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Asteraceae, the largest family of angiosperms, has attracted widespread attention for its exceptional medicinal, horticultural, and ornamental value. However, researches on Asteraceae plants face challenges due to their intricate genetic background. With the continuous advancement of sequencing technology, a vast number of genomes and genetic resources from Asteraceae species have been accumulated. This has spurred a demand for comprehensive genomic analysis within this diverse plant group. To meet this need, we developed the Asteraceae Genomics Database (AGD; http://cbcb.cdutcm.edu.cn/AGD/). The AGD serves as a centralized and systematic resource, empowering researchers in various fields such as gene annotation, gene family analysis, evolutionary biology, and genetic breeding. AGD not only encompasses high-quality genomic sequences, and organelle genome data, but also provides a wide range of analytical tools, including BLAST, JBrowse, SSR Finder, HmmSearch, Heatmap, Primer3, PlantiSMASH, and CRISPRCasFinder. These tools enable users to conveniently query, analyze, and compare genomic information across various Asteraceae species. The establishment of AGD holds great significance in advancing Asteraceae genomics, promoting genetic breeding, and safeguarding biodiversity by providing researchers with a comprehensive and user-friendly genomics resource platform.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of combining low-dose atorvastatin calcium with evolocumab on complement regulatory protein levels, lipid profiles, and cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted, with 180 CHD patients enrolled from Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between February 2022 and April 2023. These patients were randomly assigned to either the control group (n = 90), receiving low-dose atorvastatin calcium, or the research group (n = 90), receiving a combination of low-dose atorvastatin calcium and evolocumab. The changes in cardiac function indices, levels of blood lipids and complement proteins, incidence of side effects, and cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, both groups exhibited reductions in blood lipid levels. However, the research group demonstrated significantly lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to the control group (all P < 0.001). Additionally, improvements in cardiac function indices were observed in both groups, with the research group displaying greater enhancements in cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Furthermore, the levels of complement regulatory proteins, including CD45, CD46, CD55, and CD59, increased in both groups after treatment, with the research group exhibiting significantly higher levels (all P < 0.001). Notably, the research group also exhibited a lower incidence of cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION: The combined use of low-dose atorvastatin calcium and evolocumab effectively modulates complement regulatory protein levels, optimizes blood lipid profiles, and enhances cardiac function in patients with CHD. This combination therapy represents a promising approach for management of CHD.
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The epigenetic regulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has attracted considerable interest in tumor research, but the potential roles of m6A regulator-related genes, remain largely unknown within the context of gastric cancer (GC) and tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a comprehensive strategy of data mining and computational biology utilizing multiple datasets based on 28 m6A regulators (including novel anti-readers) was employed to identify m6A regulator-related genes and patterns and elucidate their underlying mechanisms in GC. Subsequently, a scoring system was constructed to evaluate individual prognosis and immunotherapy response. Three distinct m6A regulator-related patterns were identified through the unsupervised clustering of 56 m6A regulator-related genes (all significantly associated with GC prognosis). TME characterization revealed that these patterns highly corresponded to immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert phenotypes, and their TME characteristics were highly consistent with different clinical outcomes and biological processes. Additionally, an m6A-related scoring system was developed to quantify the m6A modification pattern of individual samples. Low scores indicated high survival rates and high levels of immune activation, whereas high scores indicated stromal activation and tumor malignancy. Furthermore, the m6A-related scores were correlated with tumor mutation loads and various clinical traits, including molecular or histological subtypes and clinical stage or grade, and the score had predictive values across all digestive system tumors and even in all tumor types. Notably, a low score was linked to improved responses to anti-PD-1/L1 and anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy in three independent cohorts. This study has expanded the important role of m6A regulator-related genes in shaping TME diversity and clinical/biological traits of GC. The developed scoring system could help develop more effective immunotherapy strategies and personalized treatment guidance.
