RÉSUMÉ
Excessive neutrophil infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important factor that contributes to tumor overgrowth and limited immunotherapy efficacy. Neutrophils activate various receptors involved in tumor progression, while suppressing the infiltration and activity of cytotoxic T cells and creating optimal conditions for tumor growth. Therefore, the appropriate control of neutrophil infiltration is an effective strategy for tumor treatment. In the present study, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) inhibited tumor overgrowth by suppressing excessive neutrophil infiltration, resulting in >74.97â¯% reduction in tumor size in a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1) mouse model. All subjects in the positive control group died during the 90-day survival period, whereas only four subjects in the PLAG treatment group survived. PLAG had a significantly higher tumor growth inhibitory effect and survival rate than other neutrophil infiltration-targeting inhibitors (e.g., Navarixin, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D antibody [aLy6G]). The ability of PLAG to regulate neutrophil infiltration and inhibit tumor growth depends on thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). In tumors lacking TXNIP expression, PLAG failed to control neutrophil infiltration and infiltration-related factor release, and the inhibitory effect of PLAG on tumor growth was reduced. PLAG-mediated inhibition of neutrophil infiltration enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), increasing the antitumor efficacy and survival rate by 30â¯%. In conclusion, PLAG could be a novel alternative to anti-tumor drugs that effectively targets excessive neutrophil infiltration into cancer tissues.
Sujet(s)
Carcinome pulmonaire de Lewis , Carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules , Tumeurs du poumon , Souris de lignée C57BL , Infiltration par les neutrophiles , Microenvironnement tumoral , Animaux , Tumeurs du poumon/traitement médicamenteux , Tumeurs du poumon/anatomopathologie , Tumeurs du poumon/immunologie , Carcinome pulmonaire de Lewis/traitement médicamenteux , Carcinome pulmonaire de Lewis/anatomopathologie , Carcinome pulmonaire de Lewis/immunologie , Souris , Infiltration par les neutrophiles/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules/traitement médicamenteux , Carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules/anatomopathologie , Carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules/immunologie , Microenvironnement tumoral/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Diglycéride/pharmacologie , Lignée cellulaire tumorale , Granulocytes neutrophiles/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Granulocytes neutrophiles/immunologie , Granulocytes neutrophiles/métabolisme , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Mâle , Antinéoplasiques/pharmacologie , GlycéridesRÉSUMÉ
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as versatile materials with many applications, such as carbon capture, molecular separation, catalysis, and energy storage. Traditionally, flexible building blocks have been avoided due to their potential to disrupt ordered structures. Recent studies have demonstrated intriguing properties and enhanced structural diversity achievable with flexible components by judicious selection of building blocks. This study presents a novel series of ionic COFs (ICOFs) consisting of tetraborate nodes and flexible linkers. These ICOFs use borohydrides to irreversibly deprotonate the alcohol monomers to achieve a high polymerization degree. Structural analysis confirms the dia topologies. Reticulation is explored using various monomers and metal counter-ions. Also, these frameworks exhibit excellent stability in alcohols and coordinating solvents. The materials are tested as single-ion conductive solid-state electrolytes. ICOF-203-Li displays one of the lowest activation energies reported for ion conduction. This tetraborate chemistry is anticipated to facilitate further structural diversity and functionality in crystalline polymers.
