Combined transarterial chemoembolization and tislelizumab for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often presents as unresectable, necessitating effective treatment modalities. Combining transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with immunotherapy and targeted therapy has shown promise, yet real-world evidence is needed. AIM: To investigate effectiveness and safety of TACE with tislelizumab ± targeted therapy for unresectable HCC in real-world setting. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with unresectable HCC receiving combined treatment of TACE and tislelizumab. The clinical outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). All patients were evaluated according to the mRECIST criteria. The adverse event (AE) was also assessed. RESULTS: In this study of 56 patients with median follow-up of 10.9 months, 7 had previous immunotherapy. Tislelizumab was administered before TACE in 21 (37.50%) and after in 35 (62.50%) patients, with 91.07% receiving concurrent targeted therapy. Median PFS was 14.0 (95%CI: 7.0-18.00) months, and OS was 28 (95%CI: 2.94-53.05) months. Patients with prior immunotherapy had shorter PFS (6 vs. 18 months, P = 0.006). Overall ORR and DCR were 82.14% and 87.50%. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related AEs included increased alanine aminotransferase (8.93%), aspartate aminotransferase (10.71%), and total bilirubin (3.57%). CONCLUSION: The combination of TACE and tislelizumab, with or without targeted therapy, demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in unresectable HCC, especially in immunotherapy-naive patients, warranting further prospective validation studies.

Label-Free Detection of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 for Prognosis Using a Truncated Aptamer and SYBR Green I.

The rapid and accurate detection of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is of great value in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. ELISA-based traditional method is the gold standard for protein detection, but there are still some shortcomings, especially the antigen-antibody dependence, greatly increased the detection time and cost. This work constructed a label-free fluorescent probe for rapid and sensitive detection of PD-L1 using a truncated aptamer as recognition molecules and double-stranded DNA specific dyes (SYBR Green I) as signal units. After a series of optimization conditions, this probe has good detection capability for PD-L1 in buffer solution with the detection limit as low as 0.68 ng/mL. Due to the specific recognition ability of aptamer and target, this method also has good selectivity for PD-L1 detection. The recovery of PD-L1 in human serum samples ranges from 86.20 to 96.36%. Compared with other methods, this strategy does not need to be marked, and does not need other complex design and purification process, but simple operation process and strong anti-interference ability. The whole detection process can be completed within 20 min and has good application prospect. This work will provide reference for drug dosage and prognosis evaluation of specific tumor therapy.

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of curcumin following inhalation administration in rats-A comparative analysis with oral and intravenous routes.

A sensitive and simple method using ultra-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated to determine the concentration of curcumin in rat plasma and tissue samples. Emodin was selected as the internal standard (IS), and biological samples were pretreated with simple one-step acetonitrile precipitation. The calibration curves exhibited linearity within the range of 1-1000 ng/ml for both rat plasma and tissue samples. The accuracy and precision of intra-day as well as inter-day determinations ranged from 99.3% to 117.3% and from 98.2% to 105.1%, respectively. This method demonstrated excellent recovery rates ranging from 76.4% to 96.4% along with minimal matrix effect ranging from 86.5% to 99.6%. The effectiveness of this method was successfully demonstrated through its application in an in vivo pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study after single administration via inhalation (100 mg/kg), oral gavage (100 mg/kg) and intravenous injection (2.5 mg/kg) of curcumin in rats. The results revealed that inhalation significantly improved the bioavailability of curcumin, with most of the drug being deposited in the lung. These findings highlight inhalation as an effective route for targeted delivery of drugs directly into lung tissues, thus suggesting potential future applications for treating pulmonary diseases utilizing inhaled curcumin.

Clinical Oversight and Delayed Diagnosis of a Pathological Compression Fracture Causing Paraplegia.