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Adénosine , Régulation de l'expression des gènes tumoraux , Tumeurs de l'estomac , Microenvironnement tumoral , Tumeurs de l'estomac/génétique , Tumeurs de l'estomac/anatomopathologie , Tumeurs de l'estomac/immunologie , Humains , Microenvironnement tumoral/génétique , Microenvironnement tumoral/immunologie , Adénosine/analogues et dérivés , Adénosine/métabolisme , Pronostic , Épigenèse génétique , Biologie informatique/méthodes , Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux/génétique , Immunothérapie/méthodesRÉSUMÉ
The original version of this article (Liu et al., 2021) unfortunately contained a mistake: statement of equal contribution is missing. This correction article shows that Chiyu LIU and Sixu CHEN contributed equally to this work. The original article has been corrected.
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The purpose of the meta-analysis was to evaluate and compare the photodynamic therapy's effectiveness in treating infected skin wounds. The results of this meta-analysis were analysed, and the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using dichotomous or contentious random- or fixed-effect models. For the current meta-analysis, 6 examinations spanning from 2013 to 2021 were included, encompassing 154 patients with infected skin wounds were the used studies' starting point. Photodynamic therapy had a significantly lower wound ulcer size (MD, -4.42; 95% CI, -7.56--1.28, p = 0.006), better tissue repair (MD, -8.62; 95% CI, -16.76--0.48, p = 0.04) and lower microbial cell viability (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.42, p < 0.001) compared with red light exposure in subjects with infected skin wounds. The examined data revealed that photodynamic therapy had a significantly lower wound ulcer size, better tissue repair and lower microbial cell viability compared with red light exposure in subjects with infected skin wounds. However, given that all examinations had a small sample size, consideration should be given to their values.
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Photothérapie dynamique , Infections de la peau , Ulcère cutané , Traumatismes des tissus mous , Infection de plaie , Humains , Ulcère , Ulcère cutané/traitement médicamenteux , Peau , Infection de plaie/traitement médicamenteuxRÉSUMÉ
Mentha is a commonly used spice worldwide, which possesses medicinal properties and fragrance. These characteristics are conferred, at least partially, by essential oils such as menthol. In this study, a gap-free assembly with a genome size of 414.3 Mb and 31,251 coding genes was obtained for Mentha suaveolens 'Variegata'. Based on its high heterozygosity (1.5%), two complete haplotypic assemblies were resolved, with genome sizes of 401.9 and 405.7 Mb, respectively. The telomeres and centromeres of each haplotype were almost fully annotated. In addition, we detected a total of 41,135 structural variations. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis were affected by these structural variations. Analysis of volatile metabolites showed that M. suaveolens mainly produces piperitenone oxide rather than menthol. We identified three genes in the M. suaveolens genome which encode isopiperitenone reductase (ISPR), a key rate-limiting enzyme in menthol biosynthesis. However, the transcription levels of ISPR were low. Given that other terpenoid biosynthesis genes were expressed, M. suaveolens ISPRs may account for the accumulation of piperitenone oxide in this species. The findings of this study may provide a valuable resource for improving the detection rate and accuracy of genetic variants, thereby enhancing our understanding of their impact on gene function and expression. Moreover, our haplotype-resolved gap-free genome assembly offers novel insights into molecular marker-assisted breeding of Mentha.
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BACKGROUND: The presence of heterogeneity is a significant attribute within the context of ovarian cancer. This study aimed to assess the predictive accuracy of models utilizing quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT derived inter-tumor heterogeneity metrics in determining progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Additionally, the study investigated the potential correlation between model risk scores and the expression levels of p53 and Ki-67. METHODS: A total of 292 patients diagnosed with HGSOC were retrospectively enrolled at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (median age: 54 ± 9.4 years). Quantitative inter-tumor heterogeneity metrics were calculated based on conventional measurements and texture features of primary and metastatic lesions in 18F-FDG PET/CT. Conventional models, heterogeneity models, and integrated models were then constructed to predict PFS and OS. Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to evaluate the correlation between immunohistochemical scores of p53 and Ki-67 and model risk scores. RESULTS: The C-indices of the integrated models were the highest for both PFS and OS models. The C-indices of the training set and testing set of the integrated PFS model were 0.898 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.881-0.914) and 0.891 (95% CI: 0.860-0.921), respectively. For the integrated OS model, the C-indices of the training set and testing set were 0.894 (95% CI: 0.871-0.917) and 0.905 (95% CI: 0.873-0.936), respectively. The integrated PFS model showed the strongest correlation with the expression levels of p53 (ρ = 0.859, p < 0.001) and Ki-67 (ρ = 0.829, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The models based on 18F-FDG PET/CT quantitative inter-tumor heterogeneity metrics exhibited good performance for predicting the PFS and OS of patients with HGSOC. p53 and Ki-67 expression levels were strongly correlated with the risk scores of the integrated predictive models.