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The application of microbiome-based therapies in various areas of human disease has recently increased. In chronic respiratory disease, microbiome-based clinical applications are considered compelling options due to the limitations of current treatments. The lung microbiome is ecologically dynamic and affected by various conditions, and dysbiosis is associated with disease severity, exacerbation, and phenotype as well as with chronic respiratory disease endotype. However, it is not easy to directly modulate the lung microbiome. Additionally, studies have shown that chronic respiratory diseases can be improved by modulating gut microbiome and administrating metabolites. Although the composition, diversity, and abundance of the microbiome between the gut and lung are considerably different, modulation of the gut microbiome could improve lung dysbiosis. The gut microbiome influences that of the lung via bacterial-derived components and metabolic degradation products, including short-chain fatty acids. This phenomenon might be associated with the cross-talk between the gut microbiome and lung, called gut-lung axis. There are multiple alternatives to modulate the gut microbiome, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics ingestion and fecal material transplantation. Several studies have shown that high-fiber diets, for example, present beneficial effects through the production of short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, genetically modified probiotics to secrete some beneficial molecules might also be utilized to treat chronic respiratory diseases. Further studies on microbial modulation to regulate immunity and potentiate conventional pharmacotherapy will improve microbiome modulation techniques, which will develop as a new therapeutic area in chronic respiratory diseases.
Sujet(s)
Dysbiose , Transplantation de microbiote fécal , Microbiome gastro-intestinal , Probiotiques , Humains , Probiotiques/administration et posologie , Probiotiques/usage thérapeutique , Dysbiose/thérapie , Dysbiose/microbiologie , Poumon/microbiologie , Maladie chronique , Prébiotiques/administration et posologie , Microbiote , Animaux , Bactéries/classification , Bactéries/métabolisme , Bactéries/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, and obligate anaerobic bacteria designated strain CBA3647T was isolated from a horse faecal sample in Jeju, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CBA3647T formed a distinct phyletic lineage from closely related species within the genus Peptostreptococcus. Based on comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ATCC 27337T is most closely related to strain CBA3647T with a 16S rRNA gene similarity of 98.31â%, while similarity to other type strains is below 98.0â%. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CBA3647T was 30.0 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CBA3647T and the six Peptostreptococcus species were equal to or less than 24â%. Cells were non-motile and oval-shaped cocci with catalase-positive and oxidase-negative activities. Growth occurred at 20-40â°C (optimum, 35â°C), pH 6-8 (optimum, pH 7), and in the presence of 0-2â% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1â%). Strain CBA3647T contained C14â:â0 iso and C16â:â0 as major fatty acids. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular properties of strain CBA3647T suggest that it represents a novel species in the genus Peptostreptococcus, which has been named Peptostreptococcus equinus sp. nov. The type strain is CBA3647T (=KACC 22891T= JCM 35846T).
Sujet(s)
Acides gras , Peptostreptococcus , Animaux , Equus caballus , Composition en bases nucléiques , Acides gras/composition chimique , Phylogenèse , ARN ribosomique 16S/génétique , Analyse de séquence d'ADN , ADN bactérien/génétique , Techniques de typage bactérien , FècesRÉSUMÉ
Strain CBA3108T is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium isolated from horse faecal samples obtained in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The cells of CBA3108T are non-motile short rods that have been assessed as catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Growth of the strain occurs under the following conditions: 25-45â°C (optimum, 35â°C); pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 6); and in the presence of 0-6â% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2%). Major fatty acids in the strain include C15â:â0 iso and C15â:â0 iso DMA, while major polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. Based on phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CBA3108T forms a phyletic lineage distinct from other closely related species within the genus Cutibacterium. It was found to be most closely related to Cutibacterium avidum ATCC 25577T (98.27â% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and other strains within the genus (≤98.0â%). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CBA3108T was 63.2 mol%. The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain CBA3108T with C. avidum ATCC 25577T, C. porci WCA-380-WT-3AT and C. acnes subsp. acnes DSM 1897T were 33.6, 21.7 and 22.7â%, respectively. Its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties support the hypothesis that strain CBA3108T represents a novel species in the genus Cutibacterium, for which we propose the name Cutibacterium equinum sp. nov. The type strain is CBA3108T (=KACC 22889T=JCM 35966T).