While osteoporosis is the primary cause of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), it's crucial to promptly recognize pathological fractures through comprehensive diagnostic tests, including vertebral biopsies, to determine the exact etiology. For instance, a 66-year-old male with osteoporosis experienced worsening lower limb weakness and back pain after an initial vertebroplasty for a T12 compression fracture. Subsequent MRI revealed severe circumferential extradural compression at T12, leading to further surgeries that eventually uncovered metastatic adenocarcinoma from a pancreatic tumor. This case highlights the importance of precise diagnosis through vertebral biopsy and the necessity of sufficient ventral decompression or corpectomy, coupled with extensive laminectomy, to address severe neurological impairments like paraplegia. Prompt and accurate interventions can significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Cochlear implantation in a familial rare syndromic ossification-related deafness and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Kenny-Caffey Syndrome type 2 (KCS2) is a genetic disease affecting bone metabolism. However, cochlear implantation (CI) results have yet to be published in detail. OBJECTIVE: This study presents the gene, clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and literature review of 2 patients with sensorineural hearing loss related to KCS2. To enhance diagnostic detection and accuracy, we also compare the differential diagnosis between KCS2, otosclerosis, and Cogan's syndrome (CS). METHODS: Prior to CI, patients with KCS2 and CS underwent comprehensive audiological and radiological evaluations. Postoperative auditory speech outcomes and impedance values were recorded and analyzed statistically. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to summarize clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Patients diagnosed with KCS2 exhibit more pronounced changes in the inner ear. The impedance values in the KCS2 cohort were considerably higher (Mean = 12.13 kΩ) than those with CS (Mean = 8.8 kΩ) one year post-activation. The literature review exhibits the clinical manifestations associated with KCS2. CONCLUSION: CI is an effective treatment for KCS2 to restore hearing loss. More frequent programming and accurate adjustment of stimulation is of great necessity. A thorough examination, including temporal bone HRCT, 3D-MRI, audiological evaluations, and whole-exome sequencing, is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of KCS2.

The comparison effect on earthworms between conventional and biodegradable microplastics.

Many studies have reported the toxic effects of microplastics (MPs) on organisms, especially on how conventional plastics affect organisms after short-term exposure. The effects of biodegradable plastics on organisms are, however, largely unexplored, especially concerning their impact after long-term exposure. We perform a series of experiments to examine the effects of conventional (polyethylene (PE)) and biodegradable (polylactic acid (PLA)) microplastics on earthworms at three concentrations (0.5 %, 2 %, and 5 % (w/w)) and particle sizes (149, 28, and 13 µm) over short- (14 d) and long-term (28 d) periods of exposure. Negative effects on earthworms are more pronounced following exposure to PE than PLA, particularly over the shorter term. After longer-term exposure, earthworms may adapt to PE and PLA environments. A close relationship exists between the effects of MPs on earthworms and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde enzymes, which we use to evaluate the degree of antioxidant damage. We report both PE and PLA to negatively affect earthworms, but for the effects of PLA to be less severe after longer-term exposure. Further investigation is required to more fully assess the potential negative effects of PLA use on soil organisms in agriculture.

Factors influencing efficacy and relapse of adrenocorticotropic hormone in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is a severe epileptic condition characterized by persistent uncontrolled seizures, with some children experiencing recurrent seizures despite multiple pharmacological therapies. The prognostic risk factorsassociated with IESS remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing the efficacy and relapse of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment for IESS in infants, as well as to assess the correlation between the Burden of Amplitudes and Epileptiform Discharges (BASED) score and clinical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 88 pediatric patients diagnosed with IESS who received ACTH therapy at our hospital from February 2016 to August 2023. Patients were categorized into response (n = 47) and non-response (n = 41) groups based on their treatment response at day 28. Responders were further classified into relapse and non-relapse groups. A modified Poisson regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the positive predictive values. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 47 patients (53.4 %) responded to ACTH treatment. Patients in the response group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in BASED scores by day 14 of ACTH treatment, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.859 (95 % CI: 0.782-0.937, P＜0.05), with a sensitivity of 68.1 % and a specificity of 95.1 %. The optimal cut-off point was established at ≥ 2, corresponding to a Youden index of 0.632. Notably, patientswho were on anti-seizure medications (ASMs) before ACTH treatment and those with developmental delay prior to the onset of spasms exhibited lower short-term response rates (P＜0.05), although these factors did not demonstrate predictive value. Among the responders, 20 cases (42.6 %) experienced a relapse, with only those patients showing specific abnormalities on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exhibiting a statistically higher proportion of relapse. CONCLUSION: Patients receiving ASMs before ACTH treatment and those with developmental delays prior to the onset of spasms may have a less favorable therapeutic response. A reduction in BASED scores of 2 or greater by day 14 of ACTH treatment may signify a potentially positive treatment response. Additionally, patients with IESS who present with specific abnormalities on cranial MRI may have an increased likelihood of relapse following ACTH treatment.