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Tumeurs de l'ovaire , Tomographie par émission de positons couplée à la tomodensitométrie , Humains , Femelle , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Fluorodésoxyglucose F18 , Études rétrospectives , Antigène KI-67/métabolisme , Protéine p53 suppresseur de tumeur , Tumeurs de l'ovaire/anatomopathologie , PronosticRÉSUMÉ
PURPOSE: While the role of drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is established, questions regarding appropriate bead size for use in patients remain. This trial evaluated the effectiveness and safety of DEB-TACE using small-size (≤ 100 µm) microspheres loaded with epirubicin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, single-arm, multicenter study enrolled patients diagnosed with HCC who underwent DEB-TACE using 40 (range, 30-50), 75 (range, 60-90), or 100 (range, 75-125) µm epirubicin-loaded microspheres (TANDEM microspheres, Varian Medical). Bead size was at the discretion of treating physicians and based on tumor size and/or vascular structure. The primary outcome measure was 6-month objective response rate (ORR). Secondary outcome measures were 30-day and 3-month ORR, time to tumor progression and extrahepatic spread, proportion of progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) at one year, and incidence of treatment-associated adverse events. RESULTS: Data from 108 patients from ten centers was analyzed. Six-month ORR was 73.3 and 71.3% based on European association for the study of the liver (EASL) and modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST) criteria, respectively. Thirty-day ORR was 79.6% for both EASL and mRECIST criteria with 3-month ORR being 80.0 and 81.0%, respectively, for each criteria. One-year PPF and OS rate were 60.3 and 94.3%. There was a total of 30 SAEs reported to be likely to definitely associated with microsphere (n = 9), epirubicin (n = 9), or procedure (n = 12) with none resulting in death. CONCLUSION: DEB-TACE using epirubicin-loaded small-sized (≤ 100 µm) microspheres demonstrates promising local tumor control and acceptable safety in patients with HCC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03113955; registered April 14, 2017. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03113955; registered April 14, 2017. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2, Prospective, Non-randomized, Single-arm, study.
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Carcinome hépatocellulaire , Chimioembolisation thérapeutique , Tumeurs du foie , Humains , Carcinome hépatocellulaire/anatomopathologie , Épirubicine , Tumeurs du foie/anatomopathologie , Microsphères , Études prospectives , Résultat thérapeutique , Chimioembolisation thérapeutique/méthodes , Doxorubicine , Études rétrospectivesRÉSUMÉ
Cepharanthine is a secondary metabolite isolated from Stephania. It has been reported that it has anti-conronaviruses activities including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we assemble three Stephania genomes (S. japonica, S. yunnanensis, and S. cepharantha), propose the cepharanthine biosynthetic pathway, and assess the antiviral potential of compounds involved in the pathway. Among the three genomes, S. japonica has a near telomere-to-telomere assembly with one remaining gap, and S. cepharantha and S. yunnanensis have chromosome-level assemblies. Following by biosynthetic gene mining and metabolomics analysis, we identify seven cepharanthine analogs that have broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activities, including SARS-CoV-2, Guangxi pangolin-CoV (GX_P2V), swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). We also show that two other genera, Nelumbo and Thalictrum, can produce cepharanthine analogs, and thus have the potential for antiviral compound discovery. Results generated from this study could accelerate broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus drug discovery.