Sujet(s)
Acides gras , Animaux , Equus caballus , Composition en bases nucléiques , Acides gras/composition chimique , Phylogenèse , ARN ribosomique 16S/génétique , Analyse de séquence d'ADN , ADN bactérien/génétique , Techniques de typage bactérien , FècesRÉSUMÉ
A novel, anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive coccoid strain, CBA3646T, was isolated from the faeces of a thoroughbred racehorse. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing yielded results indicative of CBA3646T representing a member of the genus Peptoniphilus, with the species most closely related to it being Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus DSM 20463T, with a similarity of 94.79â%. DNA-DNA relatedness and average nucleotide identity values between CBA3646T and P. asaccharolyticus DSM 20463T were 21.4 and 67.6â%, respectively. CBA3646T has a circular chromosomal genome of 1â709â189 bp (45.5 mol% DNA G+C content), containing 1652 genes in total, 1584 predicted protein-coding genes, 3 complete rRNA loci and 47 tRNA genes. The cells were non-motile diplococci, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Growth of CBA3646T was observed at 20-40 °C (optimal temperature, 35 °C) and in the presence of 0-4â% (w/v) NaCl (optimum concentration, 1â%). The major fatty acids (>10â%) of CBA3646T were C16â:â0, C18â:â1ω9c and C18â:â1ω9c dimethyl acetal, with its major polar lipids being diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The elucidated phylogenetic, physiological, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties are indicative of strain CBA3646T representing a novel species of the genus Peptoniphilus, or which the name Peptoniphilus equinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA3646T (= KACC 22890T = JCM 35845T).
Sujet(s)
Agents colorants , Cocci à Gram positif , Equus caballus , Animaux , Anaérobiose , Composition en bases nucléiques , Acides gras/composition chimique , Phylogenèse , ARN ribosomique 16S/génétique , Analyse de séquence d'ADN , ADN bactérien/génétique , Techniques de typage bactérien , Fèces , ClostridialesRÉSUMÉ
The urogenital microbiota is the potential principal factor in the pathophysiology of urinary tract infection and the protection of urinary tract health. Little is known about the urogenital archaeome although several reports have indicated that the archaeomes of various regions of the human body are associated with health. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the presence and diversity of archaeomes in the human urogenital tract. To explore the urogenital archaeome, voided urine specimens from 373 asymptomatic Korean individuals were used. No difference was observed in body mass index, age, or gender, according to presence of archaea. Analysis of archaeal 16S rRNA gene amplicons of archaea positive samples consisted of simple community structures, including diverse archaea, such as the phyla Methanobacteriota, Thermoproteota, and Halobacteriota. Asymptomatic individuals showed high participant-dependent intervariability in their urogenital archaeomes. The mean relative archaeal abundance was estimated to be 0.89%, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation micrographs provided evidence of archaeal cells in the human urogenital tract. In addition, the urogenital archaeome shared partial taxonomic compositional characteristics with those of the other body sites. In this study, Methanobacteriota, Thermoproteota, and Halobacteriota were suggested as inhabitants of the human urogenital tract, and a distinct human urogenital archaeome was characterised. These findings expand our knowledge of archaea-host associations in the human urogenital tract and may lead to novel insights into the role of archaea in urinary tract health.
Sujet(s)
Crenarchaeota , Euryarchaeota , Microbiote , Humains , Archéobactéries/génétique , ARN ribosomique 16S/génétique , Appareil urogénital , Microbiote/génétique , Euryarchaeota/génétique , PhylogenèseRÉSUMÉ
A Gram-positive, non-motile, and non-spore-forming lactic acid bacterium, designated as BK2T, was isolated from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented vegetable food, and the taxonomic characteristics of strain BK2T, along with strain LMG 11983, were analyzed. Both strains optimally grew at 30°C, pH 7.0, and 1.0% NaCl. Cells of both strains were heterofermentative and facultatively anaerobic rods, demonstrating negative reactions for catalase and oxidase. Major fatty acids (>10%) identified in both strains were C18:1 ω9c, C16:0, and summed feature 7 (comprising C19:1 ω6c and/or C19:1 ω7c). The genomic DNA G+C contents of both strains were 44.7 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%), average nucleotide identity (ANI; 99.9%), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH; 99.7%) value between strains BK2T and LMG 11983 indicated that they are different strains of the same species. Strain BK2T was most closely related to Weissella confusa JCM 1093T and Weissella cibaria LMG 17699T, with 100% and 99.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. However, based on the ANI and dDDH values (92.3% and 48.1% with W. confusa, and 78.4% and 23.5% with W. cibaria), it was evident that strain BK2T represents a distinct species separate from W. confusa and W. cibaria. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic features, strains BK2T and LMG 11983 represent a novel species of the genus Weissella, for which the name Weissella fermenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type of strain is BK2T (=KACC 22833T=JCM 35750T).