Theoretical Design and Study of a Single-Atom Catalyst in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Edge-Type FeN4 Active Site Electron Density Redistribution Driven by Heteroatoms.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered to be the most promising next-generation high energy density storage systems. However, they still face challenges, such as the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and slow sulfur oxidation-reduction kinetics. In this work, heteroatom (P and S)-doped edge-type Fe single-atom catalytic materials (FeN4S2/P2-DG) for sulfur reduction reactions (SRRs) and sulfur oxidation reactions in Li-S batteries are investigated using density functional theory calculations. Theoretical analysis suggests that compared to planar Fe-N4 fragments, the charge density accumulation around edge-type Fe-N4 fragments in S- or P-doped structures is higher. Furthermore, the doping of P or S reduces the electron filling state of Fe_3d orbitals, leading to a decrease in electron occupancy in the antibonding orbitals, which is beneficial for the formation of d-p orbital hybridization, strengthening the anchoring strength of FeN4P2/S2-DG for S8/LiPSs. Specifically, FeN4P1,2-DG showed the lowest free energy barriers (0.57 eV) for SRRs and reduced the dissociation energy barrier of Li2S from 1.85 eV (for planar FeN4-G) to 0.96 eV during the charging process, demonstrating excellent catalytic ability. Additionally, this theoretical study provides further insights into the application of graphene-supported single-atom catalyst materials as anchoring materials for Li-S batteries.

Clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of elderly patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A multicenter analysis.

BACKGROUND: Lymphoma is the most common secondary cause of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in adults. Lymphoma-associated HLH (LA-HLH) in the elderly population is not rare, however, little has been reported regarding clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of LA-HLH in the elderly population. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a multicenter cohort of elderly patients with LA-HLH. Clinicopathological features and treatment information were collected. The impacts of baseline characteristics and treatments on survival outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 173 elderly patients with LA-HLH were included. Compared with young patients, elderly patients showed different clinical and laboratory features. Regarding lymphoma subtypes, B-cell lymphoma was more common in elderly patients (elderly 61.3% vs. young 32.3%, p < 0.001) while T/NK-cell lymphoma was more common in young patients (65.3% vs. 35.3%, p < 0.001). The median survival of elderly patients with LA-HLH was only 92 days. The prior use of HLH therapy or etoposide-containing HLH therapy was not associated with improved overall survival. T/NK-cell subtype, a lower platelet count (≤53 × 109/L), a lower albumin level (≤32.1 g/L), a higher LDH level (>1407 U/L), and a higher creatinine level (>96.8 µmol/L) were independent predictors of decreased overall survival and 60-day survival. A prognostic index was established and demonstrated to be robust in predicting the overall survival and 60-day survival of elderly patients with LA-HLH. CONCLUSIONS: LA-HLH in elderly patients displayed heterogeneous clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. Treatments need to be optimized to improve the outcomes of elderly patients with LA-HLH.