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Alphacoronavirus , Benzodioxoles , Benzylisoquinoléines , Stephania , Animaux , Suidae , Chine/épidémiologie , SARS-CoV-2 , Antiviraux/pharmacologieRÉSUMÉ
Adolescent cocaine exposure (ACE) induces anxiety and higher sensitivity to substances abuse during adulthood. Here, we show that the claustrum is crucial for controlling these psychiatric problems in male mice. In anxiety-like behavioral tests, the CaMKII-positive neurons in the median portion of the claustrum (MClaustrum) were triggered, and local suppression of these neurons reduced the anxiety-like behavior in ACE mice during adulthood. In contrast, the CaMKII-positive neurons in the anterior portion of the claustrum (AClaustrum) were more activated in response to subthreshold dose of cocaine induced conditioned place preference (CPP), and local suppression of these neurons blocked the acquisition of cocaine CPP in ACE mice during adulthood. Our findings for the first time identified the fine-regional role of the claustrum in regulating the anxiety and susceptibility to cocaine in ACE mice during adulthood, extending our understanding of the claustrum in substance use disorder.
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Claustrum , Cocaïne , Mâle , Animaux , Souris , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 , Récompense , Cocaïne/pharmacologie , AnxiétéRÉSUMÉ
SGLT-2 inhibitors, such as empagliflozin, have been shown to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events and delay the progression of atherosclerosis. However, its role in atherosclerotic calcification remains unclear. In this research, ApoE-/- mice were fed with western diet and empagliflozin was added to the drinking water for 24 weeks. Empagliflozin treatment significantly alleviated arterial calcification assessed by alizarin red and von kossa staining in aortic roots and reduced the lipid levels, while had little effect on body weight and blood glucose levels in ApoE-/- mice. In vitro studies, empagliflozin significantly inhibits calcification of primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and aortic rings induced by osteogenic media (OM) or inorganic phosphorus (Pi). RNA sequencing of VSMCs cultured in OM with or without empagliflozin showed that empagliflozin negatively regulated the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs. And further studies confirmed that empagliflozin significantly inhibited osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs via qRT-PCR. Our study demonstrates that empagliflozin alleviates atherosclerotic calcification by inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs, which addressed a critical need for the discovery of a drug-based therapeutic approach in the treatment of atherosclerotic calcification.
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Epilepsy is one of the most common complications after craniotomy, which happens suddenly and does great harm. There still lacks of effective prediction method during the operation. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the correlation between the characteristics of intraoperative electrocorticogram (ECoG) and postoperative epilepsy, and select effective features to establish a prediction model. This retrospective study uses intraoperative ECoG recordings of 144 patients with cerebrovascular diseases undergoing cerebral revascularization surgeries. The cases are divided into subtypes of ischemic and hemorrhagic. Nine types of ECoG features are designed on different frequency bands indicating clinical information, power spectrum, complexity, sequence change, and information quantity, while their changes in different surgical stages are also considered. Then statistical analysis is used to obtain features significantly related to postoperative epilepsy (p<0.05). The sparse representation method is used on these features to further screen and reduce the redundancy, and then machine learning methods are used to establish a prediction model for postoperative epilepsy. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the best prediction model can achieve 0.817, 0.800 and 0.833 respectively under 5-fold cross validation.Clinical Relevance-This study explores the correlation between the characteristics of intraoperative ECoG and postoperative epilepsy, investigates the possibility to use the ECoG features and machine learning algorithms to assess the risk of postoperative epilepsy during the surgery. Further results are expected to provide reference for preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of postoperative epilepsy.