Sujet(s)
Weissella , Weissella/génétique , Phylogenèse , ARN ribosomique 16S/génétique , Analyse de séquence d'ADN , ADN bactérien/génétique , Acides gras/analyse , Génomique , Techniques de typage bactérien , Phospholipides/composition chimiqueRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Diet has a crucial role in the gut microbiota, and dysbiosis in the gut and lungs has been suggested to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We compared the diet, microbiome and metabolome between asymptomatic smokers and those with emphysema. METHODS: We enrolled 10 asymptomatic smokers with preserved lung function and 16 smokers with emphysema with severe airflow limitation. Dietary intake information was gathered by a self-reported questionnaire. Sputum and faecal samples were collected for microbial and metabolomics analysis. A murine model of emphysema was used to determine the effect of metabolite supplementation. RESULTS: Despite having a similar smoking history with emphysema patients, asymptomatic smokers had higher values of body mass index, fibre intake and faecal acetate level. Linear discriminant analysis identified 17 microbial taxonomic members that were relatively enriched in the faeces of asymptomatic smokers. Analysis of similarity results showed dissimilarity between the two groups (r=0.287, p=0.003). Higher acetate level was positively associated with forced expiratory volume in one second in the emphysema group (r=0.628, p=0.012). Asymptomatic smokers had a greater number of species associated with acetate and propionate (r>0.6) than did those with emphysema (30 vs 19). In an emphysema mouse model, supplementation of acetate and propionate reduced alveolar destruction and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and propionate decreased the CD3+CD4+IL-17+ T-cell population in the lung and spleen. CONCLUSION: Smokers with emphysema showed differences in diet, microbiome and short-chain fatty acids compared with asymptomatic smokers. Acetate and propionate showed therapeutic effects in a smoking-induced murine model of emphysema.
Sujet(s)
Emphysème , Microbiome gastro-intestinal , Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive , Emphysème pulmonaire , Humains , Animaux , Souris , Fumeurs , Propionates , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Volume expiratoire maximal par seconde , Emphysème/complications , AcétatesRÉSUMÉ
Background Low-dose chest CT screening is recommended for smokers with the potential for lung function abnormality, but its role in predicting lung function remains unclear. Purpose To develop a deep learning algorithm to predict pulmonary function with low-dose CT images in participants using health screening services. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, participants underwent health screening with same-day low-dose CT and pulmonary function testing with spirometry at a university affiliated tertiary referral general hospital between January 2015 and December 2018. The data set was split into a development set (model training, validation, and internal test sets) and temporally independent test set according to first visit year. A convolutional neural network was trained to predict the forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) from low-dose CT. The mean absolute error and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to evaluate agreement between spirometry as the reference standard and deep-learning prediction as the index test. FVC and FEV1 percent predicted (hereafter, FVC% and FEV1%) values less than 80% and percent of FVC exhaled in first second (hereafter, FEV1/FVC) less than 70% were used to classify participants at high risk. Results A total of 16 148 participants were included (mean age, 55 years ± 10 [SD]; 10 981 men) and divided into a development set (n = 13 428) and temporally independent test set (n = 2720). In the temporally independent test set, the mean absolute error and CCC were 0.22 L and 0.94, respectively, for FVC and 0.22 L and 0.91 for FEV1. For the prediction of the respiratory high-risk group, FVC%, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC had respective accuracies of 89.6% (2436 of 2720 participants; 95% CI: 88.4, 90.7), 85.9% (2337 of 2720 participants; 95% CI: 84.6, 87.2), and 90.2% (2453 of 2720 participants; 95% CI: 89.1, 91.3) in the same testing data set. The sensitivities were 61.6% (242 of 393 participants; 95% CI: 59.7, 63.4), 46.9% (226 of 482 participants; 95% CI: 45.0, 48.8), and 36.1% (91 of 252 participants; 95% CI: 34.3, 37.9), respectively. Conclusion A deep learning model applied to volumetric chest CT predicted pulmonary function with relatively good performance. © RSNA, 2023 Supplemental material is available for this article.
