T(2) and T(3)) were screened for CMVP1 tolerance using CMVP1 inoculation. Transgenic peppers tolerant to CMVP1 were selected in a plastic house as well as in the field. Three independent T(3) pepper lines highly tolerant to the CMVP1 pathogen were found to also be tolerant to the CMVP0 pathogen. These selected T(3) pepper lines were phenotypically identical or close to the non-transformed lines. However, after CMVP1 infection, the height and fruit size of the non-transformed lines became shorter and smaller, respectively, while the T(3) pepper lines maintained a normal phenotype.
Sujet(s)
Capsicum/génétique , Capsicum/virologie , Cucumovirus/croissance et développement , Végétaux génétiquement modifiés/génétique , Végétaux génétiquement modifiés/virologie , Technique de Southern , Capsicum/croissance et développement , Végétaux génétiquement modifiés/croissance et développement , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne , Transformation génétique/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
In watermelon, grafting of seedlings to rootstocks is necessary because watermelon roots are less viable than the rootstock. Moreover, commercially important watermelon varieties require disease-resistant rootstocks to reduce total watermelon yield losses due to infection with viruses such as cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV). Therefore, we undertook to develop a CGMMV-resistant watermelon rootstock using a cDNA encoding the CGMMV coat protein gene (CGMMV-CP), and successfully transformed a watermelon rootstock named 'gongdae'. The transformation rate was as low as 0.1-0.3%, depending on the transformation method used (ordinary co-culture vs injection, respectively). However, watermelon transformation was reproducibly and reliably achieved using these two methods. Southern blot analysis confirmed that the CGMMV-CP gene was inserted into different locations in the genome either singly or multiple copies. Resistance testing against CGMMV showed that 10 plants among 140 T1 plants were resistant to CGMMV infection. This is the first report of the development by genetic engineering of watermelons resistant to CGMMV infection.
Sujet(s)
Citrullus/génétique , Citrullus/virologie , Immunité innée/génétique , Végétaux génétiquement modifiés/génétique , Végétaux génétiquement modifiés/virologie , Tobamovirus/génétique , Agriculture/méthodes , Protéines de capside/génétique , ADN complémentaire/génétique , Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux/génétique , Techniques de transfert de gènes , Maladies des plantes/génétique , Maladies des plantes/virologie , Racines de plante/génétique , Racines de plante/virologie , Transformation génétique/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
The water extract of Aralia elata (Aralia extract) has been used in Korean traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the aldose reductase inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity and anticataract capacity of Aralia extract using various experimental systems. To determine its aldose reductase inhibitory activity and its antioxidant effect, we used rat lens homogenates. Rat lens cultures and a rat model were used to observe anticataract activity. The resulting IC50 value of Aralia extract in vitro as an aldose reductase inhibitor was 11.3 microg/ml and as an antioxidant was 25.1 microg/ml. Rat lenses in media containing 20 mM xylose developed a distinctly opaque ring in 9h, and treatment with Aralia extract at a concentration of 1mg/ml lowered lens opacity by 36.4 and 31.3% after 24 and 48 h, respectively. In vivo experiments were performed with streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The diabetic control animals developed cataracts at 11 weeks after STZ injection, while oral Aralia extract administered at 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight for 11 weeks reduced cataract formation by 15 and 12%, respectively. The present study shows that Aralia extract inhibits aldose reductase and acts in vitro as an antioxidant, and suggests that these activities have a preventive effect on cataractogenesis in xylose containing lens organ cultures and in in vivo in STZ induced diabetic rats.