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Électrocorticographie , Épilepsie , Humains , Études rétrospectives , Épilepsie/diagnostic , Épilepsie/chirurgie , AlgorithmesRÉSUMÉ
Purpose: Liver abscess is a rare and serious complication after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for liver cancer; however, its impact on the prognosis is unclear. This retrospective study examined the outcomes of patients with liver abscess formation following TACE for malignant liver tumors to elucidate the impact of liver abscess formation on the prognosis of these patients. Methods: From January 2017 to January 2022, 1,387 patients with malignant tumors underwent 3,341 sessions of TACE at our hospital. Clinical characteristics of patients at baseline and follow-up were examined, including treatment and outcome of liver abscess, tumor response to the TACE leading to liver abscess, and overall survival time. Results: Of 1,387 patients, 15 (1.1%) patients with liver abscess complications after TACE resulted in a total of 16 (0.5%) cases of liver abscess after 3,341 TACE sessions (including one patient with two events). After antibiotic or percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) treatment, all the infections associated with liver abscesses were controlled. In the PCD group, eight patients died before drainage tube removal, one retained the drainage tube until the end of follow-up, and five underwent drainage tube removal; the mean drainage tube removal time was 149.17 ± 134.19 days. The efficacy of TACE leading to liver abscess was evaluated as partial response (18.75%), stable disease (37.5%), and progressive disease (43.75%). Eleven patients died during the follow-up period owing to causes unrelated to infections caused by liver abscesses. The survival rates at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years were 86.7%, 50.9%, 25.5%, and 17%, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with liver abscess formation following TACE for malignant liver tumors experienced prolonged drainage tube removal time after PCD; while this condition did not directly cause death, it indirectly contributed to a poor prognosis in these patients.
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Background: The measurement of serum biomarkers is a promising decision aid in the assessment of atherosclerosis. However, data on the levels and epidemiological distribution of serum biomarkers of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in the oldest-old are limited. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of CAS serum biomarkers in the oldest-old over 80 and explore their predictive value for CAS. Methods: As part of the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study, a total of 1565 individuals over 80 years old were included. Atherosclerosis was assessed by carotid plaque and carotid intima-media thickness. Serum biomarker levels, demographic indicators, and physical examination indicators were detected. Prediction factors correlated to the CAS were explored by logistic regression and verified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Multivariate regression models were fitted, along with subgroup analysis and robustness tests. Results: Among the oldest-old population, 83.5% (1306) had CAS. In a fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rhythm (HR), serum homocysteine (Hcy), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels were significantly and positively associated with CAS in the oldest-old (PS < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that the combination of serum Hcy, ApoB, SBP, and HR increased the predictive value for CAS in the oldest-old (area under the curve: 0.856, 95% CI: 0.803-0.879; sensitivity: 81.8%; specificity: 85.9%). Conclusion: SBP, HR, Hcy and ApoB are independent risk factors for CAS in the oldest-old. The specific set of biomarkers and their combination with other risk markers may be a promising strategy for assessing CAS in the elderly, especially in global aging.
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Athérosclérose , Artériopathies carotidiennes , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Humains , Sujet âgé , Épaisseur intima-média carotidienne , Études de cohortes , Artériopathies carotidiennes/imagerie diagnostique , Marqueurs biologiques , Facteurs de risque , Apolipoprotéines B , HomocystéineRÉSUMÉ
Insecticides have been widely used for the control of insect pests that have a significant impact on agriculture and human health. A better understanding of insecticide targets is needed for effective insecticide design and resistance management. Pymetrozine, afidopyropen and flonicamid are reported to target on proteins that located on insect chordotonal organs, resulting in the disruption of insect coordination and the inhibition of feeding. In this study, we systematically examined the susceptibility of six Drosophila melanogaster mutants (five transient receptor potential channels and one mechanoreceptor) to three commercially used insecticides, in order to identify the receptor subunits critical to the insect's response to insecticides. Our results showed that iav1, nan36aand wtrw1 mutants exhibited significantly reduced susceptibility to pymetrozine and afidopyropen, but not to flonicamid. The number of eggs produced by the three mutant females were significantly less than that of the w1118 strain. Meanwhile, the longevity of all male mutants and females of nan36a and wtrw1 mutants was significantly shorter than that of the w1118 strain as the control. However, we observed no gravitaxis defects in wtrw1 mutants and the anti-gravitaxis of wtrw1 mutants was abolished by pymetrozine. Behavioral assays using thermogenetic tools further confirmed the bioassay results and supported the idea that Nan as a TRPV subfamily member located in Drosophila chordotonal neurons, acting as a target of pymetrozine, which interferes with Drosophila and causes motor deficits with gravitaxis defects. Taken together, this study elucidates the interactions of pymetrozine and afidopyropen with TRPV channels, Nan and Iav, and TRPA channel, Wtrw. Our research provides another evidence that pymetrozine and afidopyropen might target on nan, iav and wtrw channels and provides insights into the development of sustainable pest management strategies.