Sujet(s)
Apprentissage profond , Mâle , Humains , Adulte d'âge moyen , Études rétrospectives , Poumon/imagerie diagnostique , Capacité vitale , Volume expiratoire maximal par seconde , Spirométrie/méthodes , TomodensitométrieRÉSUMÉ
Kimchi is a traditional fermented vegetable side dish in Korea and has become a global health food. Kimchi undergoes spontaneous fermentation, mainly by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) originating from its raw ingredients. Numerous LAB, including the genera Leuconostoc, Weissella, and Lactobacillus, participate in kimchi fermentation, reaching approximately 9-10 log colony forming units per gram or milliliter of food. The several health benefits of LAB (e.g., antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties) combined with their probiotic potential in complex diseases including obesity, cancer, atopic dermatitis, and immunomodulatory effect have generated an interest in the health effects of LAB present in kimchi. In order to estimate the potential of kimchi as a probiotic food, we comprehensively surveyed the health functionalities of kimchi and kimchi LAB, and their effects on human gut environment, highlighting the probiotics function.
RÉSUMÉ
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which includes fatty liver, cirrhosis, steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, is a global health problem. The probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well-known; however, their protective effect against ALD remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, our objective was to assess the protective effects of LAB on ALD. To this end, mice were fed either a normal diet or an alcohol diet for 10 days (to induce ALD) accompanied by vehicle treatment (the NC and AC groups) or kimchi-derived LAB (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSR J266 and Levilactobacillus brevis DSR J301, the AL group; or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, the AG group). Our results showed that mice in the AC group showed significantly higher serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels than those in the normal diet groups; however, their levels in the AL and AG groups were relatively lower. We also observed that the AL and AG groups showed relatively lower interleukin-6 levels than the AC group. Additionally, AC group showed the accumulation of several fat vesicles in the liver, while the AL and AG groups showed remarkably lower numbers of fat vesicles. The relative abundance of Enterococcus feacalis, which showed association with liver injury, significantly increased in the AC group compared with its levels in the normal diet groups. However, the AG group showed a decreased relative abundance in this regard, confirming that LAB exerted an improvement effect on gut microbial community. These findings suggested that via gut microbiota alteration, the ingestion of LAB can alleviate the ill effects of alcohol consumption, including inflammation, liver damage, gut dysbiosis, and abnormal intestinal nutrient metabolism.
RÉSUMÉ
Purpose: We explored the differences in clinical manifestations of COPD patients regarding emphysema distribution along with evidence of airway involvement in chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Patients and Methods: The patients were divided into three groups according to the emphysema distribution: the upper dominant (UD), lower dominant (LD), and homogeneous (HD) groups. Airway wall thickness was quantitatively measured and the presence of bronchiectasis and/or bronchial wall thickening (BE/BWT) was visually assessed. Baseline characteristics including the evidence of airway involvement and long-term outcomes were compared among the three groups. Non-severe patients of each group were first treated with 3 months of ICS/LABA combination after 2 weeks of wash-out period and lung functions before and after the treatment were compared. Results: Of the 425 patients, 141 were in the UD, 107 in LD, and 177 in HD. The LD had more severe airway obstruction with lower emphysema index (EI) than the UD (LD vs UD; FEV1, 49.5-14.9 vs 54.6-16.5; EI, 21.0 [IQR: 14.0-33.1] vs 26.3 [IQR: 15.8-39.0]). The LD showed thicker airways (higher WA% and Pi10) and more severe air trapping (higher RV and RV/TLC) than UD. A larger proportion of patients in LD had BE/BWT (35.5% in LD vs 11.3% in UD). In LD, more patients experienced acute exacerbations and the time to first exacerbation was shorter than UD. Non-severe patients in LD treated with 3 months of ICS/LABA combined inhalers showed a notable reduction of RV than UD (LD vs UD; -531.1-936.5 vs -86.5-623.5). Conclusion: The LD showed a more prominent airway involvement than UD, which may cause more frequent exacerbations and a marked reduction of RV after the ICS/LABA combination treatment in LD. Phenotyping of the COPD patients using quantitatively measured emphysema distribution would be useful for predicting treatment response and exacerbation.
