SPI1-mediated transcriptional activation of CEP55 promotes the malignant growth of triple-negative breast cancer and M2 macrophage polarization.

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that lacks the expression of three receptors commonly targeted in breast cancer treatment. In this study, the research focused on investigating the role of centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) in TNBC progression and its interaction with the transcription factor Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1). METHODS: Various techniques including qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assays were utilized to examine gene expression patterns. Functional assays such as wound-healing assay, transwell invasion assay, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, and metabolic assays were conducted to assess the impact of CEP55 on the behaviors of TNBC cells. CD163-positive macrophages were quantified by flow cytometry. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to assess the association of SPI1 with CEP55. A xenograft mouse model experiment was used to analyze the impact of SPI1 on tumor development in vivo. RESULTS: CEP55 and SPI1 expression levels were significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues and cells. The depletion of CEP55 led to decreased TNBC cell migration, invasion, proliferation, glucose metabolism, and M2 macrophage polarization, indicating its crucial role in promoting TNBC progression. Moreover, SPI1 transcriptionally activated CEP55 in TNBC cells, and its overexpression was associated with accelerated tumor growth in vivo. Further, CEP55 overexpression relieved SPI1 silencing-induced inhibitory effects on TNBC cell migration, invasion, proliferation, glucose metabolism, and M2 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION: SPI1-mediated transcriptional activation of CEP55 plays a key role in enhancing TNBC cell migration, invasion, proliferation, glucose metabolism, and M2 macrophage polarization. These insights provide valuable information for potential targeted therapies to combat TNBC progression by modulating the SPI1-CEP55 axis.

The Value of Adjunctive Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation on Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the mainstream way of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) may contributes to the development of AF as an arrhythmogenic substrate. The efficacy of additional left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI) beyond PVI is in AF patients remains undefined. This study explored the influence of posterior wall isolation (PWI) on clinical outcomes in AF patients. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing the outcomes of AF with and without PWI. The efficacy outcomes were recurrence of all atrial arrhythmia (AA), atrial fibrillation (AF), and atrial flutter (AFL)/atrial tachycardia (AT). The safety outcomes were mainly focused on procedural adverse events. Results: A total of 16 studies (7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 3 prospective studies and 6 retrospective analyses) with 3340 AF patients were enrolled (1550 patients in PVI with PWI group and 1790 in PVI alone group). 12 studies included persistent atrial fibrillation patients, 3 studies with paroxysmal AF patients and 1 study with paroxysmal AF and persistent AF concurrently. Mean follow-up period was 16.56 months. In AF patients, adjunctive PWI obviously reduced the recurrence of all atrial arrhythmias (risk ratio (RR) 0.78 [95% CI 0.64-0.95], I 2 = 79%, p = 0.01) and the recurrence of AF (RR 0.68 [95% CI 0.53-0.88], I 2 = 75%, p = 0.004); Meanwhile, additional PWI left no impact substantially on lower recurrence of AFL/AT (RR 1.23 [95% CI 0.94-1.60], I 2 = 49%, p = 0.12). The results seemed to be no significant differences in occurrence rate of procedural complications between the PVI only and PWI+PVI (RR 1.19 [95% CI 0.80-1.79], I 2 = 0%, p = 0.39). In subgroup analyses, the benefit of adjunctive PWI compared with PVI only was more distinct in persistent AF group and cryoballoon ablation group. Notably, adjunctive PWI with radiofrequency ablation may induce a slight increase of recurrent AFL/AT compared with PVI only (RR 1.56 [95% CI 1.02-2.39], I 2 = 30%, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Compared with PVI alone, additional PWI to PVI appeared to be associated with decreased recurrence of AF and atrial arrhythmias without an increased occurrence of procedural complications, especially in persistent AF patients. Cryoballoon ablation seemed more suitable for PWI compared with radiofrequency ablation. More RCTs are needed to verify the conclusion.