Serum tsncRNAs reveals novel potential therapeutic targets of Salvianolic Acid B on atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Salvianolic Acid B (SalB) has been proven to delay the progression of atherosclerosis. The therapeutic mechanisms of this compound are unclear. A novel class of short non-coding RNAs, pre-transfer RNA and mature transfer RNA (tsncRNAs) may regulate gene expression. TsncRNAs-sequencing revealed novel therapeutic targets for SalB. This is the first study focusing on tsncRNAs to treat atherosclerosis using SalB. PURPOSE: To explore the potential mechanism of SalB treating atherosclerosis through tsncRNAs. METHODS: Five groups of mice were created at random: control group (CON), atherosclerosis model group (MOD), SalB with high dose-treated group (SABH), SalB with low dose-treated group (SABL), and Simvastatin-treated group (ST). Aortic sinus plaque, body weight and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. The Illumina NextSeq equipment was used to do expression profiling of tsncRNAs from serum. The targets of tsncRNAs were then predicted using tRNAscan and TargetScan. The KEGG pathway and GO analysis were utilized to forecast the bioinformatics analysis. Potential tsncRNAs and associated mRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: tRF-Glu-CTC-014 and tRF-Gly-GCC-074 were markedly increased by SalB with high dose treatment and validated with quantitative real-time PCR. Two mRNAs SRF and Arrb related to tRF-Glu-CTC-014 changed consistently. GO analysis revealed that the altered target genes of the selected tsncRNAs were most enriched in protein binding and cellular process. Moreover, KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that altered target genes of tsncRNAs were most enriched in MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: SalB can promote the expression of tRF-Glu-CTC-014 to treat atherosclerosis.

Proteomics and Microbiota Conjoint Analysis in the Nasal Mucus: Revelation of Differences in Immunological Function in Manis javanica and Manis pentadactyla.

All eight pangolin species, especially captive Manis pentadactyla, are critically endangered and susceptible to various pathogenic microorganisms, causing mass mortality. They are involved in the complement system, iron transport system, and inflammatory factors. M. pentadactyla exhibited a higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens, Moraxella, which potentially evaded complement-mediated immune response by reducing C5 levels and counteracting detrimental effects through transferrin neutralization. In addition, we found that the major structure of C5a, an important inflammatory factor, was lacking in M. javanica. In brief, this study revealed the differences in immune factors and microbiome between M. javanica and M. pentadactyla, thus providing a theoretical basis for subsequent immunotherapy.

Polyethyleneimine Modified Two-Dimensional GO/MXene Composite Membranes with Enhanced Mg2+/Li+ Separation Performance for Salt Lake Brine.

As global demand for renewable energy and electric vehicles increases, the need for lithium has surged significantly. Extracting lithium from salt lake brine has become a cutting-edge technology in lithium resource production. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) GO/MXene composite membranes were fabricated using pressure-assisted filtration with a polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating, resulting in positively charged PEI-GO/MXene membranes. These innovative membranes, taking advantage of the synergistic effects of interlayer channel sieving and the Donnan effect, demonstrated excellent performance in Mg2+/Li+ separation with a mass ratio of 20 (Mg2+ rejection = 85.3%, Li+ rejection = 16.7%, SLi,Mg = 5.7) in simulated saline lake brine. Testing on actual salt lake brine in Tibet, China, confirmed the composite membrane's potential for effective Mg2+/Li+ separation. In the actual brine test with high concentration, Mg2+/Li+ after membrane separation is 2.2, which indicates that the membrane can significantly reduce the concentration of Mg2+ in the brine. Additionally, the PEI-GO/MXene composite membrane demonstrated strong anti-swelling properties and effective divalent ion rejection. This research presents an innovative approach to advance the development of 2D membranes for the selective removal of Mg2+ and Li+ from salt lake brine.