Sujet(s)
Dilatation des bronches , Emphysème , Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive , Emphysème pulmonaire , Humains , Phénotype , Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive/imagerie diagnostique , Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive/traitement médicamenteux , Emphysème pulmonaire/imagerie diagnostique , Emphysème pulmonaire/traitement médicamenteux , Tomodensitométrie/méthodesRÉSUMÉ
Two novel halophilic archaeal strains, CBA1133T and CBA1134, were isolated from solar salt in South Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical to each other and were closely related to the genera Natronomonas (92.3-93.5%), Salinirubellus (92.2%), Halomarina (91.3-92.0%), and Haloglomus (91.4%). The isolated strains were coccoid, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive, and catalase-negative. Growth occurred under temperatures of 25-50°C (optimum, 45°C), NaCl levels of 10-30% (optimum, 15%), pH levels of 6.0-8.5 (optimum, 7.0), and MgCl2 concentrations of 0-500 mM (optimum, 100 mM). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the strains and related genera ranged from 18.3% to 22.7%. The major polar lipids of the strains were phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate methyl ester, and phosphatidyl glycerol sulfate. Genomic, phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical analyses of the isolates revealed that they represent a novel genus and species in the family Halobacteriaceae. The type strain is CBA1133T (= KACC 22148T = JCM 34265T), for which the name Sala cibi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.
Sujet(s)
Chlorure de sodium , Composition en bases nucléiques , ADN des archées/génétique , Phylogenèse , ARN ribosomique 16S/génétique , Analyse de séquence d'ADNRÉSUMÉ
Two Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, and coccus-shaped bacterial strains, designated CBA3104T and CBA3105T, were isolated from kimchi. Strain CBA3104T and CBA3105T grew at 10-35°C (optimum, 25°C and 30°C, respectively), at pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum, pH 6.5), and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 5%). A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CBA3104T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Brachybacterium whereas strain CBA3105T was closely positioned with Brachybacterium halotolerans MASK1Z-5T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains CBA3104T and CBA3105T was 99.9%, but ANI and dDDH values between strains CBA3104T and CBA3105T were 93.61% and 51.5%, respectively. Strain CBA3104T showed lower ANI and dDDH values than species delineation against three closely related strains and type species of the genus Brachybacterium, however, strain CBA3105T showed 96.63% ANI value and 69.6% dDDH value with Brachybacterium halotolerans MASK1Z-5T. Among biochemical analysis results, strain CBA3104T could uniquely utilize bromo-succinic acid whereas only strain CBA3105T was positive for alkaline phosphatase and α-fucosidase among two novel strains, closely related strains, and type species of the genus Brachybacterium. Compared with strain CBA3105T and Brachybacterium halotolerans JCM 34339T, strain CBA3105T was differentially positive for acid production of D-arabinose, D-adonitol, and potassium 5-ketogluconate and enzyme activity of ß-glucuronidase. Both strains contained menaquinone-7 as the dominant quinone. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of two novel strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids of strains CBA3104T and CBA3105T were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, and iso-C16:0. The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Strain CBA3104T possessed a uniquely higher abundance of tRNA (97 tRNAs) than four Brachybacterium strains used for comparative taxonomic analysis (54-62 tRNAs). Both the CBA3104T and CBA3105T strain harbored various oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, and lyase as strain-specific functional genes compared to closely related strains and Brachybacterium type species. The results of biochemical/physiological, chemotaxonomic, and genomic analyses demonstrated that strains CBA3104T and CBA3105T represent a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium and a novel subspecies of B. halotolerans, respectively, for which the names Brachybacterium kimchii sp. nov. and B. halotolerans subsp. kimchii subsp. nov. are proposed. The type strains of the novel species and the novel subspecies are CBA3104T (= KCCM 43417T = JCM 34759T) and CBA3105T (= KCCM 43418T =JCM 34760T), respectively.