T-Wave Alternans Measured by 24-Hour Ambulatory Recordings Rather Than Exercise Stress Tests as a Risk Stratification Marker in Patients With Long QT Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Few small-sample studies have quantified the T-wave alternans (TWA) value by 24-hour ambulatory recordings or exercise stress tests in patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS). The cutoff point of TWA ≥47 µV was based on patients with myocardial infarction. In our study, we aimed to (1) evaluate the association of TWA with life-threatening arrhythmic events (LAEs); (2) compare the predictive model of LAEs according to the TWA value measured by 24-hour ambulatory recordings and exercise stress tests; and (3) propose a cutoff point for the high risk of LAEs in patients with LQTS. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study cohort included 110 patients with LQTS referred to our hospital, and the primary outcome was LAEs. Thirty-one patients with LQTS (31/110 [28.2%]) developed LAEs during the following 24 (12-47) months. Peak TWA value quantified from 12 leads by 24-hour ambulatory recordings in patients with LQTS with LAEs (LQTS-LAEs group) was significantly higher than LQTS without LAEs (LQTS-non-LAEs group) (64.0 [42.0-86.0] µV versus 43.0 [36.0-53.0] µV; P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in TWA value measured by exercise stress tests between the 2 groups (69.0 [54.5-127.5] µV versus 68.5 [53.3-99.8] µV; P=0.871). The new cutoff point of the peak TWA value measured by 24-hour ambulatory recordings was 55.5 µV, with a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 78.6%. A univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that TWA value ≥55.5 µV was a strong predictor of LAEs (hazard ratio [HR], 4.5 [2.1-9.6]; P<0.001]. A multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that TWA value ≥55.5 µV remained significant (HR, 2.7 [1.1-6.8]; P=0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Peak TWA measured by 24-hour ambulatory recordings was a more favorable risk stratification marker than exercise stress tests for patients with LQTS.

Exogenous Melatonin Application Accelerated the Healing Process of Oriental Melon Grafted onto Squash by Promoting Lignin Accumulation.

Melatonin (MT) is a vital hormone factor in plant growth and development, yet its potential to influence the graft union healing process has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of MT on the healing of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock. The studies indicate that the exogenous MT treatment promotes the lignin content of oriental melon and squash stems by increasing the enzyme activities of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA ligase (HCT), hydroxy cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH), caffeic acid/5-hydroxy-conifer aldehyde O-methyltransferase (COMT), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-hydroxycinnamate CoA ligase (4CL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Using the oriental melon and squash treated with the exogenous MT to graft, the connection of oriental melon scion and squash rootstock was more efficient and faster due to higher expression of wound-induced dedifferentiation 1 (WIND1), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKB1;2), target of monopteros 6 (TMO6), and vascular-related NAC-domain 7 (VND7). Further research found that the exogenous MT increased the lignin content of the oriental melon scion stem by regulating CmCAD1 expression, and then accelerated the graft healing process. In addition, the root growth of grafted seedlings treated with the exogenous MT was more vigorous.

Crystal Facet Engineering on SrTiO3 Enhances Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting.

Single-crystal semiconductor-based photocatalysts exposing unique crystallographic facets show promising applications in energy and environmental technologies; however, crystal facet engineering through solid-state synthesis for photocatalytic overall water splitting is still challenging. Herein, we develop a novel crystal facet engineering strategy through solid-state recrystallization to synthesize uniform SrTiO3 single crystals exposing tailored {111} facets. The presynthesized low-crystalline SrTiO3 precursors enable the formation of well-defined single crystals through kinetically improved crystal structure transformation during solid-state recrystallization process. By employing subtle Al3+ ions as surface morphology modulators, the crystal surface orientation can be precisely tuned to a controlled percentage of {111} facets. The photocatalytic overall water splitting activity increases with the exposure percentage of {111} facets. Owing to the outstanding crystallinity and favorable anisotropic surface structure, the SrTiO3 single crystals with 36.6% of {111} facets lead to a 3-fold enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates up to 1.55 mmol·h-1 in a stoichiometric ratio of 2:1 than thermodynamically stable SrTiO3 enclosed with isotropic {100} facets.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia combined with left ventricular non-compaction.