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Drosophila melanogaster , Insecticides , Animaux , Femelle , Humains , Drosophila melanogaster/génétique , Insecticides/pharmacologie , Génétique inverse , Drosophila/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
Paternal abuse of drugs, such as methamphetamine (METH), elevates the risk of developing addiction in subsequent generations, however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Male adult mice (F0) were exposed to METH for 30 days, followed by mating with naïve female mice to create the first-generation mice (F1). When growing to adulthood, F1 were subjected to conditioned place preference (CPP) test. Subthreshold dose of METH (sd-METH), insufficient to induce CPP normally, were used in F1. Selective antagonist (betaxolol) for ß1-adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) or its knocking-down virus were administrated into mPFC to regulate ADRB1 function and expression on CaMKII-positive neurons. METH-sired male F1 acquired sd-METH-induced CPP, indicating that paternal METH exposure induce higher sensitivity to METH in male F1. Compared with saline (SAL)-sired male F1, CaMKII-positive neuronal activity was normal without sd-METH, but strongly evoked after sd-METH treatment in METH-sired male F1 during adulthood. METH-sired male F1 had higher ADRB1 levels without sd-METH, which was kept at higher levels after sd-METH treatment in mPFC. Either inhibiting ADRB1 function with betaxolol, or knocking-down ADRB1 level on CaMKII-positive neurons (ADRB1CaMKII) with virus transfection efficiently suppressed sd-METH -evoked mPFC activation, and ultimately blocked sd-METH-induced CPP in METH-sired male F1. In the process, the p-ERK1/2 and ΔFosB may be potential subsequent signals of mPFC ADRB1CaMKII. The mPFC ADRB1CaMKII mediates paternal METH exposure-induced higher sensitivity to drug addiction in male offspring, raising a promising pharmacological target for predicting or treating transgenerational addiction.
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Stimulants du système nerveux central , Métamfétamine , Mâle , Femelle , Souris , Animaux , Métamfétamine/pharmacologie , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 , Bétaxolol , Phosphorylation , Stimulants du système nerveux central/pharmacologieRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Mental health problems are common among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV and may negatively affect medication adherence. Psychosocial interventions designed to address these urgent needs are scarce in China. Incorporating behavioral health theories into intervention development strengthens the effectiveness of these interventions. The absence of a robust theoretical basis for interventions may also present challenges to identify active intervention ingredients. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically describe the development of a mobile health-based intervention for MSM recently diagnosed with HIV in China, including the theoretical basis for the content and the considerations for its technological delivery. METHODS: We used intervention mapping (IM) to guide overall intervention development, a behavioral intervention technology model for technological delivery design, and a human-centered design and cultural adaptation model for intervention tailoring throughout all steps of IM. RESULTS: The dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)-informed intervention, Turning to Sunshine, comprised 3 components: app-based individual skills learning, group-based skills training, and on-demand phone coaching. The theoretical basis for the intervention content is based on the DBT model of emotions, which fits our conceptualization of the intervention user's mental health needs. The intervention aims to help MSM recently diagnosed with HIV (1) survive moments of high emotional intensity and strong action urges, (2) change emotional expression to regulate emotions, and (3) reduce emotional vulnerability, as well as (4) augment community resources for mental health services. Technological delivery considerations included rationale of the medium, complexity, and esthetics of information delivery; data logs; data visualization; notifications; and passive data collection. CONCLUSIONS: This study laid out the steps for the development of a DBT-informed mobile health intervention that integrated app-based individual learning, group-based skills training, and phone coaching. This intervention, Turning to Sunshine, aims to improve mental health outcomes for MSM newly diagnosed with HIV in China. The IM framework informed by human-centered design principles and cultural adaptation considerations offered a systematic approach to develop the current intervention and tailor it to the target intervention users. The behavioral intervention technology model facilitated the translation of behavioral intervention strategies into technological delivery components. The systematic development and reporting of the current intervention can serve as a guide for similar intervention studies. The content of the current intervention could be adapted for a broader population with similar emotional struggles to improve their mental health outcomes.