Sujet(s)
Actinomycetales , Aliments fermentés , Actinomycetales/génétique , Techniques de typage bactérien , Composition en bases nucléiques , ADN bactérien/génétique , Phylogenèse , ARN ribosomique 16S/génétique , République de Corée , Analyse de séquence d'ADN , LégumesRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: The PD-L1 antibody is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) attracting attention. The third-generation anticancer drug has been proven to be very effective due to fewer side effects and higher tumor-specific reactions than conventional anticancer drugs. However, as tumors produce additional resistance in the host immune system, the effectiveness of ICI is gradually weakening. Therefore, it is very important to develop a combination therapy that increases the anticancer effect of ICI by removing anticancer resistance factors present around the tumor. METHODS: The syngeneic model was used (n = 6) to investigate the enhanced anti-tumor effect of PD-L1 antibody with the addition of PLAG. MB49 murine urothelial cancer cells were implanted into the C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously. PLAG at different dosages (50/100 mpk) was daily administered orally for another 4 weeks with or without 5 mpk PD-L1 antibody (10F.9G2). PD-L1 antibody was delivered via IP injection once a week. RESULTS: The aPD-L1 monotherapy group inhibited tumor growth of 56% compared to the positive group, while the PLAG and aPD-L1 co-treatment inhibited by 89%. PLAG treatment effectively reduced neutrophils infiltrating localized in tumor and converted to a tumor microenvironment with anti-tumor effective T-cells. PLAG increased tumor infiltration of CD8 positive cytotoxic T-cell populations while effectively inhibiting the infiltration of neoplastic T-cells such as CD4/FoxP3. Eventually, neutrophil-induced tumor ICI resistance was resolved by restoring the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to the normal range. In addition, regulation of cytokine and chemokine factors that inhibit neutrophil infiltration and increase the killing activity of cytotoxic T cells was observed in the tumors of mice treated with PLAG + aPD-L1. CONCLUSIONS: PLAG effectively turned the tumor-promoting microenvironment into a tumor-suppressing microenvironment. As a molecule that increases the anti-tumor effectiveness of aPD-L1, PLAG has the potential to be an essential and effective ICI co-therapeutic agent.
Sujet(s)
Carcinome transitionnel , Tumeurs de la vessie urinaire , Animaux , Souris , Antigène CD274 , Carcinome transitionnel/traitement médicamenteux , Souris de lignée C57BL , Infiltration par les neutrophiles , Microenvironnement tumoral , Tumeurs de la vessie urinaire/traitement médicamenteuxRÉSUMÉ
Extracellular adenosine in the tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in cancer development. Specifically, activation of adenosine receptors affects tumor cell growth and adenosine release. We examined the anti-tumor efficacy of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) in animal models, revealing the role of PLAG in inhibiting tumor progression by promoting the degradation of adenosine 2B receptors (A2BRs) in tumors. PLAG induced the expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a type of α-arrestin that accelerates A2BR internalization by interacting with A2BR complexes containing ß-arrestin. Engulfed receptors bound to TXNIP were rapidly degraded after E3 ligase recruitment and ubiquitination, resulting in early termination of intracellular signals that promote tumor overgrowth. However, in control cancer cells, A2BRs bound to protein phosphatase 2A and were returned to the cell membrane instead of being degraded, resulting in continuous receptor-mediated signaling by pathways including the Raf-Erk axis, which promotes tumor proliferation. A TXNIP-silenced cell-implanted mouse model and TXNIP knockout (KO) mice were used to verify that PLAG-mediated suppression of tumor progression is dependent on TXNIP expression. Increased tumor growth was observed in TXNIP-silenced cell-implanted mice, and the anti-tumor effects of PLAG, including delayed tumor overgrowth, were greatly reduced. However, the anti-tumor effects of PLAG were observed in cancer cell-implanted TXNIP-KO mice, which indicates that PLAG produces anti-tumor effects by enhancing TXNIP expression in tumor cells. These essential functions of PLAG, including delaying tumor growth via A2BR degradation, suggest innovative directions for anticancer drug development.