BACKGROUND: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is an ion channelopathy, caused by mutations in genes coding for calcium-handling proteins. It can coexist with left ventricular non-compaction. We aim to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of this co-phenotype. METHODS: Medical records of 24 patients diagnosed with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in two Chinese hospitals between September, 2005, and January, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated their clinical and genetic characteristics, including basic demographic data, electrocardiogram parameters, medications and survival during follow-up, and their gene mutations. We did structural analysis for a novel variant ryanodine receptor 2-E4005V. RESULTS: The patients included 19 with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia mono-phenotype and 5 catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia-left ventricular non-compaction overlap patients. The median age of onset symptoms was 9.0 (8.0,13.5) years. Most patients (91.7%) had cardiac symptoms, and 50% had a family history of syncope. Overlap patients had lower peak heart rate and threshold heart rate for ventricular tachycardia and ventricular premature beat during the exercise stress test (p < 0.05). Sudden cardiac death risk may be higher in overlap patients during follow-up. Gene sequencing revealed 1 novel ryanodine receptor 2 missense mutation E4005V and 1 mutation previously unreported in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, but no left ventricular non-compaction-causing mutations were observed. In-silico analysis showed the novel mutation E4005V broke down the interaction between two charged residues. CONCLUSIONS: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia overlapping with left ventricular non-compaction may lead to ventricular premature beat/ventricular tachycardia during exercise stress test at lower threshold heart rate than catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia alone; it may also indicate a worse prognosis and requires strict follow-up. ryanodine receptor 2 mutations disrupted interactions between residues and may interfere the function of ryanodine receptor 2.

Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface.

Electroreduction of CO2 to valuable multicarbon (C2+) products is a highly attractive way to utilize and divert emitted CO2. However, a major fraction of C2+ selectivity is confined to less than 90% by the difficulty of coupling C-C bonds efficiently. Herein, we identify the stable Cu0/Cu2+ interfaces derived from copper phosphate-based (CuPO) electrocatalysts, which can facilitate C2+ production with a low-energy pathway of OC-CHO coupling verified by in situ spectra studies and theoretical calculations. The CuPO precatalyst shows a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 69.7% towards C2H4 in an H-cell, and exhibits a significant FEC2+ of 90.9% under industrially relevant current density (j = -350 mA cm-2) in a flow cell configuration. The stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface breaks new ground for the structural design of electrocatalysts and the construction of synergistic active sites to improve the activity and selectivity of valuable C2+ products.

Radiomics and Ki-67 index predict survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate predictive models based on Ki-67 index, radiomics, and Ki-67 index combined with radiomics for survival analysis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: This study enrolled 148 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as ccRCC between March 2010 and December 2018 at our institute. All tissue sections were collected and immunohistochemical staining was performed to calculate Ki-67 index. All patients were randomly divided into the training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. Regions of interests (ROIs) were segmented manually. Radiomics features were selected from ROIs in unenhanced, corticomedullary, and nephrographic phases. Multivariate Cox models based on the Ki-67 index and radiomics and univariate Cox models based on the Ki-67 index or radiomics alone were built; the predictive power was evaluated by the concordance (C)-index, integrated area under the curve, and integrated Brier Score. RESULTS: Five features were selected to establish the prediction models of radiomics and combined model. The C-indexes of Ki-67 index model, radiomics model, and combined model were 0.741, 0.718, and 0.782 for disease-free survival (DFS); 0.941, 0.866, and 0.963 for overall survival, respectively. The predictive power of combined model was the best in both training and validation sets. CONCLUSION: The survival prediction performance of combined model was better than Ki-67 model or radiomics model. The combined model is a promising tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with ccRCC in the future. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Both Ki-67 and radiomics have showed giant potential in prognosis prediction. There are few studies to investigate the predictive ability of Ki-67 combined with radiomics. This study intended to build a combined model and provide a reliable prognosis for ccRCC in clinical practice.

Nomogram Based on Preoperative Absolute Lymphocyte Count to Predict Local Recurrence in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Microwave Ablation.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative absolute lymphocyte count (preALC) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after microwave ablation (MWA) and build a combined nomograph with clinical features to predict the local recurrence. Patients and Methods: A total of 118 NSCLC patients who underwent microwave ablation were enrolled in this study. The median local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was 35.5 months. Independent prognostic factors obtained by multivariate analysis were included in the prediction model. The prognostic value of the model was assessed by the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (T-AUC). Results: Histological subtype and preALC were independent risk factors for local relapse-free survival. According to the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (T-ROC), the optimal cut-off value of preALC was 1.965×109/L, the sensitivity was 0.837, and the specificity was 0.594. The area under the T-ROC curve (AUC) of preALC was 0.703. To establish a nomogram to predict the local recurrence rate of NSCLC after MWA based on the prognostic factors revealed by Cox regression. Conclusion: Preoperative lymphocyte count reduction is associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC. The nomogram model combined with preALC can provide a good individualized prediction of local recurrence after microwave ablation.