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Gene annotation is essential for genome-based studies. However, algorithm-based genome annotation is difficult to fully and correctly reveal genomic information, especially for species with complex genomes. Artemisia annua L. is the only commercial resource of artemisinin production though the content of artemisinin is still to be improved. Genome-based genetic modification and breeding are useful strategies to boost artemisinin content and therefore, ensure the supply of artemisinin and reduce costs, but better gene annotation is urgently needed. In this study, we manually corrected the newly released genome annotation of A. annua using second- and third-generation transcriptome data. We found that incorrect gene information may lead to differences in structural, functional, and expression levels compared to the original expectations. We also identified alternative splicing events and found that genome annotation information impacted identifying alternative splicing genes. We further demonstrated that genome annotation information and alternative splicing could affect gene expression estimation and gene function prediction. Finally, we provided a valuable version of A. annua genome annotation and demonstrated the importance of gene annotation in future research.
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Artemisia annua , Artémisinines , Artemisia annua/génétique , Épissage alternatif/génétique , Amélioration des plantes , GénomiqueRÉSUMÉ
Artemisia annua is the only known plant source of the potent antimalarial artemisinin, which occurs as the low- and high-artemisinin producing (LAP and HAP) chemotypes. Nevertheless, the different mechanisms of artemisinin producing between these two chemotypes were still not fully understood. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of genome resequencing, metabolome, and transcriptome data to systematically compare the difference in the LAP chemotype JL and HAP chemotype HAN. Metabolites analysis revealed that 72.18% of sesquiterpenes was highly accumulated in HAN compared to JL. Integrated omics analysis found a DBR2-Like (DBR2L) gene may be involved in artemisinin biosynthesis. DBR2L was highly homologous with DBR2, belonged to ORR3 family, and had the DBR2 activity of catalyzing artemisinic aldehyde to dihydroartemisinic aldehyde. Genome resequencing and promoter cloning revealed that complicated variations existed in DBR2L promoters among different varieties of A. annua and were clustered into three variation types. The promoter activity of diverse variant types showed obvious differences. Furthermore, the core region (-625 to 0) of the DBR2L promoter was identified and candidate transcription factors involved in DBR2L regulation were screened. Thus, the result indicates that DBR2L is another key enzyme involved in artemisinin biosynthesis. The promoter variation in DBR2L affects its expression level, and thereby may result in the different yield of artemisinin in varieties of A. annua. It provides a novel insight into the mechanism of artemisinin-producing difference in LAP and HAP chemotypes of A. annua, and will assist in a high yield of artemisinin in A. annua.
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BACKGROUND: Accurately predicting mobile network traffic can help mobile network operators allocate resources more rationally and can facilitate stable and fast network services to users. However, due to burstiness and uncertainty, it is difficult to accurately predict network traffic. METHODOLOGY: Considering the spatio-temporal correlation of network traffic, we proposed a deep-learning model, Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) Spatio-Temporal Convolution Network-Transformer, for time-series prediction based on a CBAM attention mechanism, a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), and Transformer with a sparse self-attention mechanism. The model can be used to extract the spatio-temporal features of network traffic for prediction. First, we used the improved TCN for spatial information and added the CBAM attention mechanism, which we named CSTCN. This model dealt with important temporal and spatial features in network traffic. Second, Transformer was used to extract spatio-temporal features based on the sparse self-attention mechanism. The experiments in comparison with the baseline showed that the above work helped significantly to improve the prediction accuracy. We conducted experiments on a real network traffic dataset in the city of Milan. RESULTS: The results showed that CSTCN-Transformer reduced the mean square error and the mean average error of prediction results by 65.16%, 64.97%, and 60.26%, and by 51.36%, 53.10%, and 38.24%, respectively, compared to CSTCN, a Long Short-Term Memory network, and Transformer on test sets, which justified the model design in this paper.