IgG4-Related Disease in a 90-Year-Old Man with an 18-Year Disease Course: A Case Report.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-organ inflammatory immune-mediated illness caused by IgG4-secreting plasma cells infiltrating the tissue. This condition usually affects elderly men. A 90-year-old Chinese male was diagnosed with IgG4-RD based on the new 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, as he had multiple organ involvement. After receiving treatment with glucocorticoids, leflunomide, and gamma-globulin, the patient's clinical symptoms significantly improved, confirming the accuracy of the diagnosis. The patient had an 18-year medical history during which the disease progressively worsened due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Although the relevant symptoms were alleviated with appropriate medication, the overall treatment process encountered challenges. Due to the patient's relative lack of adrenocortical function, he experienced symptoms such as nausea, exhaustion, and loss of appetite during the hormone reduction process. Therefore, timely intervention is especially crucial to address the side effects of hormone therapy.

Targeting NCAPD2 as a Therapeutic Strategy for Crohn's Disease: Implications for Autophagy and Inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Our earlier studies identified that non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2) induces inflammation through the IKK/NF-κB pathway in ulcerative colitis. However, its role in the development of Crohn's disease (CD) and the specific molecular mechanism still need to be further studied. METHODS: NCAPD2 expression in clinical ileal CD mucosa vs normal mucosa was examined, alongside its correlation with CD patients' clinical characteristics via their medical records. The biological function and molecular mechanism of NCAPD2 in CD were explored using a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced CD mouse model, along with immunofluorescence, western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and cell functional analysis. RESULTS: NCAPD2 was overexpressed in CD tissues and significantly correlated with disease activity in CD patients (P = .016). In a TNBS-induced CD mouse model, NCAPD2 knockdown inhibited the development of TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. In addition, we found that NCAPD2 inhibited autophagy. Mechanistically, NCAPD2 promoted the phosphorylation of mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) and its direct effector S6K and downregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1, LC3II, and Atg5. In addition, NCAPD2 activates the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the downstream inflammatory factors are continuously released, leading to the persistence of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that NCAPD2 suppresses autophagy and worsens intestinal inflammation by modulating mTOR signaling and impacting the NF-κB pathway, suggesting a critical role in CD progression. Targeting NCAPD2 could be a promising therapeutic approach to stop CD advancement.

Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2), a protein-coding gene, was found to be overexpressed in Crohn's disease (CD) tissues, contributing to disease severity by inhibiting autophagy and promoting intestinal inflammation via the mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. This suggests that targeting NCAPD2 could offer a new therapeutic strategy for CD.

Potential ecological risk assessment for trace metal(loid)s in soil surrounding coal gangue heaps based on source-oriented.

Coal is the predominant energy source in China, resulting in coal gangue. We used the absolute principal component score multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model and the geo-detector method (GDM) for determining the potential ecological risk, apportioning sources, and identifying driving factors for trace metal(loid)s (TMs) in soil surrounding coal gangue heaps. The average contents for the concerned TMs (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in the soil of interest were 0.48, 0.18, 11.0, 36.0, 129, 99.2, 68.3 and 141 mg/kg, respectively. Potential ecological risk indicated that the soil was primarily within the "Moderate risk" level, and Cd was the primary pollutant. "The number of coal gangue units" and "the distance between the sampling point and the coal gangue heap" were the key driving factors included in the geo-detector method. Combining APCS-MLR model and GDM, the source apportionment was enhanced in terms of accuracy and reliability. Natural, mining, and unrecognized sources contributed 41.1 %, 39.2 %, and 19.7 % of the TM distribution, respectively. Considering the relationship between TMs, their sources, and corresponding potential ecological risks, mining sources (mainly affected by gangue accumulation) presented a primary linkage with Cd, and its contribution to potential ecological risk was the highest, accounting for 58.2 %. Therefore, further research should focus on effectively managing and controlling the potential ecological risks originating from mining sources and Cd.

Discovery and Optimization of N-Heteroaryl Indazole LRRK2 Inhibitors.

Inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 is a genetically supported mechanism for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We previously disclosed the discovery of an indazole series lead that demonstrated both safety and translational risks. The safety risks were hypothesized to be of unknown origin, so structural diversity in subsequent chemical matter was prioritized. The translational risks were identified due to a low brain Kpu,u in nonhuman primate studies, which raised concern over the use of an established peripheral biomarker as a surrogate for central target engagement. Given these challenges, the team sought to leverage structure- and property-based drug design and expanded efflux transporter profiling to identify structurally distinct leads with enhanced CNS drug-likeness. Herein, we describe the discovery of a "reinvented" indazole series with improved physicochemical properties and efflux transporter profiles while maintaining excellent potency and off-target kinase selectivity, which resulted in advanced lead, compound 23.

CircRNA_0003307 promoted brain microvascular endothelial cell angiogenesis, invasion, and migration in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Potential involvement of miRNA-191-5p/CDK6 pathway.

BACKGROUNDS: The role of miR-191-5p in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has been established, with its expression in endothelial cells demonstrating anti-angiogenic effects. A potential circular RNA, circRNA_0003307, has been identified through bioinformatics analysis as a candidate for interaction with miR-191-5p, yet its functional significance in brain I/R injury remains unexplored. We aimed to investigate whether circRNA_0003307 regulates brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) vascular tube formation, invasion, and migration by regulating the miR-191-5p cascade. METHODS: Mouse BMECs (bEnd.3) were culturedand exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The effects of circRNA_0003307 on vessel-like tube formation and cellular migration were examined. In addition, we investigated the protective effects of circRNA_0003307 on I/R injury in mice. RESULTS: The results showed the level of circRNA_0003307 was concentration-dependently increased in OGD-induced bEnd.3 cells. ODG-induction enhanced angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of bEnd.3 cells, which were further promoted by the transfection of pcDNA-0003307. Silencing circRNA_0003307 expression showed the opposite results. The dual luciferase assay demonstrated miRNA-191-5p interacted with circRNA_00033073' UTR, and miRNA-191-5p could bind with CDK6. Meanwhile, circRNA_0003307 promoted the expression of CDK6 by sponging miRNA-191-5p. The overexpression of circRNA_0003307 activated the angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of OGD-induced bEnd.3 cells, which were hindered by miRNA-191-5p mimic or siRNA-CDK6. Thus, circRNA_0003307 promoted ODG-induced angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of bEnd.3 cells by targeting miR-191-5p/CDK6 axis. In vivo, circRNA_0003307 had protective effects on brain I/R injury, including neuroprotection, anti-apoptosis and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION: CircRNA_0003307 may be a promisingtherapeutictarget forthe treatment of cerebral I/R injury.

Correlation study of multiple inflammatory indices and vertebral compression fracture: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are prevalent in patients with osteoporosis and pose significant health risks. Although chronic low-grade inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the relationship between various inflammatory indices and the occurrence of fractures remains unclear. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between multiple inflammatory indices, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and VCFs, to explore the significance of these indices in clinical application. Methods: Clinical data of 310 patients diagnosed with osteoporosis from November 2020 to June 2023 in the hospital were collected. The general conditions between fracture and non-fracture groups were described. Spearman analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between inflammatory indices and VCFs. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of these inflammatory indices for VCFs. Results: VCFs were diagnosed in 43.55 % of patients with osteoporosis. NLR(ρ = 0.169, P=0.003), MLR(ρ = 0.293, P<0.001), SII(ρ = 0.126, P=0.027), and SIRI(ρ = 0.273, P<0.001) were positively correlated with the occurrence of VCFs. NLR(OR=1.480, 95 %CI 1.114 âˆ¼ 1.966, P=0.007), MLR(multiplied by 100, OR=1.048, 95 %CI 1.011 âˆ¼ 1.087, P=0.011), and SIRI(OR=3.327, 95 %CI 1.510 âˆ¼ 7.330, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for VCFs, hip bone mineral density (BMD) (OR=0.011, 95 %CI 0.001 âˆ¼ 0.151, P=0.001) was an independent protective factor for VCFs. MLR(AUC 0.671, 95 % CI=0.610 âˆ¼ 0.732, P <0.001) had relatively high clinical diagnostic efficacy. Conclusion: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) are independent risk factors for vertebral compression fractures.