Scalable synthesis of coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites for large-scale CO2 electrolysis.

Practical electrochemical CO2-to-CO conversion requires a non-precious catalyst to react at high selectivity and high rate. Atomically dispersed, coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites have shown great performance in CO2 electroreduction; however, their controllable and large-scale fabrication still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a general method to fabricate coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites doped within carbon nanotubes, among which cobalt single-atom catalysts can mediate efficient CO2-to-CO formation in a membrane flow configuration, achieving a current density of 200 mA cm-2 with CO selectivity of 95.4% and high full-cell energy efficiency of 54.1%, outperforming most of CO2-to-CO conversion electrolyzers. By expanding the cell area to 100 cm2, this catalyst sustains a high-current electrolysis at 10 A with 86.8% CO selectivity and the single-pass conversion can reach 40.4% at a high CO2 flow rate of 150 sccm. This fabrication method can be scaled up with negligible decay in CO2-to-CO activity. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical results reveal the crucial role of coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites, which facilitate CO2 adsorption and key *COOH intermediate formation.

A case of misdiagnosed leiomyoma of the vulva: A case report.

RATIONALE: Leiomyoma of the vulva is a rare, benign mass that is present on the vulva. Most commonly, they are described as painless, well-circumscribed, solitary tumors that are misdiagnosed as Bartholin cysts before surgery. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 45-year-old woman presented with a case of vulvar leiomyoma misdiagnosed as Bartholin cyst preoperatively. A solitary swelling mass measuring 3 cm × 2 cm was found in the left labia majora at the Bartholin gland site on physical examination. DIAGNOSES: A vulvar mass extent and vascularity may be determined by imaging. A color doppler flow imaging of the posterior vaginal wall revealed abundant blood flow. INTERVENTION: To confirm vulvar leiomyoma, surgery and histopathology were performed. OUTCOME: After 2 months of follow-up, there were no signs of recurrence in the patient. LESSONS: Rare vulvar leiomyomas are often mistaken for Bartholin's cysts. It is also difficult to distinguish benign from malignant forms, making vulvar leiomyoma a difficult diagnosis. As there are a few techniques used to differentiate between the nature of the tumor, excisional biopsy seems to be the best current procedure employed in addition to being the treatment of choice for such tumors.

Molecularly Distorted Local Structure in Bi2 CuO4 Oxide to Stabilize Lattice Oxygen for Efficient Formate Electrosynthesis.

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) provides an economically feasible way for converting green energy into valuable chemical feedstocks and fuels. Great progress has been achieved in the understanding and synthesis of oxidized-based precatalysts; however, their dynamical changes of local structure under operando conditions still hinder their further applications. Here a molecularly distorted Bi2 CuO4 precatalyst for efficient CO2 -to-formate conversion is reported. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) results and theoretical calculations suggest that the distorted structure with molecularly like [CuO4 ]6- unit rotation is more conducive to the structural stability of the sample. Operando XAFS and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) results prove that quite a bit of lattice oxygen can remain in the distorted sample after CO2 RR. Electrochemical measurements of the distorted sample show an excellent activity and selectivity with a high formate partial current density of 194.6 mA cm-2 at an extremely low overpotential of -400 mV. Further in situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations illustrate that the retained oxygen can optimize the adsorption of *OCHO intermediate for the enhanced CO2 RR performance.

Analysis of pharmacogenomic very important pharmacogenomic variants: CYP3A5, ACE, PTGS2 and NAT2 genes in Chinese Bai population.