Sujet(s)
Carcinome pulmonaire de Lewis , Carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules , Protéines de transport , Tumeurs du poumon , Récepteurs purinergiques P1 , Thiorédoxines , Adénosine/pharmacologie , Animaux , Carcinome pulmonaire de Lewis/traitement médicamenteux , Carcinome pulmonaire de Lewis/métabolisme , Carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules/traitement médicamenteux , Carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules/métabolisme , Protéines de transport/métabolisme , Diglycéride/métabolisme , Diglycéride/pharmacologie , Souris , Récepteurs purinergiques P1/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Récepteurs purinergiques P1/métabolisme , Thiorédoxines/métabolisme , Microenvironnement tumoralRÉSUMÉ
Chemotherapy induces tumor cell death and inhibits tumor progression, but the accompanying immune responses in the surrounding dying tissue cause significant inflammation. These responses, such as excessive neutrophil infiltration into tumor tissue, are the main causes of resistance to anticancer treatment. The development of drugs that reduce neutrophil infiltration into tumors is necessary to increase the anticancer effect of chemotherapy. Here, we show that the antitumor effect of the chemotherapy AC regimen (Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide) was increased by 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) cotreatment in the MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Tumor growth was inhibited up to 56% in mice treated with AC and inhibited up to 94% in mice cotreated with AC and PLAG. Side effects of chemotherapy, such as a reduction in body weight, were alleviated in mice cotreated with AC and PLAG. Excessive neutrophil infiltration caused by the AC regimen was successfully cleared in mice cotreated with AC and PLAG. We conclude that PLAG inhibits excessive neutrophil infiltration that aids tumor growth. Reduced neutrophils and increased lymphocytes in PLAG-treated mice can maximize the antitumor effect of the AC regimen and inhibit tumor growth.
Sujet(s)
Doxorubicine , Tumeurs du sein triple-négatives , Animaux , Lignée cellulaire tumorale , Cyclophosphamide/usage thérapeutique , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Doxorubicine/usage thérapeutique , Hétérogreffes , Humains , Souris , Tumeurs du sein triple-négatives/traitement médicamenteux , Tests d'activité antitumorale sur modèle de xénogreffeRÉSUMÉ
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in kimchi, a traditional Korean food, are major fermentative microorganisms affecting the quality, safety, and nutritional and organoleptic properties of the final product. In this study, we determined the role of three key LAB strains, Leuconostoc gelidum, Latilactobacillus sakei, Weissella koreensis originated from different raw ingredients during natural fermentation, as opposed to an axenic environment. Starter cultures were inoculated into food with wild indigenous microbial communities, and the dynamics of bacterial communities and metabolites were analyzed during fermentation. As bacteriophages within the food viral community directly affect fermentation by influencing bacterial function and composition, the diversity and composition of DNA viral communities were compared with those of corresponding bacterial communities using a metagenomic approach. Our results provide insights into the ecological role of LAB starters in food fermentation and the potential impact of bacteriophages as modulators of bacterial communities associated with the fermentation properties of kimchi.