Aim: Our study aimed to screen the genotype frequencies of very important pharmacogenomic (VIP) mutations and identify their differences between Bai and other populations. Materials & methods: We selected 66 VIP variants from PharmGKB (www.pharmgkb.org/) for genotyping. χ2 test was used to identify differences in loci between these populations and FST values of Bai and the other 26 populations were analyzed. Results: Our study showed that the frequencies of SNPs of CYP3A5, ACE, PTGS2 and NAT2 differed significantly from those of the other 26 populations. At the same time, we found that some VIP variants may affect the metabolism of drugs and the genetic relationship between the Bai population and East Asian populations was found to be the closest. Conclusion: By comparing the genotype frequencies of different populations, the loci with significant differences were identified and discussed, providing a theoretical basis for individualized drug use in the Bai ethnic population.

Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis for Better Understanding of Telomeric Zinc Finger-Associated Protein-Induced Pathogenesis in Cardiomyocytes.

Telomere length is highly related to cardiovascular diseases. Telomeric zinc finger-associated protein (TZAP) directly binds to telomeric TTAGGG repeats via zinc finger domains and triggers the initiation of the telomere trimming process. However, proteomics analysis of TZAP in cardiomyocytes is slightly unknown. In our study, TZAP was overexpressed by adenovirus transfection in cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes, and then mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics research strategies, including Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, subcellular localizations, predicted functional domains, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, were performed to explore TZAP-induced potential pathogenesis in cardiomyocytes. A total of 184 upregulated and 228 downregulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified among identified 5693 quantifiable proteins in TZAP-overexpressed cardiomyocytes. These DEPs were mainly distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. DEPs were enriched in biological processes including cardiac muscle cell contraction, acute inflammatory response, cell-cell junction assembly, and macromolecule biosynthetic process. They were enriched in 9 KEGG pathways, including Hippo signaling pathway, protein digestion and absorption, and cytokine receptor interaction, and enriched in 17 protein domains, including translation initiation factor 1A/IF-1, class I histocompatibility antigen, and zinc finger. PPI analysis indicated that TZAP interacted with NDUFC2, Gja1, and HDAC2. Further, as proteins closely related to cardiovascular function, the mRNA levels of BRD4, Gja1, HDAC2, MAP2K3, Plakophilin 4, and Syndecan 1 significantly decreased, while Trpm7, clusterin, and NDUFC2 remarkably increased in TZAP-overexpressed cardiomyocytes by RT-PCR assay, which were consistent with the proteomics analysis. Collectively, we provided candidate proteins and enrichment pathways in TZAP-overexpressed cardiomyocytes, which need further investigation.

NPAS4 Polymorphisms Contribute to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Risk.

As genetic inheritance is an inevitable risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD), it is critical to identify the polymorphisms of CHD risk. This study explored whether the NPAS4 polymorphisms are related to the CHD risk in the Chinese Han population. Five SNPs in NPAS4 were genotyped using Agena Mass ARRAY from 499 CHD and 500 controls. RT-PCR detected the NPAS4 expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 50 CHD and 50 controls. χ2 test compared the distributions of gender, allele and genotypes frequencies between cases and controls. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). MDR analyzed the SNP-SNP interactions on risk of CHD. U test compared the differences in gene expression between different groups. The results showed that rs4466842 was correlated with an increased CHD risk in overall, males and age ≤ 60; rs117186164 and rs12785321 were significantly related to an increased CHD risk in male and age ≤ 60, respectively; haplotype Ars117186164Crs4466842 was significantly correlated with an increased CHD risk. SNP-SNP interactions results showed that the best model was the four-locus model was the combination of rs117770654, rs117957381, rs12785321, and rs4466842 (CVC = 10/10, Testing Sensitivity = 0.647). The expression levels of NPAS4 in the case group (0.365 ± 0.139) were significantly lower than that in the control group (0.782 ± 0.224) (P < 0.001). The results revealed that SNPs in NPAS4 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of CHD.

Operando High-Valence Cr-Modified NiFe Hydroxides for Water Oxidation.

High-valence metal-doped multimetal (oxy)hydroxides outperform noble metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to the modified energetics between 3d metals and high-valence dopants. However, the rational design of sufficient and subtle modulators is still challenging. With a multimetal layered double hydroxide (LDH) as the OER catalyst, this study introduces a series of operando high-valence dopants (Cr, Ru, Ce, and V), which can restrict the 3+ valence states in the LDH template to prevent phase separation and operando transfer to the >3+ valence states for sufficient electronic interaction during the OER process. Through density functional theory simulations, ultrathin Cr-doped NiFe (NiFeCr) LDH is synthesized with strong electronic interaction between Cr dopants and NiFe bimetallic sites, evidenced by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The resulting NiFeCr-LDH catalyzes the OER with ultralow overpotentials of 189 and 284 mV, obtaining current densities of 10 and 1000 mA cm-2 , respectively. Further, a NiFeCr-LDH anode is coupled in the anion exchange membrane electrolyzers to promote alkaline water splitting and CO2 -to-CO electrolysis, which achieves low full cell voltages at high current densities.

Report of a patient with refractory atrial tachycardia whose heart rate was controlled using ivabradine.

Ivabradine is an effective treatment for focal atrial tachycardia. However, it may also be effective for re-entrant atrial arrhythmia. An 85-year-old woman with a history of underlying ischaemic cardiomyopathy complained of worsening symptoms of heart failure because of rapid atrial tachycardia that was resistant to several rate-controlling drugs, but responded well to ivabradine. An electrophysiology study demonstrated a roof-dependent macro-re-entrant tachycardia of the left atrium. Linear ablation of the left atrial roof resulted in termination of the tachycardia. Thus, ivabradine can be an effective treatment for re-entrant atrial tachycardia.

Genetic variation of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in the Chinese Li population: an updated research.

Previous studies have shown that the frequency of very important pharmacogenomic (VIP) genes varies in different populations which leads to the diversities in drug efficacy, safety, and the risk associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution differences of VIP variants between the Li population and the other 13 populations. Based on the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase database (PhamGKB), we successfully genotyped 52 VIP variants within 27 genes in 200 unrelated Li population. χ2 test was used to evaluate the significant differences of genotype and allele frequencies between the Li and the other 13 populations from 1000 Genomes Project. Our study showed that the genotype frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on KCNH2, ACE, CYP4F2, and CYP2E1 were considerably different between Li and the other 13 populations, especially in rs1805123 (KCNH2), rs4291 (ACE), rs3093105 (CYP4F2), and rs6413432 (CYP2E1) loci. Meanwhile, we found several VIP variants that might alter the drug metabolism of cisplatin-cyclophosphamide (CYP2E1), vitamin E (CYP4F2), asthma amlodipine, chlorthalidone, and lisinopril (ACE) through PharmGKB. We also identified other variants which were associated with adverse effects in isoniazid and rifampicin (CYP2E1; hepatotoxicity). The four loci rs1805123 (KCNH2), rs4291 (ACE), rs3093105 (CYP4F2), and rs6413432 (CYP2E1) provided a reliable basis for the prediction of the efficacy of certain drugs. The study complemented the existed pharmacogenomics information, which could provide theoretical basis for predicting the efficacy of certain drugs in the Li population.

Time of the low-level cardiopulmonary exercise test does not affect the evaluation of acute myocardial infarction in stable status.

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides the means to evaluate the cardiopulmonary function and guide cardiac rehabilitation. The performance of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients at different times is different on CPET. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed as AMI in stable status were included and performed the low- level CPET (RAMP 10W). CPET variables at different times were compared among four groups. Results: Sixty and one patients with AMI conducted the low-level CPET from 3 to 15 days after AMI. Patients were stratified according to quartiles of CPET's time: 5 in 3-6 days group, 34 in 7-9 days group, 14 in 10-12 days group, 8 in 13-15 days group. Only VO2/HR at rest showed statistically different among the four groups.VO2/HR at rest in 3-6 days group and 10-12 days group were higher than in 13-15 days group (3.4 ± 0.85, 3.18 ± 0.78 vs. 2.50 ± 0.49 ml/beat, p < 0.05). Patients with complete revascularization had higher peak heart rate and blood pressure product and peak breathing reserve (BR), and lower Borg score compared with incomplete revascularization. And patients with LVEF >50% had higher peak BR compared with LVEF 40-50%. Conclusion: It was safe and efficient to conduct the low-level CPET in stable AMI patients 3 days after onset. Time was not an effector on cardiopulmonary function and exercise capacity and prognosis in AMI during CPET. Complete revascularization and normal LVEF should be good for exercise test in AMI.